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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

建设包容、安全、有抵御灾害能力和可持续的城市和人类住区

 11.b

到2020年，大幅增加采取和实施综合政策和计划以构建包容、资源使用效率高、减缓和适应气候变化、具有抵御灾害能力的城市和人类住区数量，并根据《2015-2030年仙台减少灾害风险框架》在各级建立和实施全面的灾害风险管理。

Indicators
11.b.1
依照《2015-2030年仙台减少灾害风险框架》通过和执行国家减少灾害风险战略的国家数目
11.b.2
依照国家减少灾害风险战略通过和执行地方减少灾害风险战略的地方政府比例
 ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.5
Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
4.6
Each Party shall guarantee an enabling environment for the work of persons, associations, organizations or groups that promote environmental protection, by recognizing and protecting them.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.5
Each Party shall guarantee that in the case of an imminent threat to public health or the environment, the relevant competent authority shall immediately disclose and disseminate through the most effective means all pertinent information in its possession that could help the public take measures to prevent or limit potential damage. Each Party shall develop and implement an early warning system using available mechanisms.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.8
Each Party shall encourage independent environmental performance reviews that take into account nationally or internationally agreed criteria and guides and common indicators, with a view to evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness and progress of its national environmental policies in fulfilment of their national and international commitments. The reviews shall include participation by the various stakeholders.
7.1
Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.1
Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment.
联合国气候变化框架公约
联合国气候变化框架公约
3
各缔约方在为实现本公约的目标和履行其各项规定而采取行动时，除其他 外，应以下列作为指导：
3.1
各缔约方应当在公平的基础上，并根据它们共同但有区别的责任和各自的能力，为人类当代和后代的利益保护气候系统。因此，发达国家缔约方应当率先对付气候变化及其不利影响。
3.3
各缔约方应当采取预防措施，预测、防止或尽量减少引起气候变化的原因，并缓解其不利影响。当存在造成严重或不可逆转的损害的威胁时，不应当以科学上没有完全的确定性为理由推迟采取这类措施，同时考虑到应付气候变化的政策和措施应当讲求成本效益，确保以尽可能最低的费用获得全球效益。为此，这种政策和措施应当考虑到不同的社会经济情况，并且应当具有全面性，包括所有有关的温室气体源、汇和库及适应措施，并涵盖所有经济部门。应付气候变化的努力可由有关的缔约方合作进行。
4.1
All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall:
4.1.a
用待由缔约方会议议定的可比方法编制、定期更新、公布并按照第十 二条向缔约方会议提供关于《蒙特利尔议定书》未予管制的所有温室气体的各种 源的人为排放和各种汇的清除的国家清单；
4.1.f
所有缔约方，考虑到它们共同但有区别的责任，以及各自具体的国家和区域发展优先顺序、目标和情况，应：在它们有关的社会、经济和环境政策及行动中，在可行的范围内将气候变化考虑进去，并采用由本国拟订和确定的适当办法，例如进行影响评估，以期尽量减少它们为了减缓或适应气候变化而进行的项目或采取的措施对经济、公共健康和环境质量产生的不利影响；
4.2
附件一所列的发达国家缔约方和其他缔约方具体承诺如下所规定：
4.2.a
附件一所列的发达国家缔约方和其他缔约方具体承诺如下所规定：每一个此类缔约方应制定国家政策和采取相应的措施，通过限制其人为的温室气体排放以及保护和增强其温室气体库和汇，减缓气候变化。这些政策和措施将表明，发达国家是在带头依循本公约的目标，改变人为排放的长期趋势，同时认识到至本十年末使二氧化碳和《蒙特利尔议定书》未予管制的其他温室气体的人为排放回复到较早的水平，将会有助于这种改变，并考虑到这些缔约方的起点和做法、经济结构和资源基础方面的差别、维持强有力和可持续经济增长的需要、可以采用的技术以及其他个别情况，又考虑到每一个此类缔约方都有必要对为了实现该目标而作的全球努力作出公平和适当的贡献。这些缔约方可以同其他缔约方共同执行这些政策和措施，也可以协助其他缔约方为实现本公约的目标特别是本项的目标作出贡献；
巴黎协 定
巴黎协 定
The entire convention is relevant
The Paris Agreement is relevant to this Target in its entirety.
3
作为全球应对气候变化的国家自主贡献，所有缔约方将采取并通报第四条、第七条、第九条、第十条、第十一条和第十三条所界定的有力度的努力，以实现本协定第二条所述的目的。所有缔约方的努力将随着时间的推移而逐渐增加，同时认识到需要支持发展中国家缔约方，以有效履行本协定。
4.1
为了实现第二条规定的长期气温目标，締约方旨在尽快迖到温室气体排放的全球峰值，同时认识到迖峰对发展中国家締约方来说需要更长的时间；此后利用现有的最佳科学迅速减排，以联系可持续发展和消除贫困，在公平的基础上，在本世纪下半叶实现温室气体源的人为排放与汇的清除之间的平衡。
4.19
所有締约方应当努力拟定并通报长期温室气体低排放发展战略，同时注意第二条，顾及其共同但有区别的责任和各自能力，考虑不同国情。
6.1
締约方认识到，有些締约方选择自愿合作执行它们的国家自主贡献，以能够提高它们减缓和适应行动的力度，并促进可持续发展和环境完整性。
7.1
締约方兹确立关于提高适应能力、加强复原力和减少对气候变化的脆弱性的全球适应目标，以促进可持续发展，并确保在第二条所述气温目标方面采取充分的适应对策。
7.9
各缔约方应酌情开展适应规划进程并采取各种行动，包括制订或加强相关的计划、政策和/或贡献，其中可包括：
7.9.a
落实适应行动、任务和/或努力；
7.9.b
процесс формулирования и осуществления национальных планов в области адаптации
7.9.c
评估气候变化影响和脆弱性，以拟订国家自主决定的优先行动，同时考虑到处于脆弱地位的人、地方和生态系统；
7.9.d
监测和评价适应计划、政策、方案和行动并从中学习；并
7.9.e
建设社会经济和生态系统的复原力，包括通过经济多样化和自然资源的可持续管理。
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
4.2
为实现本《公约》的目标，缔约方应：
4.2.c
интегрируют стратегии, направленные на искоренение нищеты, в усилия п о борьбе с опустыниванием и смягчению последствий засухи;
4.2.d
)تعزيز التعاون فيما بني الأطراف من البلدان املتأثرة في ميادين احلماية البيئية وحفظ املوارد من الأراضي واملوارد املائية، من حيث صلتها بالتصحر واجلفاف؛
5
除根据第四条应承担的义务之外，受影响国家缔约方承诺：
5.b
在可持续发展计划和／或政策框架内制订防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响的战略和优先顺序；
10.3
国家行动方案，除其他外，可包括下列某些或所有旨在对付和缓解干旱影响的措施：
10.3.a
酌情建立和／或加强早期预警系统，包括地方和国家设施及分区域和区域两级的联合 系统，以及援助环境导致的流离失所者的机制；
10.3.b
加强考虑到季节和年度气候预测的防旱抗旱工作，包括地方、国家、分区域和区域各 级的干旱应急计划；
10.3.c
酌情建立和／或加强粮食安全系统包括储存和销售设施，尤其是在农村地区；
10.3.d
составление проектов по альтернативным источникам средств к существованию, которые могут обеспечить получение доходов в районах, подверженных засухе;
10.3.e
为农作物和牲畜制订可持续的灌溉方案。
10.4
考虑到各个受影响国家缔约方有其具体的情况和要求，国家行动方案，除其他外，酌情 包括下列某些或所有涉及在受影响地区防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响、涉及其人口的优先领 域措施：提倡另谋生计并改善国家经济环境，以争取加强消灭贫困方案，加强粮食保障； 人口动态；以可持续方式管理自然资源；实行可持续的农业方式；开发和高效率地使用各 种能源；体制和法律框架；加强评估和系统观察能力包括水文和气象服务以及能力建设、 教育和公众意识。