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Цель Задача Документ Статья / Описание

Сохранять и рационально использовать океаны, моря и морские ресурсы в интересах устойчивого развития.

 14.3

Сводить к минимуму и устранять последствия окисления океана, в том числе посредством расширения научного сотрудничества на всех уровнях.

Indicators
14.3.1
Средняя кислотность (pH) морской воды, измеряемая в согласованной группе репрезентативных станций отбора проб.
 МПЭСКП
Международный пакт об экономических, социальных и культурных правах (МПЭСКП)
12.1
Участвующие в настоящем Пакте государства признают право каждого человека на наивысший достижимый уровень физического и психического здоровья.
12.2 Меры, которые должны быть приняты участвующими в настоящем Пакте государствами для полного осуществления этого права, включают мероприятия, необходимые для:
12.2.b
улучшения всех аспектов гигиены внешней среды и гигиены труда в промышленности;
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
1
The objective of the present Agreement is to guarantee the full and effective implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of the rights of access to environmental information, public participation in the environmental decision-making process and access to justice in environmental matters, and the creation and strengthening of capacities and cooperation, contributing to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in a healthy environment and to sustainable development.
4.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement.
4.2
Each Party shall ensure that the rights recognized in the present Agreement are freely exercised.
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
4.6
Each Party shall guarantee an enabling environment for the work of persons, associations, organizations or groups that promote environmental protection, by recognizing and protecting them.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.2
The competent authorities shall endeavour to ensure, to the extent possible, that environmental information is reusable, processable and available in formats that are accessible, and that no restrictions are placed on its reproduction or use, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.j
information on the imposition of administrative sanctions in environmental matters.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.5
Each Party shall guarantee that in the case of an imminent threat to public health or the environment, the relevant competent authority shall immediately disclose and disseminate through the most effective means all pertinent information in its possession that could help the public take measures to prevent or limit potential damage. Each Party shall develop and implement an early warning system using available mechanisms.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.8
Each Party shall encourage independent environmental performance reviews that take into account nationally or internationally agreed criteria and guides and common indicators, with a view to evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness and progress of its national environmental policies in fulfilment of their national and international commitments. The reviews shall include participation by the various stakeholders.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5
The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.7
The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.9
The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.a
a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.b
a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.c
a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.d
a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.e
the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.f
a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.g
actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.z
The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
9.1
Each Party shall guarantee a safe and enabling environment for persons, groups and organizations that promote and defend human rights in environmental matters, so that they are able to act free from threat, restriction and insecurity
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.1
Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services.
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
16.1
Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health.
16.2
States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.1
Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment.
Конвенция О Биологическом Разнообразии
Конвенция О Биологическом Разнообразии
12.a
разрабатывают и осуществляют программы научно-технического обучения и подготовки кадров для осуществления мер по определению, сохранению и устойчивому использованию биологического разнообразия и его компонентов и оказывают поддержку такому обучению и подготовке кадров для удовлетворения конкретных потребностей развивающихся стран;
12.b
поощряют и стимулируют исследования, содействующие сохра- нению и устойчивому использованию биологического разнообразия, особенно в развивающихся странах, в частности, в соответствии с решениями Конференции Сторон, принимаемыми на основе рекомендаций Вспомогательного органа по научным, техническим и технологическим консультациям; и
12.c
в соответствии с положениями статей 16, 18 и 20 поощряют использование научных результатов, полученных в ходе исследований биологического разнообразия, при разработке методов сохранения и устойчивого использования биологических ресурсов и сотрудничают в использовании таких результатов.
17.1
Договаривающиеся Стороны содействуют обмену информацией из всех общедоступных источников, касающейся сохранения и устойчивого использо- вания биологического разнообразия, с учетом особых потребностей развивающихся стран.
17.2
Такой обмен информацией включает обмен результатами технических, научных и социально-экономических исследовании, а также информацией о программах профессиональной подготовки и обследований, специальными знаниями, местными и традиционными знаниями как таковыми и в сочетании с технологиями, упомянутыми в пункте 1 статьи 16. Кроме того, он включает, когда это возможно, репатриацию информации.
18.1
Договаривающиеся Стороны содействуют международному научно-техни- ческому сотрудничеству в области сохранения и устойчивого использования биологического разнообразия, при необходимости, через соответствующие международные и национальные учреждения.
18.2
Каждая Договаривающаяся Сторона содействует научно-техническому сотрудничеству с другими Договаривающимися Сторонами, особенно с развивающимися странами, в осуществлении настоящей Конвенции, в частности, посредством разработки и осуществления национальной политики. При оказании содействия такому сотрудничеству особое внимание следует уделять расширению и укреплению национальных возможностей путем развития людских ресурсов и создания соответствующих учреждений.
18.3
Конференция Сторон на своем первом совещании определяет пути создания механизма посредничества в целях поощрения и облегчения научно- технического сотрудничества.
18.4
Договаривающиеся Стороны в соответствии с национальным законода- тельством и политикой поощряют и разрабатывают формы сотрудничества в области создания и использования технологий, включая местные и традиционные технологии, в соответствии с целями настоящей Конвенции. Для этого Договаривающиеся Стороны также поощряют сотрудничество в области подготовки кадров и обмена специалистами.
18.5
Договаривающиеся Стороны по взаимной договоренности содействуют созданию совместных научно-исследовательских программ и совместных предприятий для разработки технологий, имеющих отношение к целям настоящей Конвенции.
Конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций по морскому праву
Конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций по морскому праву
200
Государства сотрудничают, непосредственно или через компетентные международные организации, с целью содействия исследовательским работам, осуществления программ научных исследований и поощрения обмена полученными информацией и данными о загрязнении морской среды. Они стремятся активно участвовать в региональных и всемирных программах, направленных на приобретение знаний для оценки характера и степени загрязнения, подверженности ему, путей его распространения, риска загрязнения и средств борьбы с ним.
202
Государства непосредственно или через компетентные междуна- родные организации:
202.a
оказывают содействие программам помощи развивающимся государствам в области науки, образования, техники, а также в других областях в целях защиты и сохранения морской среды и предотвращения, сокращения и сохранения под контролем загрязнения морской среды. Такая помощь включает, в частности:
202.a.i
training of their scientific and technical personnel;
202.a.ii
facilitating their participation in relevant international programmes;
202.a.iii
supplying them with necessary equipment and facilities;
202.a.iv
enhancing their capacity to manufacture such equipment;
202.a.v
предоставление консультативных услуг и разработку средств для осуществления программ научных исследований, мониторинга, учебных и других программ;
202.b
предоставляют соответствующую помощь, особенно развивающимся государствам, для сведения к минимуму последствий крупных инцидентов, которые могут вызвать серьезное загрязнение морской среды;
202.c
предоставляют соответствующую помощь, особенно развива- ющимся государствам, в отношении подготовки экологических оценок.
204.1
Государства, действуя совместимым с правами других государств образом, стремятся, насколько это практически осуществимо, непосредственно или через компетентные международные организации осуществлять с помощью признанных научных методов наблюдение, измерение, оценку и анализ риска и последствий загрязнения морской среды.
204.2
В частности, государства постоянно следят за последствиями любой деятельности, которую они разрешают или которую они осуществляют, с целью определить, может ли такая деятельность привести к загрязнению морской среды.