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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

在全世界消除一切形式的贫困

 1.5

到2030年，增强穷人和弱势群体的抵御灾害能力，降低其遭受极端天气事件和其他经济、社会、环境冲击和灾害的概率和易受影响程度。

Indicators
1.5.1
每10万人当中因灾害死亡、失踪和直接受影响的人数
1.5.2
灾害造成的直接经济损失与全球国内生产总值相比
1.5.3
依照《2015-2030年仙台减少灾害风险框架》通过和执行国家减少灾害风险战略的国家数目
1.5.4
依照国家减少灾害风险战略通过和执行地方减少灾害风险战略的地方政府比例
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
3
人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
6.1
人人有固有的生命权。这个权利应受法律保护。不得任意剥夺任何人的生命。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
10
缔约国重申人人享有固有的生命权，并应当采取一切必要措施，确保残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上切实享有这一权利。
11
缔约国应当依照国际法包括国际人道主义法和国际人权法规定的义务，采取一切必要措施，确保在危难情况下，包括在发生武装冲突、人道主义紧急情况和自然灾害时，残疾人获得保护和安全。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
9
移徙工人及其家庭成员的生命权应受法律保护。
DEVAW
消除对妇女暴力宣言
3 妇女有权在政治、经济、社会、文化、公民或其他任何领域平等享有所有人权和基本自由，这些人权和自由应受到保护，这些权利尤其包括：
3.a
生命权利
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
1
The objective of the present Agreement is to guarantee the full and effective implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of the rights of access to environmental information, public participation in the environmental decision-making process and access to justice in environmental matters, and the creation and strengthening of capacities and cooperation, contributing to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in a healthy environment and to sustainable development.
4.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.5
Each Party shall guarantee that in the case of an imminent threat to public health or the environment, the relevant competent authority shall immediately disclose and disseminate through the most effective means all pertinent information in its possession that could help the public take measures to prevent or limit potential damage. Each Party shall develop and implement an early warning system using available mechanisms.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
7.15
In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed.
7.16
The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
I
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.1
Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services.
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
II
The objectives of this Convention are to prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society.
III
To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake:
III.1
To adopt the legislative, social, educational, labor-related, or any other measures needed to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society, including, but not limited to:
III.1.a
Measures to eliminate discrimination gradually and to promote integration by government authorities and/or private entities in providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities such as employment, transportation, communications, housing, recreation, education, sports, law enforcement and administration of justice, and political and administrative activities;
III.2
To work on a priority basis in the following areas:
III.2.a
Prevention of all forms of preventable disabilities;
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
4
Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others:
4.a
The right to have her life respected;
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
4
Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
5.1
Every child has an inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law.
5.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall ensure, to the maximum extent possible, the survival, protection and development of the child.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
4.1
Every woman shall be entitled to respect for her life and the integrity and security of her person. All forms of exploitation, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.
18.1
Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment.
24
The States Parties undertake to:
24.a
ensure the protection of poor women and women heads of families including women from marginalized population groups and provide an environment suitable to their condition and their special physical, economic and social needs;
联合国气候变化框架公约
联合国气候变化框架公约
2
本公约以及缔约方会议可能通过的任何相关法律文书的最终目标是：根据本公约的各项有关规定，将大气中温室气体的浓度稳定在防止气候系统受到危险的人为干扰的水平上。这一水平应当在足以使生态系统能够自然地适应气候变化、确保粮食生产免受威胁并使经济发展能够可持续地进行的时间范围内实现。
3
各缔约方在为实现本公约的目标和履行其各项规定而采取行动时，除其他 外，应以下列作为指导：
3.3
各缔约方应当采取预防措施，预测、防止或尽量减少引起气候变化的原因，并缓解其不利影响。当存在造成严重或不可逆转的损害的威胁时，不应当以科学上没有完全的确定性为理由推迟采取这类措施，同时考虑到应付气候变化的政策和措施应当讲求成本效益，确保以尽可能最低的费用获得全球效益。为此，这种政策和措施应当考虑到不同的社会经济情况，并且应当具有全面性，包括所有有关的温室气体源、汇和库及适应措施，并涵盖所有经济部门。应付气候变化的努力可由有关的缔约方合作进行。
3.4
各缔约方有权并且应当促进可持续的发展。保护气候系统免遭人为变化的政策和措施应当适合每个缔约方的具体情况，并应当结合到国家的发展计划中去，同时考虑到经济发展对于采取措施应付气候变化是至关重要的。
4.1
All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall:
4.1.b
制订、执行、公布和经常地更新国家的以及在适当情况下区域的计 划，其中包含从《蒙特利尔议定书》未予管制的所有温室气体的源的人为排放和 汇的清除来着手减缓气候变化的措施，以及便利充分地适应气候变化的措施；
巴黎协 定
巴黎协 定
2.1
本协定在加强《公约》，包括其目标的履行方面，旨在联系可持续发展和消除贫困的努力，加强对气候变化威胁的全球应对，包括：
2.1.a
把全球平均气温升幅控制在工业化前水平以上低于2°C之内，并努力将气温升幅限制在工业化前水平以上1.5°C之内，同时认识到这将大大减少气候变化的风险和影响；
2.1.b
提高适应气候变化不利影响的能力并以不威胁粮食生产的方式增强气候复原力和温室气体低排放发展；并
2.1.c
使资金流动符合温室气体低排放和气候适应型发展的路径。
4.1
为了实现第二条规定的长期气温目标，締约方旨在尽快迖到温室气体排放的全球峰值，同时认识到迖峰对发展中国家締约方来说需要更长的时间；此后利用现有的最佳科学迅速减排，以联系可持续发展和消除贫困，在公平的基础上，在本世纪下半叶实现温室气体源的人为排放与汇的清除之间的平衡。
7.1
締约方兹确立关于提高适应能力、加强复原力和减少对气候变化的脆弱性的全球适应目标，以促进可持续发展，并确保在第二条所述气温目标方面采取充分的适应对策。
7.2
缔约方认识到，适应是所有各方面临的全球挑战，具有地方、次国家、国家、区域和国际层面，它是为保护人民、生计和生态系统而采取的气候变化长期全球应对措施的关键组成部分和促进因素，同时也要考虑到特别易受气候变化不利影响的发展中国家迫在眉睫的需要。
7.5
締约方承认，适应行动应当遵循一种国家驱动、注重性别问题、参与型和充分透明的方法，同时考虑到脆弱群体、社区和生态系统，并应当基于和遵循现有的最佳科学，以及适当的传统知识、土著人民的知识和地方知识系统，以期将适应酌情纳入相关的社会经济和环境政策以及行动中。
7.9
各缔约方应酌情开展适应规划进程并采取各种行动，包括制订或加强相关的计划、政策和/或贡献，其中可包括：
7.9.a
落实适应行动、任务和/或努力；
7.9.b
процесс формулирования и осуществления национальных планов в области адаптации
7.9.c
评估气候变化影响和脆弱性，以拟订国家自主决定的优先行动，同时考虑到处于脆弱地位的人、地方和生态系统；
7.9.d
监测和评价适应计划、政策、方案和行动并从中学习；并
7.9.e
建设社会经济和生态系统的复原力，包括通过经济多样化和自然资源的可持续管理。
8.1
締约方认识到避免、尽量减轻和处理与气候变化（包括极端气候事件和缓发事件)不利影响相关的损失和损害的重要性，以及可持续发展对于减少损失和损害风险的作用。
8.4
据此，为加强理解、行动和支持而开展合作和提供便利的领域可包括以下方面：
8.4.a
системы раннего предупреждения
8.4.b
готовность к чрезвычайным ситуациям
8.4.c
медленно протекающие явления
8.4.d
可能涉及不可逆转和永久性损失和损害的事件；
8.4.e
комплексную оценку и управление риском
8.4.f
风险保险机制，气候风险分担安排和其他保险方案；
8.4.g
неэкономические потери
8.4.h
社区、生计和生态系统的复原力。
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
3
为实现本《公约》的目标和履行本《公约》各项规定，缔约方除其他外应以下列为指导：
3.a
缔约方应当确保群众和地方社区参与关于防治荒漠化和／或缓解干旱影响的方案的设计和实施决策，并在较高各级为便利国家和地方两级采取行动创造一种扶持环境；
4.2
为实现本《公约》的目标，缔约方应：
4.2.a
采取综合办法，处理荒漠化和干旱过程中的自然、生物和社会经济因素；
4.2.c
интегрируют стратегии, направленные на искоренение нищеты, в усилия п о борьбе с опустыниванием и смягчению последствий засухи;
5
除根据第四条应承担的义务之外，受影响国家缔约方承诺：
5.c
рассматривать вопросы устранения причин, лежащих в основе опустынивания и уделять особое внимание социально - экономическим факторам, способствующим развитию процессов опустынивания;
10.2
国家行动方案应当明确指出政府、地方社区和土地使用者各自的作用，同时确定可得到 的和需要的资源。国家行动方案除其他外应：
10.2.a
_x0007_纳入防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响的长期战略，强调贯彻实施并与国家可持续发展政策 相结合；
10.2.b
允许根据情况变化作出修改，并应在地方一级具有足够的灵活性，以适应不同的社会 经济、生物及自然地理条件；
10.2.c
уделяют особое внимание осуществлению превентивных мер в отношени земель, которые еще не подверглись деградации или подверглись ей лишь в незначительной степени;
10.2.d
提高国家气候、气象和水文能力以及增强提供干旱早期预警的手段；
10.2.f
设法在地方、国家和区域各级让非政府组织和当地男女群众，特别是资源的使用者， 包括农民和牧民及他们的代表组织，有效参与国家行动方案的政策规划、决策、实施 和审查；以及
10.3.a
酌情建立和／或加强早期预警系统，包括地方和国家设施及分区域和区域两级的联合 系统，以及援助环境导致的流离失所者的机制；
10.3.b
加强考虑到季节和年度气候预测的防旱抗旱工作，包括地方、国家、分区域和区域各 级的干旱应急计划；
10.3.c
酌情建立和／或加强粮食安全系统包括储存和销售设施，尤其是在农村地区；
10.3.d
составление проектов по альтернативным источникам средств к существованию, которые могут обеспечить получение доходов в районах, подверженных засухе;
10.3.e
为农作物和牲畜制订可持续的灌溉方案。
10.4
考虑到各个受影响国家缔约方有其具体的情况和要求，国家行动方案，除其他外，酌情 包括下列某些或所有涉及在受影响地区防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响、涉及其人口的优先领 域措施：提倡另谋生计并改善国家经济环境，以争取加强消灭贫困方案，加强粮食保障； 人口动态；以可持续方式管理自然资源；实行可持续的农业方式；开发和高效率地使用各 种能源；体制和法律框架；加强评估和系统观察能力包括水文和气象服务以及能力建设、 教育和公众意识。
18.2
缔约方应根据各自能力并在符合各自国家立法和／或政策的前提下保护、促进和利用特 别是有关的传统和当地技术、知识、诀窍和做法，为此，缔约方承诺：
18.2.a
请当地群众参加将这种技术、知识、诀窍和做法及其潜在用途登记造册，并酌情与有 关政府间组织和非政府组织合作传播这方面的信息；
18.2.b
确保这种技术、知识、诀窍和做法受到充分保护，并确保当地群众能平等地和以相互商 定的条件从这些知识或源自这些知识的任何技术发展的任何商业利用中直接获得利益；
18.2.c
鼓励和积极支持改进和推广这种技术、知识、诀窍和做法或据以发展的新技术；并
18.2.d
酌情便利改造这种技术、知识、诀窍和做法，以利广泛使用，并酌情将之与现代技术 相结合。
19.1
缔约方确认，能力建设——即所谓机构建设、培训和有关本地和本国能力的发展——对防 治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响各种努力具有重要意义。缔约方应酌情以下列方式促进能力的建设：
19.1.a
鼓励所有各级的、尤其是地方一级的当地人民、特别是妇女和青年的充分参与，与非 政府组织和地方组织合作；
19.1.b
укрепления научно-исследовательского потенциала на национальном уровне в области опустынивания и засухи
19.1.c
建立和／或加强支助和推广服务，更有效地传播有关工艺方法和技术，培训实地工作 人员和农村组织成员，采取群众参与的方法，以保护和可持续地使用自然资源；
19.1.d
尽可能地促进在技术合作方案中利用和传播当地人民的知识、诀窃和做法；
19.1.e
بواسطة القيام، حيثما يلزم ذلك، بتكييف التكنولوجيا والأساليب التقليدية السليمة بيئيا ذات الصلة في الزراعة والنشاط الرعوي مبا يتناسب مع الأوضاع الاجتماعية - الاقتصادية احلديثة؛
19.1.f
提供适当的培训和技术，利用替代能源，尤其是可再生能源，以期特别是减少燃料方 面对木柴的依赖；
19.1.h
以创新的方式促进另谋生计，包括新技能的培训；