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在全世界消除一切形式的贫困

 1.4

到2030年，确保所有男女，特别是穷人和弱势群体，享有平等获取经济资源的权利，享有基本服务，获得对土地和其他形式财产的所有权和控制权，继承遗产，获取自然资源、适当的新技术和包括小额信贷在内的金融服务。

Indicators
1.4.1
其家庭可获得基本服务的人口比例
1.4.2
按性别和保有权类型分列，拥有可靠的土地保有权、(a) 拥有法律承认文件而且(b) 认为其土地权利受到保障者在总成年人口中所占的比例
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
17.1
人人有权享有单独的财产所有权以及同他人合有的所有权。
22
每个人、作为社会的一员，有权享受社会保障，并有权享受他的个人尊严和人格的自由发展所必需的经济、社会和文化方面各种权利的实现，这种实现是通过国家努力和国际合作并依照各国的组织和资源情况。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基於互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基于互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
2.2
本公约缔约各国承担保证，本公约所宣布的权利应予普遍行使，而不得有例如种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身分等任何区分。
3
本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和妇女在本公约所载一切经济、社会及文化权利方面有平等的权利。
9
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享受社会保障，包括社会保险。
11.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。
12.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。
13.1
本公约缔约各国承认，人人有受教育的权利。它们同意，教育应鼓励人的个性和尊严的充分发展，加强对人权和基本自由的尊重，并应使所有的人能有效地参加自由社会，促进各民族之间和各种族、人种或宗教团体之间的了解、容忍和友谊，和促进联合国维护和平的各项活动。
15.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权：
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
2.2
缔约国应于情况需要时在社会经济、文化及其他方面，采取特别具体措施确保属于各该国的若干种族团体或个人获得充分发展与保护，以期保证此等团体与个人完全并同等享受人权及基本自由，此等措施于所定目的达成后，绝不得产生在不同种族团体间保持不平等或个别行使权利的后果。
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.d 其他公民权利，其尤著者为：
5.d.v
单独占有及与他人合有财产的权利。
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.e 经济、社会及文化权利，其尤著者为：
5.e.iii
住宅权。
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.e 经济、社会及文化权利，其尤著者为：
5.e.iv
享受公共卫生、医药照顾、社会保障及社会服务的权利。
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.e 经济、社会及文化权利，其尤著者为：
5.e.v
享受教育与训练的权利。
CRC
儿童权利公约
2.1
缔约国应遵守本公约所载列的权利，并确保其管辖范围内的每一儿童均享受此种权利，不因儿童或其父母或法定监护人的种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、民族、族裔或社会出身、财产、伤残、出生或其他身份而有任何差别。
4
缔约国应采取一切适当的立法、行政和其他以实现本公约所确认的权利。关于经济、社会及文化权利，缔约国应根据其现有资源所允许的最大限度并视需要在国际合作范围内采取此类措施。
24.1
缔约国确认儿童有权享有可达到的最商标准的健康，并享有医疗和康复设施；缔约国应努力确保没有任何儿童被剥夺获得这种保健服务的权利。
26.1
缔约国应确认每个儿童有权受益于社会保障、包括社会保险，并应根据其国内法律采取必要措施充分实现这一权利。
27.1
缔约国确认每个儿童均有权享有足以促进其生理、心理、精神、道德和社会发展的生活水平。
27.2
父母或其他负责照顾儿童的人负有在其能力和经济条件许可范围内确保儿童发展所需生活条件的首要责任。
27.3
缔约国按照本国条件并其能力范围内，应采取适当措施帮助父母或其他负责照顾儿童的人实现此项权利，并在需要时提供物质援助和支助方案，特别是在营养、衣着和住房方面。
28.1 缔约国确认儿童有受教育的权利，为在机会均等的基础上逐步实现此项权利，缔约国尤应：
28.1.a
实现全面的免费义务小学教育。
28.1 缔约国确认儿童有受教育的权利，为在机会均等的基础上逐步实现此项权利，缔约国尤应：
28.1.b
鼓励发展不同形式的中学教育、包括普通和职业教育，使所有儿童均能享有和接受这种教育，并采取适当措施，诸如实行免费教育和对有需要的人提供津贴。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
3
缔约各国应承担在所有领域，特别是在政治、社会、经济、文化领域，采取一切适当措施，包括制定法律，保证妇女得到充分发展和进步，其目的是为确保她们在与男子平等的基础上，行使和享有人权和基本自由。
10 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.a
在各类教育机构，不论其在农村或城市，职业和行业辅导、学习的机会和文凭的取得，条件相同。在学前教育、普通教育、技术、专业和高等技术教育以及各种职业训练方面，都应保证这种平等。
12.1
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除在保健方面对妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上取得各种保健服务，包括有关计划生育的保健服务。
13 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除在经济和社会生活的其他方面对妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上有相同的权利，特别是:
13.a
领取家属津贴的权利。
13 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除在经济和社会生活的其他方面对妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上有相同的权利，特别是:
13.b
银行贷款、抵押和其他形式的金融信贷的权利。
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.a
充分参与各级发展规划的拟订和执行工作。
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.b
有权利用充分的保健设施，包括计划生育方面的知识、辅导和服务。
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.c
从社会保障方案直接受益。
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.d
接受各种正式和非正式的训练和教育，包括实用识字的训练和教育在内，以及除了别的以外，享受一切社区服务和推广服务的惠益，以提高她们的技术熟练程度。
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.e
组织自助团体和合作社，以通过受雇和自雇的途径取得平等的经济机会。
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.g
有权取得农业信贷，利用销售设施，获得适当技术，并在土地改革和土地垦植计划方面享有平等待遇。
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.h
享受适当的生活条件，特别是在住房、卫生、水电供应、交通和通讯方面。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
4.1 缔约国承诺确保并促进充分实现所有残疾人的一切人权和基本自由，使其不受任何基于残疾的歧视。为此目的，缔约国承诺:
4.1.c
在一切政策和方案中考虑保护和促进残疾人的人权。
4.1 缔约国承诺确保并促进充分实现所有残疾人的一切人权和基本自由，使其不受任何基于残疾的歧视。为此目的，缔约国承诺:
4.1.g
从事或促进研究和开发适合残疾人的新技术，并促进提供和使用这些新技术，包括信息和通信技术、助行器具、用品、辅助技术，优先考虑价格低廉的技术。
4.2
关于经济、社会和文化权利，各缔约国承诺尽量利用现有资源并于必要时在国际合作框架内采取措施，以期逐步充分实现这些权利，但不妨碍本公约中依国际法立即适用的义务。
24.1 缔约国确认残疾人享有受教育的权利。为了在不受歧视和机会均等的情况下实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保在各级教育实行包容性教育制度和终生学习，以便:
24.1.a
充分开发人的潜力，培养自尊自重精神，加强对人权、基本自由和人的多样性的尊重。
24.1 缔约国确认残疾人享有受教育的权利。为了在不受歧视和机会均等的情况下实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保在各级教育实行包容性教育制度和终生学习，以便:
24.1.b
最充分地发展残疾人的个性、才华和创造力以及智能和体能。
24.1 缔约国确认残疾人享有受教育的权利。为了在不受歧视和机会均等的情况下实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保在各级教育实行包容性教育制度和终生学习，以便:
24.1.c
使所有残疾人能切实参与一个自由的社会。
24.2 为了实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保:
24.2.a
残疾人不因残疾而被排拒于普通教育系统之外，残疾儿童不因残疾而被排拒于免费和义务初等教育或中等教育之外。
25 缔约国确认，残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视。缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保残疾人获得考虑到性别因素的医疗卫生服务，包括与健康有关的康复服务。缔约国尤其应当:
25.a
向残疾人提供其他人享有的，在范围、质量和标准方面相同的免费或费用低廉的医疗保健服务和方案，包括在性健康和生殖健康及全民公共卫生方案方面。
25 缔约国确认，残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视。缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保残疾人获得考虑到性别因素的医疗卫生服务，包括与健康有关的康复服务。缔约国尤其应当:
25.b
向残疾人提供残疾特需医疗卫生服务，包括酌情提供早期诊断和干预，并提供旨在尽量减轻残疾和预防残疾恶化的服务，包括向儿童和老年人提供这些服务。
25 缔约国确认，残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视。缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保残疾人获得考虑到性别因素的医疗卫生服务，包括与健康有关的康复服务。缔约国尤其应当:
25.C
尽量就近在残疾人所在社区，包括在农村地区，提供这些医疗卫生服务。
28.1
缔约国确认残疾人有权为自己及其家属获得适足的生活水平，包括适足的食物、衣物、住房，以及不断改善生活条件;缔约国应当采取适当步骤，保障和促进在不受基于残疾的歧视的情况下实现这项权利。
28.2 缔约国确认残疾人有权获得社会保护，并有权在不受基于残疾的歧视的情况下享有这项权利;缔约国应当采取适当步骤，保障和促进这项权利的实现，包括采取措施:
28.2.a
确保残疾人平等地获得洁净供水，并且确保他们获得适当和价格低廉的服务、用具和其他协助，以满足与残疾有关的需要。
28.2 缔约国确认残疾人有权获得社会保护，并有权在不受基于残疾的歧视的情况下享有这项权利;缔约国应当采取适当步骤，保障和促进这项权利的实现，包括采取措施:
28.2.b
确保残疾人，尤其是残疾妇女、女孩和老年人，可以利用社会保护方案和减贫方案。
28.2 缔约国确认残疾人有权获得社会保护，并有权在不受基于残疾的歧视的情况下享有这项权利;缔约国应当采取适当步骤，保障和促进这项权利的实现，包括采取措施:
28.2.c
确保生活贫困的残疾人及其家属，在与残疾有关的费用支出，包括适足的培训、辅导、经济援助和临时护理方面，可以获得国家援助。
28.2 缔约国确认残疾人有权获得社会保护，并有权在不受基于残疾的歧视的情况下享有这项权利;缔约国应当采取适当步骤，保障和促进这项权利的实现，包括采取措施:
28.2.d
确保残疾人可以参加公共住房方案。
28.2 缔约国确认残疾人有权获得社会保护，并有权在不受基于残疾的歧视的情况下享有这项权利;缔约国应当采取适当步骤，保障和促进这项权利的实现，包括采取措施:
28.2.e
确保残疾人可以平等享受退休福利和参加退休方案。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
27.1
在社会保障方面，移徙工人及其家庭成员应享有与就业国国民同样的待遇，只要他们符合该国适用的立法以及适用的双边或多边条约的规定。原籍国和就业国的有关当局可在任何时候作出必要安排来确定适用这一准则的方式。
27.2
在适用的立法不允许移徙工人及其家庭成员享有一种福利的情况下，有关国家应审查是否可能根据处于类似情况的本国国民所获待遇，偿还当事人对这种福利所缴的款额。
28
移徙工人及家庭成员应有权按与有关国家国民同等的待遇接受维持其生命或避免对其健康的不可弥补的损害而迫切需要的任何医疗。不得以他们在逗留或就业方面有任何不正常情况为由，而拒绝给予此种紧急医疗。
30
移徙工人的每一名子女应照与有关国家国民同等的待遇享有接受教育的基本权利。不得以其父亲或母亲在就业国的逗留或就业方面有任何不正常情况为由或因为其本人的逗留属不正常的情况，而拒绝或限制其进入公立幼儿园或学校。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
14.2
土著人，特别是土著儿童，有权不受歧视地获得国家提供的所有程度和 形式的教育。
21.1
土著人民有权不受歧视地改善其经济和社会状况，尤其是在教育、就业、 职业培训和再培训、住房、环境卫生、保健和社会保障等领域。
21.2
各国应采取有效措施，并在适当情况下采取特别措施，确保土著人民的 经济和社会状况持续得到改善。应特别关注土著老人、妇女、青年、儿童和残疾人的权利和特殊需要。
24.2
土著人拥有享受能够达到的最高标准身心健康的平等权利。各国应采取 必要步骤，使这一权利逐步得到充分实现。
26.1
土著人民对他们传统上拥有、占有或以其他方式使用或获得的土地、领 土和资源拥有权利。
39
土著人民有权从各国和通过国际合作获得财政和技术援助，以享受本《宣言》 所规定的权利。
ECHR Protocol
Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1
每个自然人或法人都被授予和平地享用其财产的 资格。除非为了公共利益并且符合法律以及国际法 一般原则所规定的条件，任何人都不应当被剥夺其 财产。 但是，前款规定不应当以任何方式损害一国的如 下权利：按其认为必要的方式去强制执行此类法律 以便依据一般利益来控制财产使用，或者保证税收 或其他捐税或罚金的支付。
European Social Charter
European Social Charter (Revised)
Part II
The Parties undertake, as provided for in Part III, to consider themselves bound by the obligations laid down in the following articles and paragraphs.
Part#I.8
Employed women, in case of maternity, have the right to a special protection.
Part#II.8
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of employed women to the protection of maternity, the Parties undertake:
Part#II.8.1
to provide either by paid leave, by adequate social security benefits or by benefits from public funds for employed women to take leave before and after childbirth up to a total of at least fourteen weeks;
Part#II.11
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to protection of health, the Parties undertake, either directly or in cooperation with public or private organisations, to take appropriate measures designed inter alia:
Part#II.11.1
to remove as far as possible the causes of ill-health;
Part#II.11.2
предоставление услуг консультационного и просветительского характера, направленных на укрепление здоровья и здорового образа жизни и на развитие чувства личной ответственности за свое здоровье;
Part#II.12
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to social security, the Parties undertake:
Part#I.12
All workers and their dependents have the right to social security.
Part#II.12.1
создать или поддерживать систему социального обеспечения
Part#II.12.2
to maintain the social security system at a satisfactory level at least equal to that necessary for the ratification of the European Code of Social Security;
Part#II.12.3
to endeavour to raise progressively the system of social security to a higher level;
Part#II.12.4
to take steps, by the conclusion of appropriate bilateral and multilateral agreements or by other means, and subject to the conditions laid down in such agreements, in order to ensure:
Part#II.12.4.a
equal treatment with their own nationals of the nationals of other Parties in respect of social security rights, including the retention of benefits arising out of social security legislation, whatever movements the persons protected may undertake between the territories of the Parties;
Part#II.12.4.b
the granting, maintenance and resumption of social security rights by such means as the accumulation of insurance or employment periods completed under the legislation of each of the Parties.
Part#II.13
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to social and medical assistance, the Parties undertake:
Part#II.13.1
to ensure that any person who is without adequate resources and who is unable to secure such resources either by his own efforts or from other sources, in particular by benefits under a social security scheme, be granted adequate assistance, and, in case of sickness, the care necessitated by his condition;
Part#II.13.2
to ensure that persons receiving such assistance shall not, for that reason, suffer from a diminution of their political or social rights;
Part#II.13.3
to provide that everyone may receive by appropriate public or private services such advice and personal help as may be required to prevent, to remove, or to alleviate personal or family want;
Part#II.13.4
to apply the provisions referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this article on an equal footing with their nationals to nationals of other Parties lawfully within their territories, in accordance with their obligations under the European Convention on Social and Medical Assistance, signed at Paris on 11 December 1953.
Part#I.14
Everyone has the right to benefit from social welfare services.
Part#II.14.2
to encourage the participation of individuals and voluntary or other organisations in the establishment and maintenance of such services.
Part#II.16
With a view to ensuring the necessary conditions for the full development of the family, which is a fundamental unit of society, the Parties undertake to promote the economic, legal and social protection of family life by such means as social and family benefits, fiscal arrangements, provision of family housing, benefits for the newly married and other appropriate means.
Part#II.17
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of children and young persons to grow up in an environment which encourages the full development of their personality and of their physical and mental capacities, the Parties undertake, either directly or in co-operation with public and private organisations, to take all appropriate and necessary measures designed:
Part#II.17.1.a
to ensure that children and young persons, taking account of the rights and duties of their parents, have the care, the assistance, the education and the training they need, in particular by providing for the establishment or maintenance of institutions and services sufficient and adequate for this purpose;
Part#II.30
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to protection against poverty and social exclusion, the Parties undertake:
Part#I.30
Everyone has the right to protection against poverty and social exclusion.
Part#II.30.a
to take measures within the framework of an overall and co-ordinated approach to promote the effective access of persons who live or risk living in a situation of social exclusion or poverty, as well as their families, to, in particular, employment, housing, training, education, culture and social and medical assistance;
Part#I.31
Everyone has the right to housing.
Part#II.31
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to housing, the Parties undertake to take measures designed:
Part#II.31.1
содействие доступу к жилью, отвечающему должным требованиям;
Part#II.31.2
to prevent and reduce homelessness with a view to its gradual elimination;
Part#II.31.3
to make the price of housing accessible to those without adequate resources.
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
4.2
The Parties undertake to adopt, where necessary, adequate measures in order to promote, in all areas of economic, social, political and cultural life, full and effective equality between persons belonging to a national minority and those belonging to the majority. In this respect, they shall take due account of the specific conditions of the persons belonging to national minorities.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
II
All persons are equal before the law and have the rights and duties established in this Declaration, without distinction as to race, sex, language, creed or any other factor.
XI
Every person has the right to the preservation of his health through sanitary and social measures relating to food, clothing, housing and medical care, to the extent permitted by public and community resources
XXIII
Every person has a right to own such private property as meets the essential needs of decent living and helps to maintain the dignity of the individual and of the home.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
1.1
The States Parties to this Convention undertake to respect the rights and freedoms recognized herein and to ensure to all persons subject to their jurisdiction the free and full exercise of those rights and freedoms, without any discrimination for reasons of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, economic status, birth, or any other social condition.
2
Where the exercise of any of the rights or freedoms referred to in Article 1 is not already ensured by legislative or other provisions, the States Parties undertake to adopt, in accordance with their constitutional processes and the provisions of this Convention, such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to those rights or freedoms.
21.1
Everyone has the right to the use and enjoyment of his property. The law may subordinate such use and enjoyment to the interest of society.
21.2
No one shall be deprived of his property except upon payment of just compensation, for reasons of public utility or social interest, and in the cases and according to the forms established by law.
21.3
Usury and any other form of exploitation of man by man shall be prohibited by law.
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
3
The State Parties to this Protocol undertake to guarantee the exercise of the rights set forth herein without discrimination of any kind for reasons related to race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinions, national or social origin, economic status, birth or any other social condition.
9.1
Everyone shall have the right to social security protecting him from the consequences of old age and of disability which prevents him, physically or mentally, from securing the means for a dignified and decent existence. In the event of the death of a beneficiary, social security benefits shall be applied to his dependents.
9.2
In the case of persons who are employed, the right to social security shall cover at least medical care and an allowance or retirement benefit in the case of work accidents or occupational disease and, in the case of women, paid maternity leave before and after childbirth.
10.1
Everyone shall have the right to health, understood to mean the enjoyment of the highest level of physical, mental and social well-being.
10.2
In order to ensure the exercise of the right to health, the States Parties agree to recognize health as a public good and, particularly, to adopt the following measures to ensure that right:
10.2.a
Primary health care, that is, essential health care made available to all individuals and families in the community;
10.2.b
Extension of the benefits of health services to all individuals subject to the State's jurisdiction;
10.2.c
Universal immunization against the principal infectious diseases;
10.2.d
Prevention and treatment of endemic, occupational and other diseases;
10.2.e
Education of the population on the prevention and treatment of health problems,
10.2.f
Satisfaction of the health needs of the highest risk groups and of those whose poverty makes them the most vulnerable.
13.1
Everyone has the right to education.
13.2
The States Parties to this Protocol agree that education should be directed towards the full development of the human personality and human dignity and should strengthen respect for human rights, ideological pluralism, fundamental freedoms, justice and peace. They further agree that education ought to enable everyone to participate effectively in a democratic and pluralistic society and achieve a decent existence and should foster understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups and promote activities for the maintenance of peace.
13.3
The States Parties to this Protocol recognize that in order to achieve the full exercise of the right to education:
13.3.a
Primary education should be compulsory and accessible to all without cost;
13.3.b
Secondary education in its different forms, including technical and vocational secondary education, should be made generally available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in particular, by the progressive introduction of free education;
13.3.c
Higher education should be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of individual capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular, by the progressive introduction of free education;
13.3.d
Basic education should be encouraged or intensified as far as possible for those persons who have not received or completed the whole cycle of primary instruction;
13.3.e
Programs of special education should be established for the handicapped, so as to provide special instruction and training to persons with physical disabilities or mental deficiencies.
13.4
In conformity with the domestic legislation of the States Parties, parents should have the right to select the type of education to be given to their children, provided that it conforms to the principles set forth above.
13.5
Nothing in this Protocol shall be interpreted as a restriction of the freedom of individuals and entities to establish and direct educational institutions in accordance with the domestic legislation of the States Parties.
16
Every child, whatever his parentage, has the right to the protection that his status as a minor requires from his family, society and the State. Every child has the right to grow under the protection and responsibility of his parents; save in exceptional, judicially-recognized circumstances, a child of young age ought not to be separated from his mother. Every child has the right to free and compulsory education, at least in the elementary phase, and to continue his training at higher levels of the educational system.
17
Everyone has the right to special protection in old age. With this in view the States Parties agree to take progressively the necessary steps to make this right a reality and, particularly, to:
17.a
Provide suitable facilities, as well as food and specialized medical care, for elderly individuals who lack them and are unable to provide them for themselves;
17.b
Undertake work programs specifically designed to give the elderly the opportunity to engage in a productive activity suited to their abilities and consistent with their vocations or desires;
18
Everyone affected by a diminution of his physical or mental capacities is entitled to receive special attention designed to help him achieve the greatest possible development of his personality. The States Parties agree to adopt such measures as may be necessary for this purpose and, especially, to:
18.a
Undertake programs specifically aimed at providing the handicapped with the resources and environment needed for attaining this goal, including work programs consistent with their possibilities and freely accepted by them or their legal representatives, as the case may be;
18.b
Provide special training to the families of the handicapped in order to help them solve the problems of coexistence and convert them into active agents in the physical, mental and emotional development of the latter;
Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
III
To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake:
IV
To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake to:
II
The objectives of this Convention are to prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society.
III.1
To adopt the legislative, social, educational, labor-related, or any other measures needed to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society, including, but not limited to:
III.1.a
Measures to eliminate discrimination gradually and to promote integration by government authorities and/or private entities in providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities such as employment, transportation, communications, housing, recreation, education, sports, law enforcement and administration of justice, and political and administrative activities;
V.2
The states parties shall create effective communication channels to disseminate among the public and private organizations working with persons with disabilities the normative and juridical advances that may be achieved in order to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities
IV.2
Collaborate effectively in:
IV.2.a
Scientific and technological research related to the prevention of disabilities and to the treatment, rehabilitation, and integration into society of persons with disabilities;
IV.2.b
The development of means and resources designed to facilitate or promote the independence, self-sufficiency, and total integration into society of persons with disabilities, under conditions of equality.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
2
Every individual shall be entitled to the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms recognized and guaranteed in the present Charter without distinction of any kind such as race, ethnic group, colour, sex, language, religion, political or any other opinion, national and social origin, fortune, birth or other status.
14
The right to property shall be guaranteed. It may only be encroached upon in the interest of public need or in the general interest of the community and in accordance with the provisions of appropriate laws.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
1.1
Member States of the Organization of African Unity, Parties to the present Charter shall recognize the rights, freedoms and duties enshrined in this Charter and shall undertake the necessary steps, in accordance with their Constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Charter, to adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of this Charter.
11.3
State Parties to the present Charter shall take all appropriate measures with a view to achieving the full realization of this right and shall in particular:
11.3.a
provide free and compulsory basic education;
11.3.b
encourage the development of secondary education in its different forms and progressively make it free and accessible to all;
11.3.c
make higher education accessible to all on the basis of capacity and ability by every appropriate means;
11.3.e
take special measures in respect of female, gifted and disadvantaged children, to ensure equal access to education for all sections of the community.
13.1
Every child who is mentally or physically disabled shall have the right to special measures of protection in keeping with his physical and moral needs and under conditions which ensure his dignity, promote his self-reliance and active participation in the community.
13.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall ensure, subject to available resources, to a disabled child and to those responsible for his care, assistance for which application is made and which is appropriate to the child’s condition and in particular shall ensure that the disabled child has effective access to training, preparation for employment and recreation opportunities in a manner conducive to the child achieving the fullest possible social integration, individual development and his/her cultural and moral development.
13.3
The State Parties to the present Charter shall use their available resources with a view to achieving progressively the full convenience of the mentally and physically disabled person to movement and access to public highway buildings and other places to which the disabled may legitimately want to have access to.
14.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures:
14.2.b
to ensure the provision of necessary medical assistance and health care to all children with emphasis on the development of primary health care;
14.2.c
to ensure the provision of adequate nutrition and safe drinking water;
14.2.d
to combat disease and malnutrition within the framework of primary health care through the application of appropriate technology;
14.2.e
to ensure appropriate health care for expectant and nursing mothers;
14.2.f
to develop preventive health care and family life education and provision of service;
14.2.g
to integrate basic health service programmes in national development plans;
14.2.h
to ensure that all sectors of the society, in particular, parents, children, community leaders and community workers are informed and supported in the use of basic knowledge of child health and nutrition, the advantages of breastfeeding, hygiene and environmental sanitation and the prevention of domestic and other accidents;
14.2.i
to ensure the meaningful participation of non-governmental organizations, local communities and the beneficiary population in the planning and management of basic service programmes for children;
14.2.j
to support through technical and financial means, the mobilization of local community resources in the development of primary health care for children.
20.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall in accordance with their means and national conditions take all appropriate measures:
20.2.a
to assist parents and other persons responsible for the child and in case of need, provide material assistance and support programmes particularly with regard to nutrition, health, education, clothing and housing;
20.2.b
to assist parents and others responsible for the child in the performance of child-rearing and ensure the development of institutions responsible for providing care of children;
20.2.c
to ensure that the children of working parents are provided with care services and facilities.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
2.1
States Parties shall combat all forms of discrimination against women through appropriate legislative, institutional and other measures. In this regard they shall:
2.1.a
include in their national constitutions and other legislative instruments, if not already done, the principle of equality between women and men and ensure its effective application;
6
States Parties shall ensure that women and men enjoy equal rights and are regarded as equal partners in marriage. They shall enact appropriate national legislative measures to guarantee that:
6.j
during her marriage, a woman shall have the right to acquire her own property and to administer and manage it freely.
7
States Parties shall enact appropriate legislation to ensure that women and men enjoy the same rights in case of separation, divorce or annulment of marriage. In this regard, they shall ensure that:
7.d
in case of separation, divorce or annulment of marriage, women and men shall have the right to an equitable sharing of the joint property deriving from the marriage;
12.1
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
12.1.a
eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and guarantee equal opportunity and access in the sphere of education and training;
13
States Parties shall adopt and enforce legislative and other measures to guarantee women equal opportunities in work and career advancement and other economic opportunities. In this respect, they shall:
13.f
establish a system of protection and social insurance for women working in the informal sector and sensitise them to adhere to it;
14.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
14.2.a
provide adequate, affordable and accessible health services, including information, education and communication programmes to women especially those in rural areas;
14.2.b
establish and strengthen existing pre-natal, delivery and post-natal health and nutritional services for women during pregnancy and while they are breast-feeding;
15
States Parties shall ensure that women have the right to nutritious and adequate food. In this regard, they shall take appropriate measures to:
15.a
provide women with access to clean drinking water, sources of domestic fuel, land, and the means of producing nutritious food;
15.b
establish adequate systems of supply and storage to ensure food security
16
Women shall have the right to equal access to housing and to acceptable living conditions in a healthy environment. To ensure this right, States Parties shall grant to women, whatever their marital status, access to adequate housing.
18.1
Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment.
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.a
ensure greater participation of women in the planning, management and preservation of the environment and the sustainable use of natural resources at all levels;
18.2.c
protect and enable the development of women’s indigenous knowledge systems;
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.c
promote women’s access to and control over productive resources such as land and guarantee their right to property;
19.d
promote women’s access to credit, training, skills development and extension services at rural and urban levels in order to provide women with a higher quality of life and reduce the level of poverty among women;
21.1
A widow shall have the right to an equitable share in the inheritance of the property of her husband. A widow shall have the right to continue to live in the matrimonial house. In case of remarriage, she shall retain this right if the house belongs to her or she has inherited it.
21.2
Women and men shall have the right to inherit, in equitable shares, their parents' properties
23
The States Parties undertake to:
23.a
ensure the protection of women with disabilities and take specific measures commensurate with their physical, economic and social needs to facilitate their access to employment, professional and vocational training as well as their participation in decision-making;
24
The States Parties undertake to:
24.a
ensure the protection of poor women and women heads of families including women from marginalized population groups and provide an environment suitable to their condition and their special physical, economic and social needs;
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.j
Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
10
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.c
Protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements;
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.d
Support local populations to develop and implement remedial action in degraded areas where biological diversity has been reduced;
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
10.3.c
酌情建立和／或加强粮食安全系统包括储存和销售设施，尤其是在农村地区；
10.4
考虑到各个受影响国家缔约方有其具体的情况和要求，国家行动方案，除其他外，酌情 包括下列某些或所有涉及在受影响地区防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响、涉及其人口的优先领 域措施：提倡另谋生计并改善国家经济环境，以争取加强消灭贫困方案，加强粮食保障； 人口动态；以可持续方式管理自然资源；实行可持续的农业方式；开发和高效率地使用各 种能源；体制和法律框架；加强评估和系统观察能力包括水文和气象服务以及能力建设、 教育和公众意识。
16
The Parties agree, according to their respective capabilities, to integrate and coordinate the collection, analysis and exchange of relevant short term and long term data and information to ensure systematic observation of land degradation in affected areas and to understand better and assess the processes and effects of drought and desertification. This would help accomplish, inter alia, early warning and advance planning for periods of adverse climatic variation in a form suited for practical application by users at all levels, including especially local populations. To this end, they shall, as appropriate:
16.g
缔约方同意根据各自能力综合和协调有关长、短期数据及信息的收集、分析和交流工作， 确保有系统地观察受影响地区土地退化情况，更好地了解和评价干旱和荒漠化的过程和影 响。除其他外，这将可以用适合所有各级用户，包括尤其是以当地群众能够实际应用的形 式，对不利的气候变异时期提供早期预警和先期规划。为此，它们应酌情：
17.1
缔约方承诺根据自己的能力通过适当的国家、分区域、区域和国际机构促进防治荒漠化 和缓解干旱影响领域内的技术和科学合作。为此，它们应支持研究活动，这些研究活动：
17.1.c
保护、综合、增进和验证传统的和当地的知识、诀窃和做法，在符合各自国家立法 和／或政策的前提下确保拥有这种知识的人能以平等、相互商定的条件从这些知识的 商业利用或从这些知识所带来的技术发展直接获益；
19.1
缔约方确认，能力建设——即所谓机构建设、培训和有关本地和本国能力的发展——对防 治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响各种努力具有重要意义。缔约方应酌情以下列方式促进能力的建设：
19.1.c
建立和／或加强支助和推广服务，更有效地传播有关工艺方法和技术，培训实地工作 人员和农村组织成员，采取群众参与的方法，以保护和可持续地使用自然资源；
19.1.d
尽可能地促进在技术合作方案中利用和传播当地人民的知识、诀窃和做法；
19.1.e
بواسطة القيام، حيثما يلزم ذلك، بتكييف التكنولوجيا والأساليب التقليدية السليمة بيئيا ذات الصلة في الزراعة والنشاط الرعوي مبا يتناسب مع الأوضاع الاجتماعية - الاقتصادية احلديثة؛
19.1.f
提供适当的培训和技术，利用替代能源，尤其是可再生能源，以期特别是减少燃料方 面对木柴的依赖；
19.1.h
以创新的方式促进另谋生计，包括新技能的培训；