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负责任消费和生产

负责任消费和生产

 12.8

到2030年，确保各国人民都能获取关于可持续发展以及与自然和谐的生活方式的信息并具有上述意识。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.8.1
    ㈠ 全球公民教育和㈡ 可持续发展教育(包括气候变化教育)在多大程度上在(a) 国家教育政策、(b) 课程、(c) 教师培训和(d) 学生评估方面进入主流
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
17.2
Such exchange of information shall include exchange of results of technical, scientific and socio-economic research, as well as information on training and surveying programmes, specialized knowledge, indigenous and traditional knowledge as such and in combination with the technologies referred to in Article 16, paragraph 1. It shall also, where feasible, include repatriation of information .
18.1
The Contracting Parties shall promote international technical and scientific cooperation in the field of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, where necessary, through the appropriate international and national institutions.
18.2
Each Contracting Party shall promote technical and scientific cooperation with other Contracting Parties, in particular developing countries, in implementing this Convention, inter alia, through the development and implementation of national policies. In promoting such cooperation, special attention should be given to the development and strengthening of national capabilities, by means of human resources development and institution building.
18.3
The Conference of the Parties, at its first meeting, shall determine how to establish a clearing-house mechanism to promote and facilitate technical and scientific cooperation.
12
The Contracting Parties, taking into account the special needs of developing countries, shall:
12.a
Establish and maintain programmes for scientific and technical education and training in measures for the identification, conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and its components and provide support for such education and training for the specific needs of developing countries;
12.b
Promote and encourage research which contributes to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, particularly in developing countries, inter alia, in accordance with decisions of the Conference of the Parties taken in consequence of recommendations of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice;
12.c
In keeping with the provisions of Articles 16. 13 and 20. promote and cooperate in the use of scientific advances in biological diversity research in developing methods for conservation and sustainable use of biological resources;
13
The Contracting Parties shall:
Aarhus Convention
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
1
为促进保护今世后代人人得在适合其健
康和福扯的环境中生活的权利， 每个缔约方
应按照本公约的规定， 保障在环境问题上获
得信息、公众参与决策和诉诸法律的权利。
3.2
每个缔约方应力求确保各级官员和
部门在环境问题上协助和指导公众设法获取
信息、促进参与决策和诉诸法律。
3.3
每个缔约方应在公众中促进环境教
育和提高环境意识， 特别是帮助公众了解如
何在环境间题上获取信息、参与决策和诉诸
法律。
4.1
每个缔约方在不违反本条以下各款
的前提下， 对于获取环境信息的请求， 应确
保在国家立法范围内为公众提供这种信息，
包括在收到请求并且不违反以下(b)项的前提
下提供含有或构成这种信息的文件材料的复
制件：
4.4.g
本身没有法律义务或不可能
被要求承担法律义务提供请
求所指信息但提供了这种信
息、且不同意予以公开的的
第三方的利益；
5.1.b
建立强制性的制度， 保证公
共当局能够充分了解拟议和
正在进行的可能对环境造成
重大影响的活动；
5.1.c
在人类健康或环境面临人类
活动或自然原因造成的任何
迫在眉睫的威胁的情况下，
公共当局立即毫不迟延地向
可能受影响的公众散发所掌
握的、一切能够帮助公众采
取措施预防或减少此种威胁
造成的损害的信息。
5.2.b
建立和保持切合实际的安
排， 诸如：
5.2.b.ii
要求官员帮助公众设法
获取本公约规定的信
息； 以及
5.2.b.iii
确定联络点； 并且
5.6
每个缔约方应鼓励进行对环境造成
重大影响的活动的人定期向公众通报其活动
和产品的环境影响， 适当情况下应在自愿性
质的生态标记或生态审计办法框架内或用其
他办法进行通报。
5.7
每个缔约方应：
5.7.b
公布或以其他方式提供关千
其在本公约范围内的问题上
与公众相互联系的说明材
料； 以及
6.2.d.iv
说明可以向哪个公共当
局索取有关信息以及说
明存放有关信息供公众
查阅的地点；
6.2.e
说明对该活动要按国家或跨
界环境影响评估程序办
理。
6.4
每个缔约方应安排公众及早参与，
准备各种方案以供选择， 并让公众能够有效
参与。
6.7
公众参与程序应让公众能够以书面
形式或酌情在公开听证会或对申请人的询问
过程中提出其认为与拟议活动相关的任何意
见、信息、分析或见解。
Kiev Protocol
Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention
15.1
Each Party shall promote public awareness of its pollutant release and transfer registe r, and shall ensure that assistance and guidance are provided in accessing its register and in understanding and using the information contained in it.
16.2.a
Public awareness at the international level;
UDHR
世界人权宣言
26.2
教育的目的在于充分发展人的个性并加强对人权和基本自由的尊重。教育应促进各国、各种族或各宗教集团的了解、容忍和友谊，并应促进联合国维护和平的各项活动。
19
人人有权享有主张和发表意见的自由；此项权利包括持有主张而不受干涉的自由；和通过任何媒介和不论国界寻求、接受和传递消息和思想的自由。
27.2
人人以由于他所创作的任何科学、文学或艺术作品而产生的精神的和物质的利益，有享受保护的权利。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
19.1
人人有权持有主张，不受干涉。
19.2
人人有自由发表意见的权利；此项权利包括寻求、接受和传递各种消息和思想的自由，而不论国界，也不论口头的、书写的、印刷的、采取艺术形式的、或通过他所选择的任何其他媒介。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
13.1
本公约缔约各国承认，人人有受教育的权利。它们同意，教育应鼓励人的个性和尊严的充分发展，加强对人权和基本自由的尊重，并应使所有的人能有效地参加自由社会，促进各民族之间和各种族、人种或宗教团体之间的了解、容忍和友谊，和促进联合国维护和平的各项活动。
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
15.1
土著人民有权维护其文化、传统、历史和愿望的尊严和多样性，他们的 文化、传统、历史和愿望应在教育和公共信息中得到适当体现。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
10.c
为消除在各级和各种方式的教育中对男女任务的任何定型观念，应鼓励实行男女同校和其他有助于实现这个目的的教育形式，并特别应修订教科书和课程以及相应地修改教学方法。
10.h
有接受特殊教育性辅导的机会，以保障家庭健康和幸福，包括关于计划生育的知识和辅导在内。
14.2.h
享受适当的生活条件，特别是在住房、卫生、水电供应、交通和通讯方面。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
9.2.g
促使残疾人有机会使用新的信息和通信技术和系统，包括。
9.2.h
促进在早期阶段设计、开发、生产、推行无障碍信息和通信技术和系统，以便能以最低成本使这些技术和系统无障碍。
24.3.c
确保以最适合个人情况的语文及交流方式和手段，在最有利于发展学习和社交能力的环境中，向盲、聋或聋盲人，特别是盲、聋或聋盲儿童提供教育。
24.3.a
为学习盲文，替代文字，辅助和替代性交流方式、手段和模式，定向和行动技能提供便利，并为残疾人之间的相互支持和指导提供便利。
24.3.b
为学习手语和宣传聋人的语言特性提供便利。
21.a
以无障碍模式和适合不同类别残疾的技术，及时向残疾人提供公共信息，不另收费。
21.b
在正式事务中允许和便利使用手语、盲文、辅助和替代性交流方式及残疾人选用的其他一切无障碍交流手段、方式和模式。
21.c
敦促向公众提供服务，包括通过因特网提供服务的私营实体，以无障碍和残疾人可以使用的模式提供信息和服务。
21.d
鼓励包括因特网信息提供商在内的大众媒体向残疾人提供无障碍服务。
21.e
承认和推动手语的使用。
12.6

鼓励各个公司，特别是大公司和跨国公司，采用可持续的做法，并将可持续性信息纳入各自报告周期。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.6.1
    发布可持续性报告的公司数量
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
13
The Contracting Parties shall:
Aarhus Convention
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
5.1
每个缔约方应确保：
5.5
关于环境问题的国际条约、
公约和协定； 以及
5.7.b
公布或以其他方式提供关千
其在本公约范围内的问题上
与公众相互联系的说明材
料； 以及
Kiev Protocol
Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention
5.6
Each Party shall provide links in its register to the pollutant release and transfer registers of other Parties to the Protocol and, where feasible, to those of other countries.
7.2
Each Party shall require the owner or operator of a facility referred to in paragraph 1 to submit the information specified in paragraphs 5 and 6, and in accordance with the requirements therein, with respect to those pollutants and wastes for which thresholds were exceeded.
UNGPs
联合国商业与人权指导原则
Comment 3
特别是，公司必须尊重核心人权的工具：《世界人权宣言》（UDHR）；《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》（ICESCR）和《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》（ICCPR）以及ILO 劳动规范：《结社自由和组织权利保护公约》，1948年（第87号）；《组织和集体谈判权利的原则应用公约》1949年（第98号）；《强迫或强制劳动公约》，1930 年（第29号）；《废除强迫劳动公约》，1957年（第105号）；《同工同酬公约》,1951年(第100号) ；《消除就业和职业歧视公约》，1958年（第111号）；《准予就业最低年龄公约》，1973年（第138号）；《最有害的童工形式公约》，1999年（第182号）。
Principle 3.d
在适当的情况下，鼓励企业就怎样解决他们的人权影响问题进行沟通。
12.1

各国在照顾发展中国家发展水平和能力的基础上，落实《可持续消费和生产模式十年方案框架》，发达国家在此方面要做出表率。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.1.1
    采用或实施旨在支持向可持续消费和生产转变的政策 工具的国家数量
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
10.a
Integrate consideration of the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision-making;
10.b
Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity;
12.2

到2030年，实现自然资源的可持续管理和高效利用。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.2.1
    物质足迹、人均物质足迹和单位国内生产总值的物质足迹, 国内物质消费、人均国内物质消费和单位国内生产总值的国内物质消费
  • 12.2.2
    物质足迹、人均物质足迹和单位国内生产总值的物质足迹, 国内物质消费、人均国内物质消费和单位国内生产总值的国内物质消费
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
10.a
Integrate consideration of the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision-making;
10.b
Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity;
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
2.1
本《公约》的目标是在发生严重干旱和／或荒漠化的国家，特别是在非洲防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响，为此要在所有各级采取有效措施，辅之以在符合《二十一世纪议程》的综合办法框架内建立的国际合作和伙伴关系安排，以期协助受影响地区实现可持续发展。
2.2
实现这项目标将包括一项长期的综合战略，同时在受影响地区重点提高土地生产力，恢 复、保护并以可持续的方式管理土地和水资源，从而改善特别是社区一级的生活条件。
11
受影响国家缔约方应按照有关的区域执行附件酌情进行协商和合作，拟订分区域和／或区域 行动方案，以协调、补充和提高国家方案的效率。第十条的规定经修改后应适用于分区域和 区域方案。这种合作可包括关于对跨边界自然资源实行可持续管理、开展科学技术合作和加 强有关机构的议定联合方案。
19.1
缔约方确认，能力建设——即所谓机构建设、培训和有关本地和本国能力的发展——对防 治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响各种努力具有重要意义。缔约方应酌情以下列方式促进能力的建设：
19.1.c
建立和／或加强支助和推广服务，更有效地传播有关工艺方法和技术，培训实地工作 人员和农村组织成员，采取群众参与的方法，以保护和可持续地使用自然资源；
19.3
缔约方应彼此并与胜任的政府间组织以及非政府组织开展合作，在受影响缔约方和适当 时在未受影响国家缔约方推行和支持公众意识和教育方案，促进对荒漠化和干旱的原因和 影响以及实现本《公约》目标的重要性的认识。为此，它们应：
19.3.e
评价受影响地区的教育需要，制订适当的学校课程，必要时，扩大教育和成人识字方 案，并在查明、保护以及可持续使用和管理受影响地区资源方面，为所有人特别是女 童和妇女创造更多的机会；并
10.4
考虑到各个受影响国家缔约方有其具体的情况和要求，国家行动方案，除其他外，酌情 包括下列某些或所有涉及在受影响地区防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响、涉及其人口的优先领 域措施：提倡另谋生计并改善国家经济环境，以争取加强消灭贫困方案，加强粮食保障； 人口动态；以可持续方式管理自然资源；实行可持续的农业方式；开发和高效率地使用各 种能源；体制和法律框架；加强评估和系统观察能力包括水文和气象服务以及能力建设、 教育和公众意识。
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
193
各国有依据其环境政策和按照其保护和保全海洋环境的职责开发其自然资源的主权权利。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基於互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基于互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
25
土著人民有权保持和加强他们同他们传统上拥有或以其他方式占有和使用 的土地、领土、水域、近海和其他资源之间的独特精神联系，并在这方面继续承担他们对后代的责任。
26.1
土著人民对他们传统上拥有、占有或以其他方式使用或获得的土地、领 土和资源拥有权利。
26.2
土著人民有权拥有、使用、开发和控制因他们传统上拥有或其他传统上 的占有或使用而持有的，以及他们以其他方式获得的土地、领土和资源。
ILO 169
土著和部落居民公约，1989（第169号）
Description 214.1
对有关民族传统上占有的土地的所有权和拥有权应予以承认。另外，在适当情况下，应采取措施保护有关民族对其所不完全占有，但是一直赖以生存和活动的土地的使用权。在这一方面，对游牧民族和无定居地的耕种者应予以特殊照顾。
Description 214.2
各国政府应采取必要措施，以确定这些民族传统上占有的土地，并保证有效保护其所有权和占有权。
Description 214.3
要在国家的法律制度范围内建立适当的程序，以解决有关民族提出的土地要求。
12.a

支持发展中国家加强科学和技术能力，采用更可持续的生产和消费模式。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.a.1
    发展中国家已安装的可再生能源发电力(人均瓦特)
控制危险废物越境转移及其处置 巴塞尔公约
控制危险废物越境转移及其处置 巴塞尔公约
10.2.a
在接获请求时，在双边或多边的基础上提供资料，以期
促进危险废物和其他废物的环境无害管理，包括协调对危险废物和其
他废物的适当管理的技术标准和规范；
10.2.b
合作监测危险废物的管理对人类健康和环境的影响；
10.2.c
在不违反其国家法律、条例和政策的情况下，合作发展 和实施新的环境无害低废技术并改进现行技术，以期在可行范围内消 除危险废物和其他废物的产生，求得确保其环境无害管理的更实际有 效的方法，其中包括对采用这类新的或改良的技术所产生经济、社会 和环境效果的研究；
10.2.d
在不违反其国家法律、条例和政策的情况下，就转让涉
及危险废物和其他废物无害环境管理的技术和管理体制方面积极合
作。它们还应合作建立各缔约国特别是那些在这方面可能需要并要求
技术援助的国家的技术能力；
10.2.e
各缔约国应互相合作，以便改善和实现危险废物和其他废物的环境无害管理。
合作制定适当的技术准则和（或）业务规范。
14.1
各缔约国同意，根据各区域和分区域的具体需要，应针对危险废物和其他废物的管理并使其产生减至最低限度，建立区域的或分区域的培训和技术转让中心。各缔约国应就建立适当的自愿性筹资机制作出决定。
10.1
各缔约国应互相合作，以便改善和实现危险废物和其他废物的环境无害管理。
10.2
为此，各缔约国应：
UDHR
世界人权宣言
27.2
人人以由于他所创作的任何科学、文学或艺术作品而产生的精神的和物质的利益，有享受保护的权利。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
15.1.c
对其本人的任何科学、文学或艺术作品所产生的精神上和物质上的利益，享受被保护之利。
15.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为保存、发展和传播科学和文化所必需的步骤。
15.3
本公约缔约各国承担尊重进行科学研究和创造性活动所不可缺少的自由。
15.4
本公约缔约各国认识到鼓励和发展科学与文化方面的国际接触和合作的好处。
12.5

到2030年，通过预防、减排、回收和再利用，大幅减少废物的产生。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.5.1
    国家回收利用率、物资回收吨数
控制危险废物越境转移及其处置 巴塞尔公约
控制危险废物越境转移及其处置 巴塞尔公约
4.2
各缔约国应采取适当措施：
4.2.a
考虑到社会、技术和经济方面，保证将其国内产生的危
险废物和其他废物减至最低限度；
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
12.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
29.2
各国应采取有效措施，确保未事先获得土著人民的自由知情同意，不得 在其土地或领土上存放或处置危险物质。
29.3
各国还应采取有效措施，根据需要，确保由受此种危险物质影响的土著 人民制定和执行的旨在监测、保持和恢复土著人民健康的方案得到适当执行。
12.4

到2020年，根据商定的国际框架，实现化学品和所有废物在整个存在周期的无害环境管理，并大幅减少它们排入大气以及渗漏到水和土壤的机率，尽可能降低它们对人类健康和环境造成的负面影响。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.4.2
    (a) 人均生成的危险废物; 和(b) 处理的危险废物的比 例，按处理类型分列, 关于危险物质和其他化学品及废物的国际多边环境协定的缔约方中按照每个相关协定的要求履行了信息转递承诺和义务的缔约方数目
  • 12.4.1
    (a) 人均生成的危险废物; 和(b) 处理的危险废物的比 例，按处理类型分列, 关于危险物质和其他化学品及废物的国际多边环境协定的缔约方中按照每个相关协定的要求履行了信息转递承诺和义务的缔约方数目
控制危险废物越境转移及其处置 巴塞尔公约
控制危险废物越境转移及其处置 巴塞尔公约
The entire convention is relevant
The text of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal is relevant to this Target in its entirety
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
209.2
在本节有关规定的限制下,各国应制定法律和规章,以防止、减少和控制由悬挂其旗帜或在其国内登记或在其权力下经营的船只、设施、结构和其他装置所进行的“区域”内活动造成对海洋环境的污染。这种法律和规章的要求的效力应不低于第 1 款所指的国际规则、规章和程序。
210.1
各国应制定法律和规章,以防止、减少的控制倾倒对海洋环境的污染。
210.2
各国应采取其他可能必要的措施,以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
210.3
这种法律、规章和措施应确保非经各国主管当局准许,不进行倾倒。
210.4
各国特别应通过主管国际组织或外交会议采取行动,尽力制订全球性和区域性规则、标准和建议的办法及程序,以防止减少的控制这种污染。这种规则、标准和建议的办法及程序应根据需要随时重新审查。
210.5
非经沿海国事前明示核准,不应在领海和专属经济区内或在大陆架上进行倾倒,沿海国经与由于地理处理可能受倾倒不利影响的其他国家适当审议此事后,有权准许、规定和控制的这种倾倒。
210.6
国内法律、规章和措施在防止、减少和控制这种污染方面的效力应不低于全球性规则和标准。
207.1
各国应制定法律和规章,以防止、减少和控制陆地来源,包括河流、河口湾、管道和排水口结构对海洋环境的污染,同时考虑到国际上议定的规则、标准和建议的办法及程序。
207.2
各国应采取其他可能必要的措施,以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
207.4
各国特别应通过主管国际组织或外交会议采取行动,尽力制订全球性和区域性规则、标准和建议的办法及程序,以防止、减少和控制这种污染,同时考虑到区域的特点,发展中国家的经济能力及共经济发展的需要。这种规则、标准和建议的办法及程序应根据需要随时重新审查。
207.5
第 1、第 2 和第 4 款提及的法律、规章、措施、规则、标准和建议的办法及程序,应包括旨在在最大可能范围内尽量减少有毒、有害或有碍健康的物质,特别是持久不变的物质,排放在海洋环境的各种规定。
208.1
沿海国应制定法律和规章,以防止、减少和控制来自受其管辖的海底活动或与此种活动有关的对海洋环境的污染以有来自依据第六十和第八十条在其管辖下的人工岛屿、设施和结构对海洋环境的污染。
208.2
各国应采取其他可能必要的措施,以防止、减少和控制这种污染。
208.3
这种法律、规章和措施的效力应不低于国际规则、标准和建议的办法及程序。
208.5
各国特别应通过主管国际组织或外交会议采取行动,制订全球性和区域性规则、标准和建议的办法及程序,以防止、减省控制第 1 款所指的海洋环境污染。这种规则、标准和建议的办法及程序应根据需要随时重新审查。
Kiev Protocol
Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention
7.5.c
The amount of each pollutant required to be reported pursuant to paragraph 2 released from the facility to the environment in the reporting year, both in aggregate and according to whether the release is to air, to water or to land, including by underground injection;
7.5.d.i
The amount of each pollutant required to be reported pursuant to paragraph 2 that is transferred off-site in the reporting year, distinguishing between the amounts transferred for disposal and for recovery, and the name and address of the facility receiving the transfer; or
7.5.d.ii
The amount of waste required to be reported pursuant to paragraph 2 transferred off-site in the reporting year, distinguishing between hazardous waste and other waste, for any operations of recovery or disposal, indicating respectively with ‘R’ or ‘D’ whether the waste is destined for recovery or disposal pursuant to annex III and, for transboundary movements of hazardous waste, the name and address of the recoverer or disposer of the waste and the actual recovery or disposal site receiving the transfer;
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
12.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
29.2
各国应采取有效措施，确保未事先获得土著人民的自由知情同意，不得 在其土地或领土上存放或处置危险物质。
29.3
各国还应采取有效措施，根据需要，确保由受此种危险物质影响的土著 人民制定和执行的旨在监测、保持和恢复土著人民健康的方案得到适当执行。
12.7

根据国家政策和优先事项，推行可持续的公共采购做法。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.7.1
    实施可持续公共采购政策和行动计划的国家数目
UNGPs
联合国商业与人权指导原则
Comment 1
《联合国关于商业和人权的指导原则》寻求提供一个权威的全球标准，以防止和化解与业务活动有关的不利的人权影响的风险。《指导原则》概述了国家和企业应如何实施联合国的”保护、尊重和救济”框架，以便更好地管理企业和人权挑战。
Principle 5
某些企业提供的服务可能会影响到人的权益，当各国与这些企业签订合同或立法时，应行使充分的监督，以满足其国际人权义务。
Principle 6
各国应当通过与之进行商业交易的企业来推动对人权的尊重。
12.3

到2030年，将零售和消费环节的全球人均粮食浪费减半，减少生产和供应环节的粮食损失，包括收获后的损失。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.3.1
    (a) 粮食损耗指数和(b) 食物浪费指数
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
11.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。
11.2.a
用充分利用科技知识、传播营养原则的知识、和发展或改革土地制度以使天然资源得到最有效的开发和利用等方法，改进粮食的生产、保存及分配方法；
11.2.b
在顾到粮食入口国家和粮食出口国家的问题的情况下，保证世界粮食供应，会按照需要，公平分配。
12.c

对鼓励浪费性消费的低效化石燃料补贴进行合理化调整，为此，应根据各国国情消除市场扭曲，包括调整税收结构，逐步取消有害补贴以反映其环境影响，同时充分考虑发展中国家的特殊需求和情况，尽可能减少对其发展可能产生的不利影响并注意保护穷人和受影响社区。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.c.1
    每单位国内总产值(生产和消费)的化石燃料补贴数额
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
12.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
12.b

开发和利用各种工具，监测能创造就业机会、促进地方文化和产品的可持续旅游业对促进可持续发展产生的影响。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 12.b.1
    实施标准会计工具监测旅游业可持续性的经济和环境 方面
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
31.1
土著人民有权保持、掌管、保护和发展其文化遗产、传统知识和传统文 化体现方式，以及其科学、技术和文化表现形式，包括人类和遗传资源、种子、医药、关于动植物群特性的知识、口述传统、文学作品、设计、体育和传统游戏、视觉和表演艺术。他们还有权保持、掌管、保护和发展自己对这些文化遗产、传统知识和传统文化体现方式的知识产权。
11.1
土著人民有权奉行和振兴其文化传统与习俗。这包括有权保持、保护和 发展其文化过去、现在和未来的表现形式，如古迹和历史遗址、手工艺品、图案设计、典礼仪式、技术、视觉和表演艺术、文学作品等等。
11.2
各国应通过与土著人民共同制定的有效机制，对未事先获得他们自由知 情同意，或在违反其法律、传统和习俗的情况下拿走的土著文化、知识、宗教和精神财产，予以补偿，包括归还原物。
12.1
土著人民有权展示、奉行、发展和传授其精神和宗教传统、习俗和礼仪， 有权保持和保护其宗教和文化场所，并在保障私隐之下进出这些场所，有权使用和掌管其礼仪用具，有权把遗骨送回原籍。
ILO 172
（旅馆和餐馆）工作条件公约，1991（第172号）
ILO 172
本公约要求会员国以适应国家法律、条件和实践的方式采纳和运用旨在改善劳动者的工作条件的政策。
ILO Rec 189
中小型企业创造就业建议书，1998（第189号）
ILO Rec 189
这一国际劳工组织提议书建议国际劳工组织会员国采取措施，以承认和推动中小型企业可以发挥的基本作用。
应对气候变化

应对气候变化

 13.b

促进在最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家建立增强能力的机制，帮助其进行与气候变化有关的有效规划和管理，包括重点关注妇女、青年、地方社区和边缘化社区。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 13.b.1
    具有国家自主决定捐款、长期战略、国家适应计划、适
    应信息通报和国家信息通报战略的最不发达国家和小岛屿发展
    中国家的数量
UNDROP
UN Declaration on Rights of Peasants
13.3
国家应营造扶持性环境，为农民和农村地区其他劳动者及其家人创造 工作机会，提供的薪酬应使他们能享有适当生活水准
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
4.4
With the aim of contributing to the effective application of the present Agreement, each Party shall provide the public with information to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on access rights.
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
10.1
人人享有表达自由的权利。此项权利应当包括持有主张的自由，以及在不受公共机构干预和不分国界的情况下，接受和传播信息和思想的自由。本条不得阻止各国对广播、电视、电影等企业规定许可证制度。
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
13.2

将应对气候变化的举措纳入国家政策、战略和规划。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 13.2.2
    年温室气体总排放量, 具有国家自主决定捐款、长期战略、国家适应计划、适 应信息通报和国家信息通报战略的国家数量
  • 13.2.1
    年温室气体总排放量, 具有国家自主决定捐款、长期战略、国家适应计划、适 应信息通报和国家信息通报战略的国家数量
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
6.3.g
climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.1
Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services.
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
13.a

发达国家履行在《联合国气候变化框架公约》下的承诺，即到2020年每年从各种渠道共同筹资1000亿美元，满足发展中国家的需求，帮助其切实开展减缓行动，提高履约的透明度，并尽快向绿色气候基金注资，使其全面投入运行。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 13.a.1
    到2025 年，与持续现存集体筹集1000 亿美元承诺目标 相关的每年提供和筹集的美元数额
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
13.1

加强各国抵御和适应气候相关的灾害和自然灾害的能力。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 13.1.3
    依照国家减少灾害风险战略通过和执行地方减少灾害风险战略的地方政府比例, 每10万人当中因灾害死亡、失踪和直接受影响的人数, 依照《2015-2030年仙台减少灾害风险框架》通过和执行国家减少灾害风险战略的国家数目
  • 13.1.1
    依照国家减少灾害风险战略通过和执行地方减少灾害风险战略的地方政府比例, 每10万人当中因灾害死亡、失踪和直接受影响的人数, 依照《2015-2030年仙台减少灾害风险框架》通过和执行国家减少灾害风险战略的国家数目
  • 13.1.2
    依照国家减少灾害风险战略通过和执行地方减少灾害风险战略的地方政府比例, 每10万人当中因灾害死亡、失踪和直接受影响的人数, 依照《2015-2030年仙台减少灾害风险框架》通过和执行国家减少灾害风险战略的国家数目
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
6.5
Each Party shall guarantee that in the case of an imminent threat to public health or the environment, the relevant competent authority shall immediately disclose and disseminate through the most effective means all pertinent information in its possession that could help the public take measures to prevent or limit potential damage. Each Party shall develop and implement an early warning system using available mechanisms.
4.4
With the aim of contributing to the effective application of the present Agreement, each Party shall provide the public with information to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on access rights.
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
I
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.1
Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services.
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
4
Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others:
4.a
The right to have her life respected;
13.3

加强气候变化减缓、适应、减少影响和早期预警等方面的教育和宣传，加强人员和机构在此方面的能力。

Indicators (zh-hans)
  • 13.3.1
    (i) 全球公民教育和(ii) 可持续发展教育在(a) 国家教 育政策; (b) 课程; (c) 教师教育;和(d) 学生评估中主流化的程度
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3.g
climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7.b
national actions to fulfil environmental legal obligations;
6.7.c
advances in the implementation of the access rights; and
6.7.d
collaboration agreements among public, social and private sectors.
6.3.j
information on the imposition of administrative sanctions in environmental matters.
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
4.4
With the aim of contributing to the effective application of the present Agreement, each Party shall provide the public with information to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on access rights.
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.17
Environmental information shall be disclosed at no cost, insofar as its reproduction or delivery is not required. Reproduction and delivery costs shall be applied in accordance with the procedures established by the competent authority. Such costs shall be reasonable and made known in advance, and payment can be waived in the event that the applicant is deemed to be in a vulnerable situation or to have special circumstances warranting such a waiver.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
5.11
The competent authorities shall guarantee that the environmental information is provided in the format requested by the applicant, if available. If such a format is not available, the environmental information shall be provided in the available format.
5.12
The competent authorities shall respond to requests for environmental information as quickly as possible and within a period not longer than 30 business days from the date of receipt of the request, or less if so stipulated in domestic legislation.
6.2
The competent authorities shall endeavour to ensure, to the extent possible, that environmental information is reusable, processable and available in formats that are accessible, and that no restrictions are placed on its reproduction or use, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3.a
the texts of treaties and international agreements, as well as environmental laws, regulations and administrative acts;
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
10.1
人人享有表达自由的权利。此项权利应当包括持有主张的自由，以及在不受公共机构干预和不分国界的情况下，接受和传播信息和思想的自由。本条不得阻止各国对广播、电视、电影等企业规定许可证制度。
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
9.1
The Parties undertake to recognise that the right to freedom of expression of every person belonging to a national minority includes freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas in the minority language, without interference by public authorities and regardless of frontiers. The Parties shall ensure, within the framework of their legal systems, that persons belonging to a national minority are not discriminated against in their access to the media.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
XII
Every person has the right to an education, which should be based on the principles of liberty, morality and human solidarity. Likewise every person has the right to an education that will prepare him to attain a decent life, to raise his standard of living, and to be a useful member of society. The right to an education includes the right to equality of opportunity in every case, in accordance with natural talents, merit and the desire to utilize the resources that the state or the community is in a position to provide. Every person has the right to receive, free, at least a primary education.
IV
Every person has the right to freedom of investigation, of opinion, and of the expression and dissemination of ideas, by any medium whatsoever.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
13.1
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and expression. This right includes freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing, in print, in the form of art, or through any other medium of one's choice.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
13.2
The States Parties to this Protocol agree that education should be directed towards the full development of the human personality and human dignity and should strengthen respect for human rights, ideological pluralism, fundamental freedoms, justice and peace. They further agree that education ought to enable everyone to participate effectively in a democratic and pluralistic society and achieve a decent existence and should foster understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups and promote activities for the maintenance of peace.
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