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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

建设包容、安全、有抵御灾害能力和可持续的城市和人类住区

 11.3

到2030年，在所有国家加强包容和可持续的城市建设，加强参与性、综合性、可持续的人类住区规划和管理能力。

Indicators
11.3.1
土地使用率与人口增长率之间的比率
11.3.2
已设立以民主方式定期运作的、民间社会直接参与城市规划和管理架构的城市所占百分比
 UNDHRD
人权维护者宣言
8.1
人人有权单独地和与他人一起,在不歧视的基础上得到有效机会,参加治理国事, 管理公共事务
8.1 人人有权单独地和与他人一起,在不歧视的基础上得到有效机会,参加治理国事, 管理公共事务
8.2
这特别包括有权单独地和与他人一起向政府机构 机关和负责公共事务的组织提 出批评和建议,以便改进其运作,提请人们注意其工作中可能阻挠或妨碍促进 保护和实现 人权和基本自由的任何方面
18.2
个人 群体 机构和非政府组织可发挥重要作用 并负有责任保障民主,促进人权和 基本自由,为促进民主社会 民主体制和民主进程的进步作出贡献
UDHR
世界人权宣言
21.1
人人有直接或通过自由选择的代表参与治理本国的权利。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.a
直接或通过自由选择的代表参与公共事务；
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.b
在真正的定期的选举中选举和被选举，这种选举应是普遍的和平等的并以无记名投票方式进行，以保证选举人的意志的自由表达；
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.c
政治权利，其尤著者为依据普遍平等投票权参与选举——选举与竞选——参加政府以及参加处理任何等级的公务与同等服公务的权利。
CRC
儿童权利公约
12.1
缔约国应确保有主见能力的儿童有权对影响到其本人的一切事项自由发表自己的意见，对儿童的意见应按照其年龄和成熟程度给以适当的看待。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
7 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在本国政治和公众事务中对妇女的歧视,特别应保证妇女在与男子平等的条件下:
7.a
在一切选举和公民投票中有选举权，并在一切民选机构有被选举权。
7 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在本国政治和公众事务中对妇女的歧视,特别应保证妇女在与男子平等的条件下:
7.b
参加政府政策的制订及其执行，并担任各级政府公职，执行一切公务。
7 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在本国政治和公众事务中对妇女的歧视,特别应保证妇女在与男子平等的条件下:
7.c
参加有关本国公众和政治事务的非政府组织和协会。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
4.3
缔约国应当在为实施本公约而拟订和施行立法和政策时以及在涉及残疾人问题的其他决策过程中，通过代表残疾人的组织，与残疾人，包括残疾儿童，密切协商，使他们积极参与。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
41.1
移徙工人及其家庭成员应有权按照其原籍国的立法规定，参加该国的公共事务，并在该国的选举中有选举权和被选举权。
41.2
有关国家应酌情并按照本国立法规定，便利这些权利的行使。
42.1
缔约国应考虑设立各种程序或机构，以便可在原籍国和在就业国通过这些程序或机构考虑到移徙工人及其家庭成员的特殊需要、愿望和义务，并应酌情考虑是否可能让移徙工人及其家庭成员在这些机构中有他们自由选出的代表。
42.2
就业国在有关地方社区的生活和行政的决定方面，应按照其本国立法的规定，便利移徙工人及其家庭成员进行磋商或参加。
42.3
移徙工人在就业国可享有该国行使其主权所给予他们的政治权利。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.5
Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.9
Each Party shall promote access to environmental information contained in concessions, contracts, agreements or authorizations granted, which involve the use of public goods, services or resources, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
7.1
Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5
The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.a
the type or nature of the environmental decision under consideration and, where appropriate, in non-technical language;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.b
the authority responsible for making the decision and other authorities and bodies involved;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.c
the procedure foreseen for the participation of the public, including the date on which the procedure will begin and end, mechanisms for participation and, where applicable, the date and place of any public consultation or hearing; and
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.d
the public authorities involved from which additional information on the environmental decision under consideration can be requested and the procedure for requesting information.
7.7
The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.8
Each Party shall ensure that, once a decision has been made, the public is informed in a timely manner thereof and of the grounds and reasons underlying the decision, including how the observations of the public have been taken into consideration. The decision and its basis shall be made public and be accessible.
7.9
The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.10
Each Party shall establish conditions that are favourable to public participation in environmental decision-making processes and that are adapted to the social, economic, cultural, geographical and gender characteristics of the public.
7.11
When the primary language of the directly affected public is different to the official languages, the public authority shall ensure that means are provided to facilitate their understanding and participation.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
7.13
Each Party shall encourage the establishment of appropriate spaces for consultation on environmental matters or the use of those that are already in existence in which various groups and sectors are able to participate. Each Party shall promote regard for local knowledge, dialogue and interaction of different views and knowledge, where appropriate.
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
15
The Parties shall create the conditions necessary for the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities in cultural, social and economic life and in public affairs, in particular those affecting them.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
18
Everyone affected by a diminution of his physical or mental capacities is entitled to receive special attention designed to help him achieve the greatest possible development of his personality. The States Parties agree to adopt such measures as may be necessary for this purpose and, especially, to:
18.c
Include the consideration of solutions to specific requirements arising from needs of this group as a priority component of their urban development plans;
Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
V.1
To the extent that it is consistent with their respective internal laws, the states parties shall promote participation by representatives of organizations of persons with disabilities, nongovernmental organizations working in this area, or, if such organizations do not exist, persons with disabilities, in the development, execution, and evaluation of measures and policies to implement this Convention
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
13.1
Every citizen shall have the right to participate freely in the government of his country, either directly of through freely chosen representatives in accordance with the provisions of the law.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
13.1
Every child who is mentally or physically disabled shall have the right to special measures of protection in keeping with his physical and moral needs and under conditions which ensure his dignity, promote his self-reliance and active participation in the community.
13.3
The State Parties to the present Charter shall use their available resources with a view to achieving progressively the full convenience of the mentally and physically disabled person to movement and access to public highway buildings and other places to which the disabled may legitimately want to have access to.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
9.1
States Parties shall take specific positive action to promote participative governance and the equal participation of women in the political life of their countries through affirmative action, enabling national legislation and other measures to ensure that:
9.1.a
women participate without any discrimination in all elections;
9.1.b
women are represented equally at all levels with men in all electoral processes;
9.1.c
women are equal partners with men at all levels of development and implementation of State policies and development programmes.
9.2
States Parties shall ensure increased and effective representation and participation of women at all levels of decision-making.
23
The States Parties undertake to:
23.a
ensure the protection of women with disabilities and take specific measures commensurate with their physical, economic and social needs to facilitate their access to employment, professional and vocational training as well as their participation in decision-making;
联合国气候变化框架公约
联合国气候变化框架公约
4.1
All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall:
4.1.c
在所有有关部门，包括能源、运输、工业、农业、林业和废物管理部 门，促进和合作发展、应用和传播(包括转让)各种用来控制、减少或防止《蒙特 利尔议定书》未予管制的温室气体的人为排放的技术、做法和过程；
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
14.1
Each Contracting Party, as far as possible and as appropriate, shall:
14.1.a
Introduce appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likeiy to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where appropriate. allow for public participation in such procedures;