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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

建设包容、安全、有抵御灾害能力和可持续的城市和人类住区

 11.5

到2030年，大幅减少包括水灾在内的各种灾害造成的死亡人数和受灾人数，大幅减少上述灾害造成的与全球国内生产总值有关的直接经济损失，重点保护穷人和处境脆弱群体。

Indicators
11.5.1
每10 万人当中因灾害死亡、失踪和直接受影响的人数
11.5.2
灾害造成的直接经济损失(与全球国内生产总值相比)、重要基础设施的损坏和基本服务的中断次数
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
3
人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
6.1
人人有固有的生命权。这个权利应受法律保护。不得任意剥夺任何人的生命。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
10 本公约缔约各国承认：
10.3
应为一切儿童和少年采取特殊的保护和协助措施，不得因出身或其他条件而有任何歧视。儿童和少年应予保护免受经济和社会的剥削。雇佣他们做对他们的道德或健康有害或对生命有危险的工作或做足以妨害他们正常发育的工作，依法应受惩罚。各国亦应规定限定的年龄，凡雇佣这个年龄以下的童工，应予禁止和依法应受惩罚。
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
CRC
儿童权利公约
6.1
缔约国确认每个儿童均有固有的生命权。
6.2
缔约国应最大限度地确保儿童的存活与发展。
37 缔约国应确保：
37.c
所有被剥夺自由的儿童应受到人道待遇，其人格固有尊严应受尊重，并应考虑到他们这个年龄的人的需要的方式加以对待。特别是，所有被剥夺自由的儿童应同成人隔开，除非认为反之最有利于儿童，并有权通过信件和探访同家人保持联系，但特殊情况除外。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
10
缔约国重申人人享有固有的生命权，并应当采取一切必要措施，确保残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上切实享有这一权利。
11
缔约国应当依照国际法包括国际人道主义法和国际人权法规定的义务，采取一切必要措施，确保在危难情况下，包括在发生武装冲突、人道主义紧急情况和自然灾害时，残疾人获得保护和安全。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
9
移徙工人及其家庭成员的生命权应受法律保护。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
7.1
土著人享有生命权以及身心健全、人身自由和安全的权利。
DEVAW
消除对妇女暴力宣言
3 妇女有权在政治、经济、社会、文化、公民或其他任何领域平等享有所有人权和基本自由，这些人权和自由应受到保护，这些权利尤其包括：
3.a
生命权利
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
1
The objective of the present Agreement is to guarantee the full and effective implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of the rights of access to environmental information, public participation in the environmental decision-making process and access to justice in environmental matters, and the creation and strengthening of capacities and cooperation, contributing to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in a healthy environment and to sustainable development.
4.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.5
Each Party shall guarantee that in the case of an imminent threat to public health or the environment, the relevant competent authority shall immediately disclose and disseminate through the most effective means all pertinent information in its possession that could help the public take measures to prevent or limit potential damage. Each Party shall develop and implement an early warning system using available mechanisms.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
7.15
In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed.
7.16
The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
I
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.1
Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services.
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
4
Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others:
4.a
The right to have her life respected;
5
Every woman is entitled to the free and full exercise of her civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, and may rely on the full protection of those rights as embodied in regional and international instruments on human rights. The States Parties recognize that violence against women prevents and nullifies the exercise of these rights.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
4
Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
6
Every individual shall have the right to liberty and to the security of his person. No one may be deprived of his freedom except for reasons and conditions previously laid down by law. In particular, no one may be arbitrarily arrested or detained.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
5.1
Every child has an inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law.
5.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall ensure, to the maximum extent possible, the survival, protection and development of the child.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
4.1
Every woman shall be entitled to respect for her life and the integrity and security of her person. All forms of exploitation, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.f
ensure that the negative effects of globalisation and any adverse effects of the implementation of trade and economic policies and programmes are reduced to the minimum for women.
联合国气候变化框架公约
联合国气候变化框架公约
3
各缔约方在为实现本公约的目标和履行其各项规定而采取行动时，除其他 外，应以下列作为指导：
3.3
各缔约方应当采取预防措施，预测、防止或尽量减少引起气候变化的原因，并缓解其不利影响。当存在造成严重或不可逆转的损害的威胁时，不应当以科学上没有完全的确定性为理由推迟采取这类措施，同时考虑到应付气候变化的政策和措施应当讲求成本效益，确保以尽可能最低的费用获得全球效益。为此，这种政策和措施应当考虑到不同的社会经济情况，并且应当具有全面性，包括所有有关的温室气体源、汇和库及适应措施，并涵盖所有经济部门。应付气候变化的努力可由有关的缔约方合作进行。
4.1
All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall:
4.1.h
所有缔约方，考虑到它们共同但有区别的责任，以及各自具体的国家和区域发展优先顺序、目标和情况，应：促进和合作进行关于气候系统和气候变化以及关于各种应对战略所带来的经济和社会后果的科学、技术、工艺、社会经济和法律方面的有关信息的充分、公开和迅速的交流；
巴黎协 定
巴黎协 定
2.1
本协定在加强《公约》，包括其目标的履行方面，旨在联系可持续发展和消除贫困的努力，加强对气候变化威胁的全球应对，包括：
2.1.b
提高适应气候变化不利影响的能力并以不威胁粮食生产的方式增强气候复原力和温室气体低排放发展；并
7.1
締约方兹确立关于提高适应能力、加强复原力和减少对气候变化的脆弱性的全球适应目标，以促进可持续发展，并确保在第二条所述气温目标方面采取充分的适应对策。
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
5.a
يلاء الأولوية الواجبة ملكافحة التصحر وتخفيف آثار اجلفاف، وتخصيص موارد كافية وفقا لظروفها وقدراتها؛
10.1
国家行动方案的目的是查明造成荒漠化的因素，并提出防治荒漠化、缓解干旱影响所必 需的实际措施。
10.2
国家行动方案应当明确指出政府、地方社区和土地使用者各自的作用，同时确定可得到 的和需要的资源。国家行动方案除其他外应：
10.2.a
_x0007_纳入防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响的长期战略，强调贯彻实施并与国家可持续发展政策 相结合；
10.2.b
允许根据情况变化作出修改，并应在地方一级具有足够的灵活性，以适应不同的社会 经济、生物及自然地理条件；
10.2.c
уделяют особое внимание осуществлению превентивных мер в отношени земель, которые еще не подверглись деградации или подверглись ей лишь в незначительной степени;
10.2.d
提高国家气候、气象和水文能力以及增强提供干旱早期预警的手段；
10.2.e
_x0007_促进政策和加强机构框架，本着伙伴精神在捐助界、各级政府、当地群众和社区团体 之间发展合作和协调，同时方便当地群众取得适当的信息和技术；
10.2.f
设法在地方、国家和区域各级让非政府组织和当地男女群众，特别是资源的使用者， 包括农民和牧民及他们的代表组织，有效参与国家行动方案的政策规划、决策、实施 和审查；以及
10.2.g
规定定期审查方案的实施情况并提出进展报告。
10.3
国家行动方案，除其他外，可包括下列某些或所有旨在对付和缓解干旱影响的措施：
10.3.a
酌情建立和／或加强早期预警系统，包括地方和国家设施及分区域和区域两级的联合 系统，以及援助环境导致的流离失所者的机制；
10.3.b
加强考虑到季节和年度气候预测的防旱抗旱工作，包括地方、国家、分区域和区域各 级的干旱应急计划；
10.3.c
酌情建立和／或加强粮食安全系统包括储存和销售设施，尤其是在农村地区；
10.3.d
составление проектов по альтернативным источникам средств к существованию, которые могут обеспечить получение доходов в районах, подверженных засухе;
10.3.e
为农作物和牲畜制订可持续的灌溉方案。
10.4
考虑到各个受影响国家缔约方有其具体的情况和要求，国家行动方案，除其他外，酌情 包括下列某些或所有涉及在受影响地区防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响、涉及其人口的优先领 域措施：提倡另谋生计并改善国家经济环境，以争取加强消灭贫困方案，加强粮食保障； 人口动态；以可持续方式管理自然资源；实行可持续的农业方式；开发和高效率地使用各 种能源；体制和法律框架；加强评估和系统观察能力包括水文和气象服务以及能力建设、 教育和公众意识。