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公正、和谐和包容社会

公正、和谐和包容社会

 16.1

在全球大幅减少一切形式的暴力和相关的死亡率。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.1.2
    每10万人中与冲突有关的死亡人数，按性别、年龄和死因分列, 在居住区单独步行感到安全的人口比例, 每10万人中故意杀人案的受害者人数(按年龄组和性别分列), 过去12个月内遭受(a) 身体暴力(b) 心理暴力和(c) 性暴力的人口所占的比例
  • 16.1.4
    每10万人中与冲突有关的死亡人数，按性别、年龄和死因分列, 在居住区单独步行感到安全的人口比例, 每10万人中故意杀人案的受害者人数(按年龄组和性别分列), 过去12个月内遭受(a) 身体暴力(b) 心理暴力和(c) 性暴力的人口所占的比例
  • 16.1.1
    每10万人中与冲突有关的死亡人数，按性别、年龄和死因分列, 在居住区单独步行感到安全的人口比例, 每10万人中故意杀人案的受害者人数(按年龄组和性别分列), 过去12个月内遭受(a) 身体暴力(b) 心理暴力和(c) 性暴力的人口所占的比例
  • 16.1.3
    每10万人中与冲突有关的死亡人数，按性别、年龄和死因分列, 在居住区单独步行感到安全的人口比例, 每10万人中故意杀人案的受害者人数(按年龄组和性别分列), 过去12个月内遭受(a) 身体暴力(b) 心理暴力和(c) 性暴力的人口所占的比例
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
8.3.f
mechanisms to execute and enforce judicial and administrative decisions in a timely manner; and
8.3.f
mechanisms to execute and enforce judicial and administrative decisions in a timely manner; and
8.3.g
mechanisms for redress, where applicable, such as restitution to the condition prior to the damage, restoration, compensation or payment of a financial penalty, satisfaction, guarantees of non-repetition, assistance for affected persons and financial instruments to support redress.
8.3.g
mechanisms for redress, where applicable, such as restitution to the condition prior to the damage, restoration, compensation or payment of a financial penalty, satisfaction, guarantees of non-repetition, assistance for affected persons and financial instruments to support redress.
8.4
To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4
To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.a
measures to minimize or eliminate barriers to the exercise of the right of access to justice;
8.4.a
measures to minimize or eliminate barriers to the exercise of the right of access to justice;
8.4.b
means to publicize the right of access to justice and the procedures to ensure its effectiveness;
8.4.b
means to publicize the right of access to justice and the procedures to ensure its effectiveness;
8.4.c
mechanisms to systematize and disseminate judicial and administrative decisions, as appropriate; and
8.4.c
mechanisms to systematize and disseminate judicial and administrative decisions, as appropriate; and
8.4.d
the use of interpretation or translation of languages other than the official languages when necessary for the exercise of that right.
8.4.d
the use of interpretation or translation of languages other than the official languages when necessary for the exercise of that right.
8.5
In order to give effect to the right of access to justice, each Party shall meet the needs of persons or groups in vulnerable situations by establishing support mechanisms, including, as appropriate, free technical and legal assistance.
8.5
In order to give effect to the right of access to justice, each Party shall meet the needs of persons or groups in vulnerable situations by establishing support mechanisms, including, as appropriate, free technical and legal assistance.
8.6
Each Party shall ensure that the judicial and administrative decisions adopted in environmental matters and their legal grounds are set out in writing
8.6
Each Party shall ensure that the judicial and administrative decisions adopted in environmental matters and their legal grounds are set out in writing
8.7
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in environmental matters, such as mediation, conciliation or other means that allow such disputes to be prevented or resolved.
8.7
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in environmental matters, such as mediation, conciliation or other means that allow such disputes to be prevented or resolved.
9.1
Each Party shall guarantee a safe and enabling environment for persons, groups and organizations that promote and defend human rights in environmental matters, so that they are able to act free from threat, restriction and insecurity
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3.g
climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7.b
national actions to fulfil environmental legal obligations;
6.7.c
advances in the implementation of the access rights; and
6.7.d
collaboration agreements among public, social and private sectors.
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.3.j
information on the imposition of administrative sanctions in environmental matters.
4.6
Each Party shall guarantee an enabling environment for the work of persons, associations, organizations or groups that promote environmental protection, by recognizing and protecting them.
4.10
The Parties may promote knowledge of the provisions of the present Agreement in other international forums related to environmental matters, in accordance with the rules of each forum.
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
4.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement.
4.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement.
4.2
Each Party shall ensure that the rights recognized in the present Agreement are freely exercised.
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
5.18
Each Party shall establish or designate one or more impartial entities or institutions with autonomy and independence to promote transparency in access to environmental information, to oversee compliance with rules, and monitor, report on and guarantee the right of access to information. Each Party may consider including or strengthening, as appropriate, sanctioning powers within the scope of the responsibilities of the aforementioned entities or institutions.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.2
The competent authorities shall endeavour to ensure, to the extent possible, that environmental information is reusable, processable and available in formats that are accessible, and that no restrictions are placed on its reproduction or use, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3.a
the texts of treaties and international agreements, as well as environmental laws, regulations and administrative acts;
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
8.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the guarantees of due process.
8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.a
any decision, action or omission related to the access to environmental information;
8.2.a
any decision, action or omission related to the access to environmental information;
8.2.b
any decision, action or omission related to public participation in the decision-making process regarding environmental matters;
8.2.b
any decision, action or omission related to public participation in the decision-making process regarding environmental matters;
8.2.c
any other decision, action or omission that affects or could affect the environment adversely or violate laws and regulations related to the environment.
8.2.c
any other decision, action or omission that affects or could affect the environment adversely or violate laws and regulations related to the environment.
8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.a
competent State entities with access to expertise in environmental matters;
9.2
Each Party shall take adequate and effective measures to recognize, protect and promote all the rights of human rights defenders in environmental matters, including their right to life, personal integrity, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association, and free movement, as well as their ability to exercise their access rights, taking into account its international obligations in the field of human rights, its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system.
9.3
Each Party shall also take appropriate, effective and timely measures to prevent, investigate and punish attacks, threats or intimidations that human rights defenders in environmental matters may suffer while exercising the rights set out in the present Agreement.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
2.1
任何人的生命权应当受到法律的保护。不得故
意剥夺任何人的生命，但是，法院依法对他所犯的
罪行定罪并付诸执行的除外。
3
不得对任何人施以酷刑或者是使其受到非人道的 或者是有损人格的待遇或者是惩罚。
16.3

在国家和国际层面促进法治，确保所有人都有平等诉诸司法的机会。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.3.3
    过去两年中发生争端且获得正式或非正式争端解决机
    制的人口的比例，按机制种类分列, 过去12个月内向主管当局或其他官方认可的冲突解决机制报告其受害经历的暴力行为受害者所占比例, 未判刑的被拘留者占监狱服刑总人口的百分比
  • 16.3.1
    过去两年中发生争端且获得正式或非正式争端解决机
    制的人口的比例，按机制种类分列, 过去12个月内向主管当局或其他官方认可的冲突解决机制报告其受害经历的暴力行为受害者所占比例, 未判刑的被拘留者占监狱服刑总人口的百分比
  • 16.3.2
    过去两年中发生争端且获得正式或非正式争端解决机
    制的人口的比例，按机制种类分列, 过去12个月内向主管当局或其他官方认可的冲突解决机制报告其受害经历的暴力行为受害者所占比例, 未判刑的被拘留者占监狱服刑总人口的百分比
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
8.3.f
mechanisms to execute and enforce judicial and administrative decisions in a timely manner; and
8.3.g
mechanisms for redress, where applicable, such as restitution to the condition prior to the damage, restoration, compensation or payment of a financial penalty, satisfaction, guarantees of non-repetition, assistance for affected persons and financial instruments to support redress.
8.4
To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.a
measures to minimize or eliminate barriers to the exercise of the right of access to justice;
8.4.b
means to publicize the right of access to justice and the procedures to ensure its effectiveness;
8.4.c
mechanisms to systematize and disseminate judicial and administrative decisions, as appropriate; and
8.4.d
the use of interpretation or translation of languages other than the official languages when necessary for the exercise of that right.
8.5
In order to give effect to the right of access to justice, each Party shall meet the needs of persons or groups in vulnerable situations by establishing support mechanisms, including, as appropriate, free technical and legal assistance.
8.6
Each Party shall ensure that the judicial and administrative decisions adopted in environmental matters and their legal grounds are set out in writing
8.7
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in environmental matters, such as mediation, conciliation or other means that allow such disputes to be prevented or resolved.
9.1
Each Party shall guarantee a safe and enabling environment for persons, groups and organizations that promote and defend human rights in environmental matters, so that they are able to act free from threat, restriction and insecurity
9.2
Each Party shall take adequate and effective measures to recognize, protect and promote all the rights of human rights defenders in environmental matters, including their right to life, personal integrity, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association, and free movement, as well as their ability to exercise their access rights, taking into account its international obligations in the field of human rights, its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system.
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
5.18
Each Party shall establish or designate one or more impartial entities or institutions with autonomy and independence to promote transparency in access to environmental information, to oversee compliance with rules, and monitor, report on and guarantee the right of access to information. Each Party may consider including or strengthening, as appropriate, sanctioning powers within the scope of the responsibilities of the aforementioned entities or institutions.
8.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the guarantees of due process.
8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.a
any decision, action or omission related to the access to environmental information;
8.2.b
any decision, action or omission related to public participation in the decision-making process regarding environmental matters;
8.2.c
any other decision, action or omission that affects or could affect the environment adversely or violate laws and regulations related to the environment.
8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
9.3
Each Party shall also take appropriate, effective and timely measures to prevent, investigate and punish attacks, threats or intimidations that human rights defenders in environmental matters may suffer while exercising the rights set out in the present Agreement.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
5.1
每个人都享有自由和人身安全的权利。不得剥
夺任何人的自由，除非依照法律规定的程序在下列
情况中：
5.1.a
由具有管辖权的法院定罪后对某个人的合法
监禁；
5.1.b
由于不遵守法院合法的命令或者为了保证履 行法律所规定的任何义务而对某人予以合法 逮捕或者监禁；
5.1.c
如果有理由足以怀疑某人实施了犯罪行为或
者如果合理地认为有必要防止某人犯罪或者
是在某人犯罪后防止其脱逃，为了将其送交
有关的法律当局而对其实施的合法的逮捕或
者监禁；
5.1.d
基于实行教育性监督的目的而根据合法命令
监禁一个未成年人或者为了将其送交有关的
法律当局而对其予以合法的监禁；
5.1.e
基于防止传染病蔓延的目的而对某人予以合
法的监禁以及对精神失常者、酗酒者或者是
吸毒者或者流氓予以合法的监禁；
5.1.f
为防止某人未经许可进入国境或者为押送出
境或者是引渡而对某人采取行动并予以合法
的逮捕或者监禁。
5.2
应当以被逮捕的任何人所了解的语言立即通知他被逮捕的理由以及被指控的罪名。
5.3
依照本条第 1 款第 3 项的规定而被逮捕或者拘留的任何人，应当立即送交法官或者是其他经法律授权行使司法权的官员，并应当在合理的时间内进行审理或者在审理前予以释放。释放应当以担保出庭候审为条件。
5.4
因被逮捕或者拘留而被剥夺自由的任何人应当有权运用司法程序，法院应当依照司法程序对他被拘留的合法性作出决定，如果拘留是不合法的，则应当命令将其释放。
5.5
由于违反本条规定而被逮捕或者拘留的任何人应当具有可以得到执行的受赔偿的权利。
6.1
在决定某人的公民权利和义务或者在决定对某人确定任何刑事罪名时，任何人有理由在合理的时间内受到依法设立的独立而公正的法院的公平且公开的审讯。判决应当公开宣布。但是，基于对民主社会中的道德、公共秩序或者国家安全的利益，以及对民主社会中的少年的利益或者是保护当事人的私生活权利的考虑，或者是法院认为，在特殊情况下，如果公开审讯将损害公平利益的话，可以拒绝记者和公众参与旁听全部或者部分审讯。
6.2
凡受刑事罪指控者在未经依法证明为有罪之前，应当推定为无罪。
6.3
凡受刑事罪指控者具有下列最低限度的权利：
6.3.a
以他所了解的语言立即详细地通知他被指控
罪名的性质以及被指控的原因；
6.3.b
应当有适当的时间和便利条件为辩护作准
备；
6.3.c
由他本人或者由他自己选择的律师协助替自
己辩护，或者如果他无力支付法律协助费用
的，则基于公平利益考虑，应当免除他的有
关费用；
6.3.d
询问不利于他的证人，并在与不利于他的证
人具有相同的条件下，让有利于他的证人出
庭接受询问；
6.3.e
如果他不懂或者不会讲法院所使用的工作语
言，可以请求免费的译员协助翻译。
7.1
任何人的作为或者不作为，在其发生时根据本国的国内法或者是国际法不构成刑事犯罪的，不得认为其犯有任何罪刑。所处刑罚不得重于犯罪时所适用的刑罚。
13
在依照本公约规定所享有的权利和自由受到侵犯时，任何人有权向有关国家机构请求有效的救济，即使上述侵权行为是由担任公职的人所实施的。
ECHR Protocol No. 6
Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1
死刑应予废除。任何人不应被判处死刑或被处
死。
ECHR Protocol No. 7
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1.1
一个合法居住在某国领土内的外国人不应被从
该领土驱逐，除非依据一项根据法律所做出的决
定。并且应当允许该外国人：
1.1.a
تقديم الأسباب التي تشهد ضد طرده،
1.1.b
طلب النظر في قضيته،
1.1.c
由代理人代其向有权机关或该机关指定的个
人提出上述要求。
1.2
若基于公共秩序所必需或者基于国家安全方面的理由，可以在外国人行使其在本条第1款(a), (b)和(c)项下的权利之前被驱逐。
16.6

在各级建立有效、负责和透明的机构。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.6.2
    对上一次公共服务体验感到满意的人口比例, 政府基本支出占初始核定预算的百分比，按部门(或预算编码或类似分类码)分列
  • 16.6.1
    对上一次公共服务体验感到满意的人口比例, 政府基本支出占初始核定预算的百分比，按部门(或预算编码或类似分类码)分列
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
8.3.g
mechanisms for redress, where applicable, such as restitution to the condition prior to the damage, restoration, compensation or payment of a financial penalty, satisfaction, guarantees of non-repetition, assistance for affected persons and financial instruments to support redress.
8.4
To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.a
measures to minimize or eliminate barriers to the exercise of the right of access to justice;
8.4.b
means to publicize the right of access to justice and the procedures to ensure its effectiveness;
8.4.c
mechanisms to systematize and disseminate judicial and administrative decisions, as appropriate; and
8.4.d
the use of interpretation or translation of languages other than the official languages when necessary for the exercise of that right.
8.5
In order to give effect to the right of access to justice, each Party shall meet the needs of persons or groups in vulnerable situations by establishing support mechanisms, including, as appropriate, free technical and legal assistance.
8.6
Each Party shall ensure that the judicial and administrative decisions adopted in environmental matters and their legal grounds are set out in writing
8.7
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in environmental matters, such as mediation, conciliation or other means that allow such disputes to be prevented or resolved.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
4.4
With the aim of contributing to the effective application of the present Agreement, each Party shall provide the public with information to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on access rights.
4.5
Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
5.18
Each Party shall establish or designate one or more impartial entities or institutions with autonomy and independence to promote transparency in access to environmental information, to oversee compliance with rules, and monitor, report on and guarantee the right of access to information. Each Party may consider including or strengthening, as appropriate, sanctioning powers within the scope of the responsibilities of the aforementioned entities or institutions.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.a
any decision, action or omission related to the access to environmental information;
8.2.b
any decision, action or omission related to public participation in the decision-making process regarding environmental matters;
8.2.c
any other decision, action or omission that affects or could affect the environment adversely or violate laws and regulations related to the environment.
8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
9.2
Each Party shall take adequate and effective measures to recognize, protect and promote all the rights of human rights defenders in environmental matters, including their right to life, personal integrity, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association, and free movement, as well as their ability to exercise their access rights, taking into account its international obligations in the field of human rights, its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
16.a

通过开展国际合作等方式加强相关国家机制，在各层级提高各国尤其是发展中国家的能力建设，以预防暴力，打击恐怖主义和犯罪行为。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.a.1
    符合《巴黎原则》的独立的国家人权机构的存在
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
4.10
The Parties may promote knowledge of the provisions of the present Agreement in other international forums related to environmental matters, in accordance with the rules of each forum.
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
16.7

确保各级的决策反应迅速，具有包容性、参与性和代表性。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.7.2
    认为决策具有包容性和响应性的人口比例，按性别、年龄、残疾人和人口群体分列, 国家和地方机构中的职位按性别、年龄、残疾者和人口群体分列相对全国分配数的比例，包括(a) 立法机构；(b) 公务制度；(c) 司法机构
  • 16.7.1
    认为决策具有包容性和响应性的人口比例，按性别、年龄、残疾人和人口群体分列, 国家和地方机构中的职位按性别、年龄、残疾者和人口群体分列相对全国分配数的比例，包括(a) 立法机构；(b) 公务制度；(c) 司法机构
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
7.1
Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3.g
climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5
The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7.b
national actions to fulfil environmental legal obligations;
6.7.c
advances in the implementation of the access rights; and
6.7.d
collaboration agreements among public, social and private sectors.
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.3.j
information on the imposition of administrative sanctions in environmental matters.
4.4
With the aim of contributing to the effective application of the present Agreement, each Party shall provide the public with information to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on access rights.
4.5
Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
5.18
Each Party shall establish or designate one or more impartial entities or institutions with autonomy and independence to promote transparency in access to environmental information, to oversee compliance with rules, and monitor, report on and guarantee the right of access to information. Each Party may consider including or strengthening, as appropriate, sanctioning powers within the scope of the responsibilities of the aforementioned entities or institutions.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.2
The competent authorities shall endeavour to ensure, to the extent possible, that environmental information is reusable, processable and available in formats that are accessible, and that no restrictions are placed on its reproduction or use, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3.a
the texts of treaties and international agreements, as well as environmental laws, regulations and administrative acts;
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
7.16
The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation.
7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.a
a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity;
7.8
Each Party shall ensure that, once a decision has been made, the public is informed in a timely manner thereof and of the grounds and reasons underlying the decision, including how the observations of the public have been taken into consideration. The decision and its basis shall be made public and be accessible.
7.9
The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.10
Each Party shall establish conditions that are favourable to public participation in environmental decision-making processes and that are adapted to the social, economic, cultural, geographical and gender characteristics of the public.
7.13
Each Party shall encourage the establishment of appropriate spaces for consultation on environmental matters or the use of those that are already in existence in which various groups and sectors are able to participate. Each Party shall promote regard for local knowledge, dialogue and interaction of different views and knowledge, where appropriate.
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
7.15
In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed.
7.17.d
a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language;
7.17.e
the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration;
7.17.f
a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17.b
a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact;
7.17.c
a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts;
7.6.a
the type or nature of the environmental decision under consideration and, where appropriate, in non-technical language;
7.6.b
the authority responsible for making the decision and other authorities and bodies involved;
7.6.c
the procedure foreseen for the participation of the public, including the date on which the procedure will begin and end, mechanisms for participation and, where applicable, the date and place of any public consultation or hearing; and
7.6.d
the public authorities involved from which additional information on the environmental decision under consideration can be requested and the procedure for requesting information.
7.7
The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.17.g
actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
7.17.z
The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
7.11
When the primary language of the directly affected public is different to the official languages, the public authority shall ensure that means are provided to facilitate their understanding and participation.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
ECHR Protocol
Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
3
各缔约方承诺以合理间隔通过秘密投票按照如下条件进行自由选举：这些条件将会确保民众在立法机关选择方面自由表达其意见。
16.b

推动和实施非歧视性法律和政策以促进可持续发展。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.b.1
    报告在过去12个月内亲身感受到因国际人权法所禁止的歧视理由而受到歧视或骚扰人口的百分比(按年龄组和性别分列)
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.5
Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
1
The objective of the present Agreement is to guarantee the full and effective implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of the rights of access to environmental information, public participation in the environmental decision-making process and access to justice in environmental matters, and the creation and strengthening of capacities and cooperation, contributing to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in a healthy environment and to sustainable development.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
14
对本公约所规定的任何权利和自由的享有应当得到保障，不应因任何理由比如性别、种族、肤色、语言、宗教、政治或其它观点、民族或社会出身、与某一少数民族的联系、财产、出生或其他情况等而受到歧视。
16.5

大幅减少一切形式的腐败和贿赂行为。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.5.1
    过去12个月内至少与公职人员接触过一次、向公职人员行贿或被这些公职人员要求行贿的人所占比例, 过去12个月内至少与公职人员接触过一次、向公职人员行贿或被这些公职人员要求行贿的公司所占比例
  • 16.5.2
    过去12个月内至少与公职人员接触过一次、向公职人员行贿或被这些公职人员要求行贿的人所占比例, 过去12个月内至少与公职人员接触过一次、向公职人员行贿或被这些公职人员要求行贿的公司所占比例
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
16.10

根据国家立法和国际协议，确保公众获得各种信息，保障基本自由。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.10.1
    过去12个月内记者、相关媒体人员、工会会员和人权倡导者被杀害、绑架、强迫失踪、任意拘留和施以酷刑的经核实案件数目, 通过和执行宪法、法律和(或)政策以保障公众获取信息的国家数目
  • 16.10.2
    过去12个月内记者、相关媒体人员、工会会员和人权倡导者被杀害、绑架、强迫失踪、任意拘留和施以酷刑的经核实案件数目, 通过和执行宪法、法律和(或)政策以保障公众获取信息的国家数目
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
2.1
任何人的生命权应当受到法律的保护。不得故
意剥夺任何人的生命，但是，法院依法对他所犯的
罪行定罪并付诸执行的除外。
3
不得对任何人施以酷刑或者是使其受到非人道的 或者是有损人格的待遇或者是惩罚。
10.1
人人享有表达自由的权利。此项权利应当包括持有主张的自由，以及在不受公共机构干预和不分国界的情况下，接受和传播信息和思想的自由。本条不得阻止各国对广播、电视、电影等企业规定许可证制度。
16.2

制止对儿童进行虐待、剥削、贩卖以及一切形式的暴力和酷刑。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 16.2.3
    18岁之前受到性暴力侵害的18至29岁青年男女的比例, 过去一个月内受到照顾者施加的任何体罚和/或心理侵害的1-17岁儿童百分比, 每10万人中人口贩运行为受害者的人数(按性别、年龄组和剥削形式分列)
  • 16.2.1
    18岁之前受到性暴力侵害的18至29岁青年男女的比例, 过去一个月内受到照顾者施加的任何体罚和/或心理侵害的1-17岁儿童百分比, 每10万人中人口贩运行为受害者的人数(按性别、年龄组和剥削形式分列)
  • 16.2.2
    18岁之前受到性暴力侵害的18至29岁青年男女的比例, 过去一个月内受到照顾者施加的任何体罚和/或心理侵害的1-17岁儿童百分比, 每10万人中人口贩运行为受害者的人数(按性别、年龄组和剥削形式分列)
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
3
不得对任何人施以酷刑或者是使其受到非人道的 或者是有损人格的待遇或者是惩罚。
4.1
不得将任何人蓄为奴隶或者是使其受到奴役。
4.2
不得要求任何人从事强制或者是强迫劳动。
ECHR Protocol No. 4
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1
任何人都不应当因为无力履行某项合同义务的理由而被剥夺其自由。
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