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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

保护和可持续利用海洋和海洋资源以促进可持续发展

 14.4

到2020年，有效规范捕捞活动，终止过度捕捞、非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动以及破坏性捕捞做法，执行科学的管理计划，以便在尽可能短的时间内使鱼群量至少恢复到其生态特征允许的能产生最高可持续产量的水平。

Indicators
14.4.1
在生物可持续产量水平范围内的鱼类种群的比例
 ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
15.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权：
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
15.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为保存、发展和传播科学和文化所必需的步骤。
15.3
本公约缔约各国承担尊重进行科学研究和创造性活动所不可缺少的自由。
15.4
本公约缔约各国认识到鼓励和发展科学与文化方面的国际接触和合作的好处。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.g
climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
3
States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
6
Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.a
Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned;
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.b
Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.c
Regulate or manage biological resources important for the conservation of biological diversity whether within or outside protected areas, with a view to ensuring their conservation and sustainable use;
8.d
Promote the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations of species in natural surroundings;
8.f
Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies;
8.i
Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.k
Develop or maintain necessary legislation and/or other regulatory provisions for the protection of threatened species and populations
8.l
Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
9
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, and predominantly for the purpose of complementing in-situ measures:
9.c
Adopt measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their reintroduction into their natural habitats under appropriate conditions;
10
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.a
Integrate consideration of the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision-making;
10.b
Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity;
10.e
Encourage cooperation between its governmental authorities and its private sector in developing methods for sustainable use of biological resources.
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
61.1
沿海国应决定其专属经济区内生物资源的可捕量。
61.2
沿海国参照其可得到的最可靠的科学证据,应通过正当的养护和管理措施,确保专属经济区内生物资源的维持不受过度开发的危害。在适当情形下,沿海国和各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,应为此目的进行合作。
61.3
这种措施的目的也应在包括沿海渔民社区的经济需要和发展中国家的特殊要求在内的各种有关的环境和经济因素的限制下,使捕捞鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到能够生产最高持续产量的水平,并考虑到捕捞方式、种群的相互依存以及任何一般建议的国际最低标准,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的。
61.4
沿海国在采取这种措施时,应考虑到与所捕捞鱼种有关联或依赖该鱼种而生存的鱼种所受的影响,以便使这些有关联或依赖的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到其繁殖不会受严重威胁的水平以上。
61.5
在适当情形下,应通过各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,并在所有有关国家,包括其国民获准在专属经济区捕鱼的国家参加下,经常提供和交换可获得的科学情报、渔获量和渔捞努力量统计,以及其他有关养护鱼的种群的资料。
62.1
沿海国应在不妨害第六十一条的情形下促进专属经济区内生物资源最适度利用的目的。
62.2
沿海国应决定其捕捞专属经济区内生物资源的能力。沿海国在没有能力捕捞全部可捕量的情形下,应通过协定或其他安排,并根据第 4 款所指的条款、条件、法律和规章,准许其他国家捕捞可捕量的剩余部分,特别顾及第六十九和第七十条的规定,尤其是关于其中所提到的发展中国家的部分。
62.3
沿海国在根据本条准许其他国家进入其专属经济区时,应考虑到所有有关因素,除其他外,包括:该区域的生物资源对有关沿海国的经济和其他国家利益的重要性,第六十九和第七十条的规定,该分区域或区域内的发展中国家捕捞一部分剩余量的要求,以及尽量减轻其国民惯常在专属经济区捕鱼或曾对研究和测定种群做过大量工作的国家经济失调现象的需要。
62.4
在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.b
决定可捕鱼种,和确定渔获量的限额,不论是关于特定种群或多种种群或 一定期间的单船渔获量,或关于特定期间内任何国家国民的渔获量;
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.c
规定渔汛和渔区,可使用渔具的种类、大小和数量以及渔船的种类、大小 和数目;
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.d
确定可捕鱼类和其他鱼种的年龄和大小
62.4.f
要求在沿海国授权和控制下进行特定渔业研究计划,并管理这种研究的进 行,其中包括渔获物抽样、样品处理和相关科学资料的报告;
62.4.k
执行程序。
64.1
沿海国和其国民在区域内捕捞附件一所列的高度回游鱼种的其他国家应直接或通过适当国际组织进行合作,以期确保在专属经济区以内和以外的整个区域内的这种鱼种的养护和促进最适度利用这种鱼种的目标。在没有适当的国际组织存在的区域内,沿海国和其国民在区域内捕捞这些鱼种的其他国家,应合作设立这种组织并参加其工作。
65
本部分的任何规定并不限制沿海国的权利或国际组织的职权,对捕捉海洋哺乳动物执行较本部分规定更为严格的、禁止限制或管制。各国应进行合作,以期养护海洋哺乳动物,在有关鲸目动物方面,尤应通过适当的国际组织,致力于这种动物的养护、管理和研究。
66.2
溯河产卵种群的鱼源国,应制订关于在其专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的一切水域中的捕捞和关于第 3 款(b)项中所规定的捕捞的适当管理措施,以确保这种种群的养护。鱼源国可与第 3 和第 4 款所指的捕捞这些种群的其他国家协商后,确定源自其河流的种群的总可捕量。
66.4
在溯河产卵种群回游进入或通过鱼源国以外国家的专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的水域的情形下,该国应在养护和管理这种种群方面同鱼源国进行合作。
67.1
降河产卵鱼种在其水域内度过大部分生命周期的沿海国,应有责任管理这些鱼种,并应确保回游鱼类的出入。
117
所有国家均有义务为各该国国民采取,或与其他国家合作采取养护公海生物资源的必要措施。
118
各国应互相合作以养护和管理公海区域内的生物资源。凡其国民开发相同生物资源,或在同一区域内开发不同生物资源的国家,应进行谈判,以期采取养护有关生物资源的必要措施。为此目的,这些国家应在适当情形下进行合作,以设立分区域或区域渔业组织。
119.1
在对公海生物资源决定可捕量和制订其他养护措施时,各国应:
119.1.a
采取措施,其目的在于根据有关国家可得到的最可靠的科学证据,并在包括发展中国家的特殊要求在内的各种有关环境和经济因素的限制下,使捕捞的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到能够生产最高持续产量的水平,并考虑到捕捞方式、种群的相互依存以及任何一般建议的国际最低标准,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的;
119.1.b
考虑到与所捕捞鱼种有关联或依赖该鱼种而生存的鱼种所受的影响,以便使这种有关联或依赖的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到其繁殖不会受严重威胁的水平以上。
119.3
有关国家应确保养护措施及其实施不在形式上或事实上对任何国家的渔民有所歧视。