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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

消除饥饿，实现粮食安全，改善营养状况和促进可持续农业

 2.a

通过加强国际合作等方式，增加对农村基础设施、农业研究和推广服务、技术开发、植物和牲畜基因库的投资，以增强发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家的农业生产能力。

Indicators
2.a.1
政府支出的农业取向指数
2.a.2
用于农业部门的官方资金(官方发展援助和其他官方资金流)总额
 ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
11.2 本公约缔约各国既确认人人享有免于饥饿的基本权利，应为下列目的，个别采取必要的措施或经由国际合作采取必要的措施，包括具体的计划在内：
11.2.a
用充分利用科技知识、传播营养原则的知识、和发展或改革土地制度以使天然资源得到最有效的开发和利用等方法，改进粮食的生产、保存及分配方法；
15.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权：
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
12.2
In order to promote the exercise of this right and eradicate malnutrition, the States Parties undertake to improve methods of production, supply and distribution of food, and to this end, agree to promote greater international cooperation in support of the relevant national policies.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
5
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, cooperate with other Contracting Parties, directly or. where appropriate, through competent international organizations, in respect of areas beyond national jurisdiction and on other matters of mutual interest, for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.i
Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8.l
Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
8.m
Cooperate in providing financial and other support for in-situ conservation outlined in subparagraphs (a) to (1) above, particularly to developing countries
12
The Contracting Parties, taking into account the special needs of developing countries, shall:
12.b
Promote and encourage research which contributes to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, particularly in developing countries, inter alia, in accordance with decisions of the Conference of the Parties taken in consequence of recommendations of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice;
12.c
In keeping with the provisions of Articles 16. 13 and 20. promote and cooperate in the use of scientific advances in biological diversity research in developing methods for conservation and sustainable use of biological resources;
16.1
Each Contracting Party, recognizing that technology includes biotechnology, and that both access to and transfer of technology among Contracting Parties are essential elements for the attainment of the objectives of this Convention, undertakes subject to the provisions of this Article to provide and/or facilitate access for and transfer to other Contracting Parties of technologies that are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or make use of genetic resources and do not cause significant damage to the environment.
16.2
Access to and transfer of technology referred to in paragraph 1 above to developing countries shall be provided and/or facilitated under fair and most favourable terms, including on concessional and referential terms where mutually agreed, and, where necessary, in accordance with the financial mechanism established by Articles 20 and 21. In the case of technology subject to patents and other intellectual property rights, such access and transfer shall be provided on terms which recognize and are consistent with the adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights. The application of this paragraph shall be consistent with paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 below.
16.3
Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, with the aim that Contracting Parties, in particular those that are developing countries, which provide genetic resources are provided access to and transfer of technology which makes use of those resources, on mutually agreed terms, including technology protected by patents and other intellectual property rights, where necessary, through the provisions of Articles 20 and 21 and in accordance with international law and consistent with paragraphs 4 and 5 below.
16.4
Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, with the aim that the private sector facilitates access to, joint development and transfer of technology referred to in paragraph 1 above for the benefit of both governmental institutions and the private sector of developing countries and in this regard shall abide by the obligations included in paragraphs 1. 2 and 3 above.
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
11
受影响国家缔约方应按照有关的区域执行附件酌情进行协商和合作，拟订分区域和／或区域 行动方案，以协调、补充和提高国家方案的效率。第十条的规定经修改后应适用于分区域和 区域方案。这种合作可包括关于对跨边界自然资源实行可持续管理、开展科学技术合作和加 强有关机构的议定联合方案。
12
受影响国家缔约方应协同其他缔约方和国际社会合力确保促进一个有利于实施《公约》的扶持 性国际环境。这种合作也应包括技术转让、科学研究和发展、信息收集和传播以及资金资源等 领域。
18.1
缔约方承诺相互商定并依照各自的国家立法和／或政策促进、资助和／或便利资助、转 让、获取、改造和开发有关防治荒漠化和／或缓解干旱影响的无害环境、经济上可行、社 会上可以接受的技术，以此为受影响地区实现可持续发展作出贡献。这类合作应酌情以双 边或多边方式开展，充分利用政府间组织和非政府组织的专门知识。缔约方尤应：
18.1.a
_x0007_充分利用有关的现有国家、分区域、区域和国际信息系统和交流中心，传播与下列各项 有关的信息：可获得的技术、其来源、其环境风险，以及获得这些技术的大致条件；
18.1.b
便利特别是受影响发展中国家缔约方以有利条件，包括相互议定的减让和优惠条件在 顾及需保护知识产权的前提下获取最宜实际用来解决当地群众特殊需要的技术，要特 别注意这类技术的社会、文化、经济和环境影响；
18.1.c
облегчают технологическое сотрудничество между пострадавшими странами Сторонами путем предоставления финансовой помощи или других соотвествующих средств
18.1.d
_x0007_尤其要把与受影响发展中国家缔约方开展的技术合作推广到促进另谋生计部门，相关 情况下包括合资经营；以及
18.1.e
_x0007_采取措施，创造有利于发展、转让、获取、改造适用技术、知识、诀窍和做法的国内市 场条件，提出财政鼓励或其他鼓励办法，包括确保充分和有效保护知识产权的措施。
20.1
鉴于为实现《公约》目标筹资至为重要，缔约方应视其能力尽力确保防治荒漠化和缓解 干旱影响的方案得到充分的资金资源。
20.2
在这方面，发达国家缔约方，在不忽视其他区域的受影响发展中国家缔约方的前提下， 根据第七条规定对非洲给予优先，同时承诺：
20.2.c
通过国际合作，便利技术知识和诀窍的转让；以及
20.3
受影响发展中国家缔约方，按其能力，承诺为执行其国家行动方案筹集充分资金资源。