The Human Rights Guide to the Sustainable Development Goals

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Instrument	Article / Description	Target	Indicator
Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	GENERAL The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	The entire convention is relevant The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is relevant to this Target in its entirety.	15.1 (15. Life on land) By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements.	15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area 15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	2.1 Each Contracting Party shall designate suitable wetlands within its territory for inclusion in a List of Wetlands of International Importance, hereinafter referred to as "the List" which is maintained by the bureau established under Article 8. The boundaries of each wetland shall be precisely described and also delimited on a map and they may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the wetlands, especially where these have importance as waterfowl habitat.	11.4 (11. Sustainable cities and communities) Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.	11.4.1 Total per capita expenditure on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by source of funding (public, private), type of heritage (cultural, natural) and level of government (national, regional, and local/municipal)
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	2.4 (2. Zero hunger) By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.	2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agricultural practices
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation) By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.	6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time 6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	6.5 (6. Clean water and sanitation) By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate.	6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resources management 6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	11.4 (11. Sustainable cities and communities) Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.	11.4.1 Total per capita expenditure on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by source of funding (public, private), type of heritage (cultural, natural) and level of government (national, regional, and local/municipal)
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	14.2 (14. Life below water) By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.	14.2.1 Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	14.5 (14. Life below water) By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.	14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	15.5 (15. Life on land) Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity, and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.	15.5.1 Red List Index
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	15.8 (15. Life on land) By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species.	15.8.1 Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		3.1 The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.	15.9 (15. Life on land) By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts.	15.9.1 (a) Number of countries that have established national targets in accordance with or similar to Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 in their national biodiversity strategy and action plans and the progress reported towards these targets; and (b) integration of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting systems, defined as implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	4.1 Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.	6.6 (6. Clean water and sanitation) By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.	6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.1 Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.	11.4 (11. Sustainable cities and communities) Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.	11.4.1 Total per capita expenditure on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by source of funding (public, private), type of heritage (cultural, natural) and level of government (national, regional, and local/municipal)
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.1 Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.	14.2 (14. Life below water) By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.	14.2.1 Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.1 Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.	14.5 (14. Life below water) By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.	14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.1 Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.	15.5 (15. Life on land) Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity, and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.	15.5.1 Red List Index
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.1 Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.	15.7 (15. Life on land) Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products.	15.7.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	4.2 Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.	6.6 (6. Clean water and sanitation) By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.	6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.2 Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.	11.4 (11. Sustainable cities and communities) Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.	11.4.1 Total per capita expenditure on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by source of funding (public, private), type of heritage (cultural, natural) and level of government (national, regional, and local/municipal)
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.2 Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.	14.2 (14. Life below water) By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.	14.2.1 Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.2 Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.	14.5 (14. Life below water) By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.	14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.2 Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.	15.5 (15. Life on land) Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity, and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.	15.5.1 Red List Index
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	4.3 The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.	6.6 (6. Clean water and sanitation) By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.	6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.3 The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.	14.2 (14. Life below water) By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.	14.2.1 Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.3 The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.	14.5 (14. Life below water) By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.	14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.3 The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.	15.5 (15. Life on land) Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity, and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.	15.5.1 Red List Index
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	4.4 The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.	6.6 (6. Clean water and sanitation) By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.	6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.4 The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.	14.2 (14. Life below water) By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.	14.2.1 Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.4 The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.	14.5 (14. Life below water) By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.	14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.4 The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.	15.5 (15. Life on land) Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity, and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.	15.5.1 Red List Index
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	4.5 The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.	6.6 (6. Clean water and sanitation) By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.	6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.5 The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.	14.2 (14. Life below water) By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.	14.2.1 Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.5 The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.	14.5 (14. Life below water) By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.	14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat		4.5 The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.	15.5 (15. Life on land) Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity, and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.	15.5.1 Red List Index
	Ramsar convention Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat	5 The Contracting Parties shall consult with each other about implementing obligations arising from the Convention especially in the case of a wetland extending over the territories of more than one Contracting Party or where a water system is shared by Contracting Parties. They shall at the same time endeavour to coordinate and support present and future policies and regulations concerning the conservation of wetlands and their flora and fauna.	6.5 (6. Clean water and sanitation) By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate.	6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resources management 6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation

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