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性别平等

性别平等

 5.2

消除公共和私营部门针对妇女和女童一切形式的暴力行为，包括贩卖、性剥削及其他形式的剥削。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.2.1
    有过伴侣的妇女和15岁及以上女童在过去12个月中遭到过现任或前任伴侣殴打、性暴力或心理暴力的比例, 按暴力形式和年龄分列, 妇女和15岁及以上女童在过去12个月中遭到过亲密伴侣之外其他人的性暴力的比例, 按年龄组和发生地分列
  • 5.2.2
    有过伴侣的妇女和15岁及以上女童在过去12个月中遭到过现任或前任伴侣殴打、性暴力或心理暴力的比例, 按暴力形式和年龄分列, 妇女和15岁及以上女童在过去12个月中遭到过亲密伴侣之外其他人的性暴力的比例, 按年龄组和发生地分列
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
4.2.d
actively promote peace education through curricula and social communication in order to eradicate elements in traditional and cultural beliefs, practices and stereotypes which legitimise and exacerbate the persistence and tolerance of violence against women;
4.2.e
punish the perpetrators of violence against women and implement programmes for the rehabilitation of women victims;
4.2.f
establish mechanisms and accessible services for effective information, rehabilitation and reparation for victims of violence against women;
4.2.g
prevent and condemn trafficking in women, prosecute the perpetrators of such trafficking and protect those women most at risk;
4.2.i
provide adequate budgetary and other resources for the implementation and monitoring of actions aimed at preventing and eradicating violence against women;
3.3
States Parties shall adopt and implement appropriate measures to prohibit any exploitation or degradation of women.
3.4
States Parties shall adopt and implement appropriate measures to ensure the protection of every woman’s right to respect for her dignity and protection of women from all forms of violence, particularly sexual and verbal violence.
13
States Parties shall adopt and enforce legislative and other measures to guarantee women equal opportunities in work and career advancement and other economic opportunities. In this respect, they shall:
13.g
introduce a minimum age for work and prohibit the employment of children below that age, and prohibit, combat and punish all forms of exploitation of children, especially the girl-child;
DEVAW
消除对妇女暴力宣言
Comment 1
《消除对妇女的暴力行为宣言》整体相关。
UDHR
世界人权宣言
3
人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
7
任何人均不得加以酷刑或施以残忍的、不人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚。特别是对任何人均不得未经其自由同意而施以医药或科学试验。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
10.1
对作为社会的自然和基本的单元的家庭，特别是对于它的建立和当它负责照顾和教育未独立的儿童时，应给予尽可能广泛的保护和协助。缔婚必须经男女双方自由同意。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
22.2
各国应与土著人民共同采取措施，确保土著妇女和儿童获得充分的保护 和保障，免受一切形式的暴力和歧视。
CRC
儿童权利公约
19.1
缔约国应采取一切适当的立法、行政、社会和教育措施，保护儿童在受父母；法定监护人或其他任何负责照管儿童的人的照料时，不致受到任何形式的身心摧残、伤害或凌辱，忽视或照料不周，虐待或剥削，包括性侵犯。
19.2
这类保护性措施应酌情包括采取有效程序以建立社会方案，向儿童和负贵照管儿童的人提供必要的支助，采取其他预防形式，查明、报告、查询、调查、处理和追究前述的虐待儿童事件，以及在适当时进行司法干预。
2.2
缔约国应采取一切适当措施确保儿童得到保护，不受基于儿童父母、法定监护人或家庭成员的身份、活动、所表达的观点或信仰而加诸的一切形式的歧视或惩罚。
2.1
缔约国应遵守本公约所载列的权利，并确保其管辖范围内的每一儿童均享受此种权利，不因儿童或其父母或法定监护人的种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、民族、族裔或社会出身、财产、伤残、出生或其他身份而有任何差别。
34.a
引诱或强迫儿童从事任何非法的性生活。
34.b
利用儿童卖淫或从事其他非法的性行为。
34.c
利用儿童进行淫秽表演和充当淫秽题材。
35
缔约国应采取一切适当的国家、双边和多边措施，以防止为任何目的或以任何形式诱拐、买卖或贩运儿童。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
10
移徙工人或其家庭成员不应受到酷刑或残忍、不人道、有辱人格的待遇或处罚。
16.1
移徙工人及其家庭成员应有权享有人身自由和安全。
16.2
移徙工人及其家庭成员应有权受到国家的有效保护，以免遭到无论公务人员或个人、团体或机构施以暴力、身体伤害、威胁和恫吓。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
16.1
缔约国应当采取一切适当的立法、行政、社会、教育和其他措施，保护残疾人在家庭内外免遭一切形式的剥削、暴力和凌虐，包括基于性别的剥削、暴力和凌虐。
16.2
缔约国还应当采取一切适当措施防止一切形式的剥削、暴力和凌虐，除其他外，确保向残疾人及其家属和照护人提供考虑到性别和年龄的适当协助和支助，包括提供信息和教育，说明如何避免、识别和报告剥削、暴力和凌虐事件。缔约国应当确保保护服务考虑到年龄、性别和残疾因素。
16.3
为了防止发生任何形式的剥削、暴力和凌虐，缔约国应当确保所有用于为残疾人服务的设施和方案受到独立当局的有效监测。
5.3

消除童婚、早婚、逼婚及割礼等一切伤害行为。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.3.1
    20至24岁妇女中在15岁以前和18岁之前结婚或同居的妇女所占比例, 15至49岁女童和妇女中生殖器被残割/切割过的人所占比例, 按年龄分列
  • 5.3.2
    20至24岁妇女中在15岁以前和18岁之前结婚或同居的妇女所占比例, 15至49岁女童和妇女中生殖器被残割/切割过的人所占比例, 按年龄分列
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
5
States Parties shall prohibit and condemn all forms of harmful practices which negatively affect the human rights of women and which are contrary to recognised international standards. States Parties shall take all necessary legislative and other measures to eliminate such practices, including:
5.a
creation of public awareness in all sectors of society regarding harmful practices through information, formal and informal education and outreach programmes;
5.b
prohibition, through legislative measures backed by sanctions, of all forms of female genital mutilation, scarification, medicalisation and para-medicalisation of female genital mutilation and all other practices in order to eradicate them;
5.c
provision of necessary support to victims of harmful practices through basic services such as health services, legal and judicial support, emotional and psychological counselling as well as vocational training to make them self-supporting;
5.d
protection of women who are at risk of being subjected to harmful practices or all other forms of violence, abuse and intolerance.
6
States Parties shall ensure that women and men enjoy equal rights and are regarded as equal partners in marriage. They shall enact appropriate national legislative measures to guarantee that:
6.a
no marriage shall take place without the free and full consent of both parties;
6.b
the minimum age of marriage for women shall be 18 years;
2.1.c
integrate a gender perspective in their policy decisions, legislation, development plans, programmes and activities and in all other spheres of life;
2.1.d
take corrective and positive action in those areas where discrimination against women in law and in fact continues to exist;
13
States Parties shall adopt and enforce legislative and other measures to guarantee women equal opportunities in work and career advancement and other economic opportunities. In this respect, they shall:
13.g
introduce a minimum age for work and prohibit the employment of children below that age, and prohibit, combat and punish all forms of exploitation of children, especially the girl-child;
DEVAW
消除对妇女暴力宣言
2.a
在家庭内发生的身心方面和性方面的暴力行为，包括殴打、家庭中对女童的性凌虐、因嫁妆引起的暴力行为、配偶强奸、阴蒂割除和其他有害于妇女的传统习俗、非配偶的暴力行为和与剥削有关的暴力行为。
2.b
在社会上发生的身心方面和性方面的暴力行为，包括强奸、性凌虐、在工作场所、教育机构和其他场所的性骚扰和恫吓、贩卖妇女和强迫卖淫。
2.c
国家所作或纵容发生的身心方面和性方面的暴力行为，无论其在何处发生。
UDHR
世界人权宣言
16.1
成年男女，不受种族、国籍或宗教的任何限制，有权婚嫁和成立家庭。他们在婚姻方面，在结婚期间和在解除婚约时，应有平等的权利。
3
人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。
5
任何人不得加以酷刑，或施以残忍的、不人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
7
任何人均不得加以酷刑或施以残忍的、不人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚。特别是对任何人均不得未经其自由同意而施以医药或科学试验。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
10.1
对作为社会的自然和基本的单元的家庭，特别是对于它的建立和当它负责照顾和教育未独立的儿童时，应给予尽可能广泛的保护和协助。缔婚必须经男女双方自由同意。
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
5.b
人身安全及国家保护的权利以防强暴或身体上的伤害，不问其为政府官员所加抑为任何私人、团体或机关所加。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
22.2
各国应与土著人民共同采取措施，确保土著妇女和儿童获得充分的保护 和保障，免受一切形式的暴力和歧视。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
16.2
童年订婚和童婚应不具法律效力，并应采取一切必要行动，包括制订法律，规定结婚最低年龄，并规定婚姻必须向正式登记机构登记。
CRC
儿童权利公约
19.1
缔约国应采取一切适当的立法、行政、社会和教育措施，保护儿童在受父母；法定监护人或其他任何负责照管儿童的人的照料时，不致受到任何形式的身心摧残、伤害或凌辱，忽视或照料不周，虐待或剥削，包括性侵犯。
24.3
缔约国应致力采取一切有效和适当的措施，以期废除对儿童健康有害的传统习俗。
1
为本公约之目的，儿童系指18岁以下的任何人，除非对其适用之法律规定成年年龄少于18岁。
5.5

确保妇女全面有效参与各级政治、经济和公共生活的决策，并享有进入以上各级决策领导层的平等机会。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.5.1
    妇女在(a) 国家议会和(b) 地方政府席位中所占比例, 妇女在管理岗位任职的比例
  • 5.5.2
    妇女在(a) 国家议会和(b) 地方政府席位中所占比例, 妇女在管理岗位任职的比例
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
2.1.c
integrate a gender perspective in their policy decisions, legislation, development plans, programmes and activities and in all other spheres of life;
2.1.d
take corrective and positive action in those areas where discrimination against women in law and in fact continues to exist;
2.1.e
support the local, national, regional and continental initiatives directed at eradicating all forms of discrimination against women.
9.1
States Parties shall take specific positive action to promote participative governance and the equal participation of women in the political life of their countries through affirmative action, enabling national legislation and other measures to ensure that:
9.1.a
women participate without any discrimination in all elections;
9.1.b
women are represented equally at all levels with men in all electoral processes;
9.1.c
women are equal partners with men at all levels of development and implementation of State policies and development programmes.
9.2
States Parties shall ensure increased and effective representation and participation of women at all levels of decision-making.
17.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to enhance the participation of women in the formulation of cultural policies at all levels.
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.a
ensure greater participation of women in the planning, management and preservation of the environment and the sustainable use of natural resources at all levels;
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.b
ensure participation of women at all levels in the conceptualisation, decision-making, implementation and evaluation of development policies and programmes;
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
3
为实现本《公约》的目标和履行本《公约》各项规定，缔约方除其他外应以下列为指导：
3.a
缔约方应当确保群众和地方社区参与关于防治荒漠化和／或缓解干旱影响的方案的设计和实施决策，并在较高各级为便利国家和地方两级采取行动创造一种扶持环境；
5
除根据第四条应承担的义务之外，受影响国家缔约方承诺：
5.d
在防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响的工作中，在非政府组织的支持下，提高当地群众尤其 是妇女和青年的认识，并为他们的参与提供便利；以及
10.2
国家行动方案应当明确指出政府、地方社区和土地使用者各自的作用，同时确定可得到 的和需要的资源。国家行动方案除其他外应：
10.2.f
设法在地方、国家和区域各级让非政府组织和当地男女群众，特别是资源的使用者， 包括农民和牧民及他们的代表组织，有效参与国家行动方案的政策规划、决策、实施 和审查；以及
UDHR
世界人权宣言
21.1
人人有直接或通过自由选择的代表参与治理本国的权利。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
25.b
在真正的定期的选举中选举和被选举，这种选举应是普遍的和平等的并以无记名投票方式进行，以保证选举人的意志的自由表达；
25.a
直接或通过自由选择的代表参与公共事务；
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
5.c
政治权利，其尤著者为依据普遍平等投票权参与选举——选举与竞选——参加政府以及参加处理任何等级的公务与同等服公务的权利。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
7.a
在一切选举和公民投票中有选举权，并在一切民选机构有被选举权。
7.b
参加政府政策的制订及其执行，并担任各级政府公职，执行一切公务。
5.c

采用和加强合理的政策和有执行力的立法，促进性别平等，在各级增强妇女和女童权能。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.c.1
    已建立制度来追踪并拨付公共款项用于性别平等和增强妇女权能的国家所占比例
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
2.1.c
integrate a gender perspective in their policy decisions, legislation, development plans, programmes and activities and in all other spheres of life;
2.1.d
take corrective and positive action in those areas where discrimination against women in law and in fact continues to exist;
2.1.e
support the local, national, regional and continental initiatives directed at eradicating all forms of discrimination against women.
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
10
本公约缔约各国承认：
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
3
缔约各国应承担在所有领域，特别是在政治、社会、经济、文化领域，采取一切适当措施，包括制定法律，保证妇女得到充分发展和进步，其目的是为确保她们在与男子平等的基础上，行使和享有人权和基本自由。
18.1.a
在公约对本国生效后一年内提出，并且
18.1.b
自此以后，至少每四年并随时在委员会的请求下提出。
18.2
报告中得指出影响本公约规定义务的履行的各种因素和困难。
5.1

在全球消除对妇女和女童一切形式的歧视。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.1.1
    是否已制定法律框架来促进、推行和监督实现平等和无性别歧视
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
2.2
States Parties shall commit themselves to modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct of women and men through public education, information, education and communication strategies, with a view to achieving the elimination of harmful cultural and traditional practices and all other practices which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes, or on stereotyped roles for women and men.
DEVAW
消除对妇女暴力宣言
4.f
应全面拟定能促进保护妇女免受任何形式暴力行为伤害的预防性方法和各种法律、政治、行政及文化性质的措施，并确保不致因法律、执法方式或其他干预行动方面缺乏性别敏感性而出现使妇女再次受伤害的情况。
UDHR
世界人权宣言
2
人人有资格享受本宣言所载的一切权利和自由，不分种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身份等任何区别。并且不得因一人所属的国家或领土的政治的、行政的或者国际的地位之不同而有所区别，无论该领土是独立领土、托管领土、非自治领土或者处于其他任何主权受限制的情况之下。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在享有本公约所载一切公民和政治权利方面有平等的权利。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
2.2
本公约缔约各国承担保证，本公约所宣布的权利应予普遍行使，而不得有例如种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身分等任何区分。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
22.2
各国应与土著人民共同采取措施，确保土著妇女和儿童获得充分的保护 和保障，免受一切形式的暴力和歧视。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
3
缔约各国应承担在所有领域，特别是在政治、社会、经济、文化领域，采取一切适当措施，包括制定法律，保证妇女得到充分发展和进步，其目的是为确保她们在与男子平等的基础上，行使和享有人权和基本自由。
6
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，包括制定法律，以禁止一切形式贩卖妇女和强迫妇女卖淫对她们进行剥削的行为。
2.a
男女平等的原则如尚未列入本国宪法或其他有关法律者，应将其列入，并以法律或其他适当方法，保证实现这项原则。
2.b
采取适当立法和其他措施，包括适当时采取制裁，禁止对妇女的一切歧视。
2.c
为妇女与男子平等的权利确立法律保护，通过各国的主管法庭及其他公共机构，保证切实保护妇女不受任何歧视。
2.f
应采取一切适当措施，包括制定法律，以修改或废除构成对妇女歧视的现行法律、规章、习俗和惯例。
15.1
缔约各国应给予男女在法律面前平等的地位。
15.2
缔约各国应在公民事务上，给予妇女与男子同等的法律行为能力，以及行使这种行为能力的相同机会。特别应给予妇女签订合同和管理财产的平等权利，并在法院和法庭诉讼的各个阶段给予平等待遇。
15.3
缔约各国同意，旨在限制妇女法律行为能力的所有合同和其他任何具有法律效力的私人文书，应一律视为无效。
15.4
缔约各国在有关人身移动和自由择居的法律方面，应给予男女相同的权利。
5.6

根据《国际人口与发展会议行动纲领》、《北京行动纲领》及其历次审查会议的成果文件，确保普遍享有性和生殖健康以及生殖权利。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.6.1
    15至49岁妇女就性关系、使用避孕药具和生殖保健问题自己做出知情决定的比例, 已制定法律规章确保15岁及以上的男女充分和平等享有获得性与生殖保健、信息和教育机会的国家数目
  • 5.6.2
    15至49岁妇女就性关系、使用避孕药具和生殖保健问题自己做出知情决定的比例, 已制定法律规章确保15岁及以上的男女充分和平等享有获得性与生殖保健、信息和教育机会的国家数目
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
14.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
14.2.a
provide adequate, affordable and accessible health services, including information, education and communication programmes to women especially those in rural areas;
14.2.b
establish and strengthen existing pre-natal, delivery and post-natal health and nutritional services for women during pregnancy and while they are breast-feeding;
14.2.c
protect the reproductive rights of women by authorising medical abortion in cases of sexual assault, rape, incest, and where the continued pregnancy endangers the mental and physical health of the mother or the life of the mother or the foetus.
14.1
States Parties shall ensure that the right to health of women, including sexual and reproductive health is respected and promoted. This includes:
14.1.a
the right to control their fertility;
14.1.b
the right to decide whether to have children, the number of children and the spacing of children;
14.1.c
the right to choose any method of contraception;
14.1.d
the right to self-protection and to be protected against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS;
14.1.e
the right to be informed on one's health status and on the health status of one's partner, particularly if affected with sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, in accordance with internationally recognised standards and best practices;
14.1.f
the right to have family planning education.
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
7
任何人均不得加以酷刑或施以残忍的、不人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚。特别是对任何人均不得未经其自由同意而施以医药或科学试验。
17.1
任何人的私生活、家庭、住宅或通信不得加以任意或非法干涉，他人的荣誉和名誉不得加以非法攻击。
17.2
人人有权享受法律保护，以免受这种干涉或攻击。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
12.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。
12.2.a
减低死胎率和婴儿死亡率，和使儿童得到健康的发育；
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
14.2.b
有权利用充分的保健设施，包括计划生育方面的知识、辅导和服务。
12.1
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除在保健方面对妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上取得各种保健服务，包括有关计划生育的保健服务。
12.2
尽管有本条第1款的规定，缔约各国应保证为妇女提供有关怀孕、分娩和产后期间的适当服务，于必要时给予免费服务，并保证在怀孕和哺乳期间得到充分营养。
5.b
保证家庭教育应包括正确了解母性的社会功能和确认教养子女是父母的共同责任，但了解到在任何情况下应首先考虑子女的利益。
16.1.e
有相同的权利自由负责地决定子女人数和生育间隔，并有机会获得使她们能够行使这种权利的知识、教育和方法。
CRC
儿童权利公约
24.1
缔约国确认儿童有权享有可达到的最商标准的健康，并享有医疗和康复设施；缔约国应努力确保没有任何儿童被剥夺获得这种保健服务的权利。
24.2.f
开展预防保健、对父母的指导以及计划生育教育和服务。
34.a
引诱或强迫儿童从事任何非法的性生活。
34.b
利用儿童卖淫或从事其他非法的性行为。
34.c
利用儿童进行淫秽表演和充当淫秽题材。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
28
移徙工人及家庭成员应有权按与有关国家国民同等的待遇接受维持其生命或避免对其健康的不可弥补的损害而迫切需要的任何医疗。不得以他们在逗留或就业方面有任何不正常情况为由，而拒绝给予此种紧急医疗。
43.1.e
享受社会服务和保健服务，但需符合参加各该种计划的规定。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
25.a
向残疾人提供其他人享有的，在范围、质量和标准方面相同的免费或费用低廉的医疗保健服务和方案，包括在性健康和生殖健康及全民公共卫生方案方面。
23.1.b
残疾人自由、负责任地决定子女人数和生育间隔，获得适龄信息、生殖教育和计划生育教育的权利获得承认，并提供必要手段使残疾人能够行使这些权利。
5.a

根据各国法律进行改革，给予妇女平等获取经济资源的权利，以及享有对土地和其他形式财产的所有权和控制权，获取金融服务、遗产和自然资源。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.a.1
    (a)农业总人口中对农业用地拥有所有权或有保障权利的人口比例, 按性别分列；(b)农业用地所有人或权利人中妇女所占比例, 按土地保有类型分列, 包括习惯法在内的国家法律框架保障妇女有权平等享有土地所有权和(或)控制权的国家所占比例
  • 5.a.2
    (a)农业总人口中对农业用地拥有所有权或有保障权利的人口比例, 按性别分列；(b)农业用地所有人或权利人中妇女所占比例, 按土地保有类型分列, 包括习惯法在内的国家法律框架保障妇女有权平等享有土地所有权和(或)控制权的国家所占比例
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
15
States Parties shall ensure that women have the right to nutritious and adequate food. In this regard, they shall take appropriate measures to:
15.a
provide women with access to clean drinking water, sources of domestic fuel, land, and the means of producing nutritious food;
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.c
promote women’s access to and control over productive resources such as land and guarantee their right to property;
19.d
promote women’s access to credit, training, skills development and extension services at rural and urban levels in order to provide women with a higher quality of life and reduce the level of poverty among women;
19.e
take into account indicators of human development specifically relating to women in the elaboration of development policies and programmes;
21.1
A widow shall have the right to an equitable share in the inheritance of the property of her husband. A widow shall have the right to continue to live in the matrimonial house. In case of remarriage, she shall retain this right if the house belongs to her or she has inherited it.
21.2
Women and men shall have the right to inherit, in equitable shares, their parents' properties
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.j
Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
10
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.d
Support local populations to develop and implement remedial action in degraded areas where biological diversity has been reduced;
11
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, adopt economically and socially sound measures that act as incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of components of biological diversity.
10.c
Protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements;
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
16
The Parties agree, according to their respective capabilities, to integrate and coordinate the collection, analysis and exchange of relevant short term and long term data and information to ensure systematic observation of land degradation in affected areas and to understand better and assess the processes and effects of drought and desertification. This would help accomplish, inter alia, early warning and advance planning for periods of adverse climatic variation in a form suited for practical application by users at all levels, including especially local populations. To this end, they shall, as appropriate:
16.g
缔约方同意根据各自能力综合和协调有关长、短期数据及信息的收集、分析和交流工作， 确保有系统地观察受影响地区土地退化情况，更好地了解和评价干旱和荒漠化的过程和影 响。除其他外，这将可以用适合所有各级用户，包括尤其是以当地群众能够实际应用的形 式，对不利的气候变异时期提供早期预警和先期规划。为此，它们应酌情：
5
除根据第四条应承担的义务之外，受影响国家缔约方承诺：
5.d
在防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响的工作中，在非政府组织的支持下，提高当地群众尤其 是妇女和青年的认识，并为他们的参与提供便利；以及
10.2
国家行动方案应当明确指出政府、地方社区和土地使用者各自的作用，同时确定可得到 的和需要的资源。国家行动方案除其他外应：
10.2.f
设法在地方、国家和区域各级让非政府组织和当地男女群众，特别是资源的使用者， 包括农民和牧民及他们的代表组织，有效参与国家行动方案的政策规划、决策、实施 和审查；以及
UDHR
世界人权宣言
17.1
人人有权享有单独的财产所有权以及同他人合有的所有权。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
5.d.v
单独占有及与他人合有财产的权利。
5.d.vi
继承权。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
2.a
男女平等的原则如尚未列入本国宪法或其他有关法律者，应将其列入，并以法律或其他适当方法，保证实现这项原则。
2.b
采取适当立法和其他措施，包括适当时采取制裁，禁止对妇女的一切歧视。
2.c
为妇女与男子平等的权利确立法律保护，通过各国的主管法庭及其他公共机构，保证切实保护妇女不受任何歧视。
14.2.g
有权取得农业信贷，利用销售设施，获得适当技术，并在土地改革和土地垦植计划方面享有平等待遇。
16.1.h
配偶双方在财产的所有、取得、经营、管理、享有、处置方面，不论是无偿的或是收取价值酬报的，都具有相同的权利。
5.4

认可和尊重无偿护理和家务，各国可视本国情况提供公共服务、基础设施和社会保护政策，在家庭内部提倡责任共担。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.4.1
    用于无薪酬家务和护理工作的时间所占比例, 按性别、年龄和地点分列
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
13
States Parties shall adopt and enforce legislative and other measures to guarantee women equal opportunities in work and career advancement and other economic opportunities. In this respect, they shall:
13.h
take the necessary measures to recognise the economic value of the work of women in the home;
13.l
recognise that both parents bear the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of children and that this is a social function for which the State and the private sector have secondary responsibility;
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
7
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享受公正或良好的工作条件，特别要保证：
9
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享受社会保障，包括社会保险。
10.1
对作为社会的自然和基本的单元的家庭，特别是对于它的建立和当它负责照顾和教育未独立的儿童时，应给予尽可能广泛的保护和协助。缔婚必须经男女双方自由同意。
10.2
对母亲，在产前和产后的合理期间，应给以特别保护。在此期间，对有工作的母亲应给以给薪休假或有适当社会保障福利金的休假。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
14,1
缔约各国应考虑到农村妇女面对的特殊问题和她们对家庭生计包括她们在经济体系中无金钱交易的部门的工作方面所发挥的重要作用，并应采取一切适当措施，保证对农村地区妇女适用本公约的各项规定。
ILO 156
有家庭责任工人公约，1981（第156号）
ILO 156
为了创造男女工人机会和待遇的有效平等，公约要求各会员国应把此事当作国家政策的一项目标，使有家务负担的工人，无论是已经就业的、或者准备就业的，能不受歧视地行使其就业权利， 并最大限度地避免就业和家庭之间的冲突。该公约还要求各国政府在社区规划和发展的时候考虑有家庭负担的工人的需要，发展或者促进公共的或者个人的社区服务，比如儿童保育和家庭服务和设施。
5.b

加强技术特别是信息和通信技术的应用，以增强妇女权能。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 5.b.1
    拥有移动电话的人口比例, 按性别分列
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.b
promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women's access to, and participation in their control;
UDHR
世界人权宣言
27.1
人人有权自由参加社会的文化生活，享受艺术，并分享科学进步及其产生的福利。
19
人人有权享有主张和发表意见的自由；此项权利包括持有主张而不受干涉的自由；和通过任何媒介和不论国界寻求、接受和传递消息和思想的自由。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
19.1
人人有权持有主张，不受干涉。
19.2
人人有自由发表意见的权利；此项权利包括寻求、接受和传递各种消息和思想的自由，而不论国界，也不论口头的、书写的、印刷的、采取艺术形式的、或通过他所选择的任何其他媒介。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
14.2.h
享受适当的生活条件，特别是在住房、卫生、水电供应、交通和通讯方面。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
4.1.g
从事或促进研究和开发适合残疾人的新技术，并促进提供和使用这些新技术，包括信息和通信技术、助行器具、用品、辅助技术，优先考虑价格低廉的技术。
9.2.g
促使残疾人有机会使用新的信息和通信技术和系统，包括。
9.2.h
促进在早期阶段设计、开发、生产、推行无障碍信息和通信技术和系统，以便能以最低成本使这些技术和系统无障碍。
21.a
以无障碍模式和适合不同类别残疾的技术，及时向残疾人提供公共信息，不另收费。
21.b
在正式事务中允许和便利使用手语、盲文、辅助和替代性交流方式及残疾人选用的其他一切无障碍交流手段、方式和模式。
21.c
敦促向公众提供服务，包括通过因特网提供服务的私营实体，以无障碍和残疾人可以使用的模式提供信息和服务。
21.d
鼓励包括因特网信息提供商在内的大众媒体向残疾人提供无障碍服务。
21.e
承认和推动手语的使用。
清洁饮用水和环卫设施

清洁饮用水和环卫设施

 6.5

到2030年，在各级进行水资源综合管理，包括酌情开展跨境合作。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 6.5.1
    水资源综合管理的程度, 制定有水合作业务安排的跨界流域的比例
  • 6.5.2
    水资源综合管理的程度, 制定有水合作业务安排的跨界流域的比例
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
6.6

到2020年，保护和恢复与水有关的生态系统，包括山地、森林、湿地、河流、地下含水层和湖泊。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 6.6.1
    与水有关的生态系统范围随时间的变化
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
9.1
Each Party shall guarantee a safe and enabling environment for persons, groups and organizations that promote and defend human rights in environmental matters, so that they are able to act free from threat, restriction and insecurity
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.8
Each Party shall encourage independent environmental performance reviews that take into account nationally or internationally agreed criteria and guides and common indicators, with a view to evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness and progress of its national environmental policies in fulfilment of their national and international commitments. The reviews shall include participation by the various stakeholders.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.5
Each Party shall guarantee that in the case of an imminent threat to public health or the environment, the relevant competent authority shall immediately disclose and disseminate through the most effective means all pertinent information in its possession that could help the public take measures to prevent or limit potential damage. Each Party shall develop and implement an early warning system using available mechanisms.
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.b

支持和加强地方社区参与改进水和环境卫生管理。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 6.b.1
    已经制定业务政策和流程以促进当地社区参与水和环境卫生管理的地方行政单位的比例
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
7.1
Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
6.4

到2030年，所有行业大幅提高用水效率，确保可持续取用和供应淡水，以解决缺水问题，大幅减少缺水人数。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 6.4.1
    按时间列出的用水效率变化, 用水紧张程度：淡水汲取量占可用淡水资源的比例
  • 6.4.2
    按时间列出的用水效率变化, 用水紧张程度：淡水汲取量占可用淡水资源的比例
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
6.9
Each Party shall promote access to environmental information contained in concessions, contracts, agreements or authorizations granted, which involve the use of public goods, services or resources, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.a

到2030年，扩大向发展中国家提供的国际合作和能力建设支持，帮助它们开展与水和卫生有关的活动和方案，包括雨水采集、海水淡化、提高用水效率、废水处理、水回收和再利用技术。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 6.a.1
    作为政府协调开支计划组成部分的与水和环境卫生有关的官方发展援助数额
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
6.3

到2030年，通过以下方式改善水质：减少污染，消除倾倒废物现象，把危险化学品和材料的排放减少到最低限度，将未经处理废水比例减半，大幅增加全球废物回收和安全再利用。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 6.3.1
    安全处理废水的比例, 环境水质良好的水体比例
  • 6.3.2
    安全处理废水的比例, 环境水质良好的水体比例
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.8
Each Party shall encourage independent environmental performance reviews that take into account nationally or internationally agreed criteria and guides and common indicators, with a view to evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness and progress of its national environmental policies in fulfilment of their national and international commitments. The reviews shall include participation by the various stakeholders.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.5
Each Party shall guarantee that in the case of an imminent threat to public health or the environment, the relevant competent authority shall immediately disclose and disseminate through the most effective means all pertinent information in its possession that could help the public take measures to prevent or limit potential damage. Each Party shall develop and implement an early warning system using available mechanisms.
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
6.1

到2030年，人人普遍和公平获得安全和负担得起的饮用水。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 6.1.1
    使用得到安全管理的饮用水服务的人口比例
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
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