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| 目标 | 具体目标 | 文书 | 条款 / 描述 |
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 确保健康的生活方式，促进各年龄段人群的福祉 |
3.9 到2030年，大幅减少危险化学品以及空气、水和土壤污染导致的死亡和患病人数。
Indicators
3.9.1 归因于家庭和环境空气污染的死亡率 3.9.2 不安全供水、不安全环卫设施以及缺乏个人卫生(接触人人享有饮水、环境卫生和个人卫生项目（水卫项目）所述的不安全服务)导致的死亡率 3.9.3 意外中毒导致的死亡率 |
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean |
7.5 The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation. |
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7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following: |
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7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.a the type or nature of the environmental decision under consideration and, where appropriate, in non-technical language; |
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7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.b the authority responsible for making the decision and other authorities and bodies involved; |
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7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.c the procedure foreseen for the participation of the public, including the date on which the procedure will begin and end, mechanisms for participation and, where applicable, the date and place of any public consultation or hearing; and |
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7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.d the public authorities involved from which additional information on the environmental decision under consideration can be requested and the procedure for requesting information. |
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7.7 The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process. |
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7.8 Each Party shall ensure that, once a decision has been made, the public is informed in a timely manner thereof and of the grounds and reasons underlying the decision, including how the observations of the public have been taken into consideration. The decision and its basis shall be made public and be accessible. |
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7.9 The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions. |
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7.10 Each Party shall establish conditions that are favourable to public participation in environmental decision-making processes and that are adapted to the social, economic, cultural, geographical and gender characteristics of the public. |
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7.11 When the primary language of the directly affected public is different to the official languages, the public authority shall ensure that means are provided to facilitate their understanding and participation. |
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7.12 Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate. |
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7.13 Each Party shall encourage the establishment of appropriate spaces for consultation on environmental matters or the use of those that are already in existence in which various groups and sectors are able to participate. Each Party shall promote regard for local knowledge, dialogue and interaction of different views and knowledge, where appropriate. |
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7.14 The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation. |
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7.15 In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed. |
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7.16 The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation. |
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7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public: |
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7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.a a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity; |
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7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.b a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact; |
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7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.c a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts; |
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7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.d a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language; |
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7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.e the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration; |
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7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.f a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and |
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7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.g actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures. |
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7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.z The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement. |
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8.2 Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure: |
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8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.a any decision, action or omission related to the access to environmental information; |
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8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.b any decision, action or omission related to public participation in the decision-making process regarding environmental matters; |
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8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.c any other decision, action or omission that affects or could affect the environment adversely or violate laws and regulations related to the environment. |
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8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances: |
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8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.a competent State entities with access to expertise in environmental matters; |
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8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.b effective, timely, public, transparent and impartial procedures that are not prohibitively expensive; |
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8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.c broad active legal standing in defence of the environment, in accordance with domestic legislation; |
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8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.d the possibility of ordering precautionary and interim measures, inter alia, to prevent, halt, mitigate or rehabilitate damage to the environment; |
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8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.e measures to facilitate the production of evidence of environmental damage, when appropriate and as applicable, such as the reversal of the burden of proof and the dynamic burden of proof; |
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8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.f mechanisms to execute and enforce judicial and administrative decisions in a timely manner; and |
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8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.g mechanisms for redress, where applicable, such as restitution to the condition prior to the damage, restoration, compensation or payment of a financial penalty, satisfaction, guarantees of non-repetition, assistance for affected persons and financial instruments to support redress. |
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European Social Charter
European Social Charter (Revised) |
Part II The Parties undertake, as provided for in Part III, to consider themselves bound by the obligations laid down in the following articles and paragraphs. |
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Part#I.3 All workers have the right to safe and healthy working conditions. |
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Part#II.3 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to safe and healthy working conditions, the Parties undertake, in consultation with employers' and workers' organisations: |
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Part#II.3.1 to formulate, implement and periodically review a coherent national policy on occupational safety, occupational health and the working environment. The primary aim of this policy shall be to improve occupational safety and health and to prevent accidents and injury to health arising out of, linked with or occurring in the course of work, particularly by minimising the causes of hazards inherent in the working environment; |
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Part#II.7 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of children and young persons to protection, the Parties undertake: |
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Part#II.7.10 to ensure special protection against physical and moral dangers to which children and young persons are exposed, and particularly against those resulting directly or indirectly from their work. |
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Part#II.11 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to protection of health, the Parties undertake, either directly or in cooperation with public or private organisations, to take appropriate measures designed inter alia: |
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Part#II.11.1 to remove as far as possible the causes of ill-health; |
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Part#II.11.3 to prevent as far as possible epidemic, endemic and other diseases, as well as accidents. |
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ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man |
I Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person. |
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XI Every person has the right to the preservation of his health through sanitary and social measures relating to food, clothing, housing and medical care, to the extent permitted by public and community resources |
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ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights |
4.1 Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life. |
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Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador) |
7 The States Parties to this Protocol recognize that the right to work to which the foregoing article refers presupposes that everyone shall enjoy that right under just, equitable, and satisfactory conditions, which the States Parties undertake to guarantee in their internal legislation, particularly with respect to: |
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7.e Safety and hygiene at work; |
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7.f The prohibition of night work or unhealthy or dangerous working conditions and, in general, of all work which jeopardizes health, safety, or morals, for persons under 18 years of age. As regards minors under the age of 16, the work day shall be subordinated to the provisions regarding compulsory education and in no case shall work constitute an impediment to school attendance or a limitation on benefiting from education received; |
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10.1 Everyone shall have the right to health, understood to mean the enjoyment of the highest level of physical, mental and social well-being. |
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10.2 In order to ensure the exercise of the right to health, the States Parties agree to recognize health as a public good and, particularly, to adopt the following measures to ensure that right: |
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10.2.d Prevention and treatment of endemic, occupational and other diseases; |
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11.1 Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services. |
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11.2 The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment. |
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Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women |
4 Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others: |
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4.a The right to have her life respected; |
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ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights |
4 Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right. |
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16.1 Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health. |
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16.2 States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick. |
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ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child |
14.1 Every child shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical, mental and spiritual health. |
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14.2 State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures: |
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14.2.c to ensure the provision of adequate nutrition and safe drinking water; |
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15.1 Every child shall be protected from all forms of economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development. |
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Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa |
18.1 Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment. |
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18.2 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to: |
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18.2.d regulate the management, processing, storage and disposal of domestic waste; |
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18.2.e ensure that proper standards are followed for the storage, transportation and disposal of toxic waste. |
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控制危险废物越境转移及其处置 巴塞尔公约
控制危险废物越境转移及其处置 巴塞尔公约 |
4.2 各缔约国应采取适当措施： |
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4.2.c 保证在其领土内参与危险废物和其他废物管理的人员视
需要采取步骤，防止在这类管理工作中产生危险废物和其他废物的污
染，并在产生这类污染时，尽量减少其对人类健康和环境的影响； |
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4.2.d 保证在符合危险废物和其他废物的环境无害和有效管理
下，把这类废物越转移减至最低限度，进行此类转移时，应保护环境
和人类健康，免受此类转移可能产生的不利影响； |
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4.2.f 规定向有关国家提供附件五－Ａ所要求的关于拟议的危
险废物和其他废物越境转移的资料，详细说明拟议的转移对人类健康
和环境的影响； |
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4.11 本公约不妨碍一缔约国为了更好地保护人类健康和环境而实施
与本公约条款一致并符合国际法规则的其他规定。 |
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10.2.b 合作监测危险废物的管理对人类健康和环境的影响； |
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13.1 各缔约国应保证，一旦获悉危险废物和其他废物越境转移及其处置过程中发生意外，可能危及其他国家的人类健康和环境时，立即通知有关国家。 |
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13.3 各缔约国在符合其国家法律和规章的情形下，应通过秘书处向依
照第１５条设立的缔约国会议于每个日历年年底以前提交一份关于前
一日历年的报告，其中包括下列资料： |
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13.3.d 它们汇编的关于危险废物或其他废物的产生、运输和处
置对人类健康和环境的影响的现有合格统计资料； |
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3.a 酌情在所有国家加强执行《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》。
Indicators
3.a.1 15岁及以上人口中目前的年龄标准化烟草使用流行率 |
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约 |
12.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。 |
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12.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.b 改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面； |
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FCTC
世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约 |
3 本公约及其议定书的目标是提供一个由各缔约方在国家、区域和全球各级实施烟草控制措施的框架，以便使烟草使用和接触烟草烟雾持续大幅度下降，从而保护当代和后代免受烟草消费和接触烟草烟雾对健康、社会、环境和经济造成的破坏性影响。 |
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Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador) |
1 The States Parties to this Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights undertake to adopt the necessary measures, both domestically and through international cooperation, especially economic and technical, to the extent allowed by their available resources, and taking into account their degree of development, for the purpose of achieving progressively and pursuant to their internal legislations, the full observance of the rights recognized in this Protocol. |
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ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights |
16.1 Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health. |
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16.2 States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick. |
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3.b 支持研发主要影响发展中国家的传染和非传染性疾病的疫苗和药品，根据《关于与贸易有关的知识产权协议与公共健康的多哈宣言》的规定，提供负担得起的基本药品和疫苗，《多哈宣言》确认发展中国家有权充分利用《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》中关于采用变通办法保护公众健康，尤其是让所有人获得药品的条款。
Indicators
3.b.1 能够享用其国家方案内的所有疫苗的目标人口比例 3.b.2 给予医学研究和基本保健部门的官方发展援助总数净额 3.b.3 具备一套可持续获得、负担得起、相关和必要的核心药物的保健设施所占比例 |
UDHR
世界人权宣言 |
27.1 人人有权自由参加社会的文化生活，享受艺术，并分享科学进步及其产生的福利。
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28 人人有权要求一种社会的和国际的秩序，在这种秩序中，本宣言所载的权利和自由能获得充分实现。
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ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约 |
2.1 每一缔约国家承担尽最大能力个别采取步骤或经由国际援助和合作，特别是经济和技术方面的援助和合作，采取步骤，以便用一切适当方法，尤其包括用立法方法，逐渐达到本公约中所承认的权利的充分实现。 |
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11.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。 |
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15.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权：
15.1.b 享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益； |
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15.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为保存、发展和传播科学和文化所必需的步骤。 |
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15.3 本公约缔约各国承担尊重进行科学研究和创造性活动所不可缺少的自由。 |
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15.4 本公约缔约各国认识到鼓励和发展科学与文化方面的国际接触和合作的好处。 |
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ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man |
XIII Every person has the right to take part in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts, and to participate in the benefits that result from intellectual progress, especially scientific discoveries. He likewise has the right to the protection of his moral and material interests as regards his inventions or any literary, scientific or artistic works of which he is the author. |
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ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights |
26 The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires. |
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Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador) |
1 The States Parties to this Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights undertake to adopt the necessary measures, both domestically and through international cooperation, especially economic and technical, to the extent allowed by their available resources, and taking into account their degree of development, for the purpose of achieving progressively and pursuant to their internal legislations, the full observance of the rights recognized in this Protocol. |
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14.4 The States Parties to this Protocol recognize the benefits to be derived from the encouragement and development of international cooperation and relations in the fields of science, arts and culture, and accordingly agree to foster greater international cooperation in these fields. |
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Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities |
IV To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake to: |
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IV.2 Collaborate effectively in: |
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IV.2.a Scientific and technological research related to the prevention of disabilities and to the treatment, rehabilitation, and integration into society of persons with disabilities; |
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ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights |
1 The Member States of the Organization of African Unity parties to the present Charter shall recognize the rights, duties and freedoms enshrined in this Charter and shall undertake to adopt legislative or other measures to give effect to them. |
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3.c 大幅加强发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家的卫生筹资，增加其卫生工作者的招聘、培养、培训和留用。
Indicators
3.c.1 卫生工作者密度和分布 |
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约 |
2.1 每一缔约国家承担尽最大能力个别采取步骤或经由国际援助和合作，特别是经济和技术方面的援助和合作，采取步骤，以便用一切适当方法，尤其包括用立法方法，逐渐达到本公约中所承认的权利的充分实现。 |
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11.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。 |
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CRC
儿童权利公约 |
3.3 缔约国应确保负责照料或保护儿童的结构、服务部门及设施符合主管当局规定的标准，尤其是安全、卫生、工作人员数目和资格以及有效监督方面的标准。 |
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CRPD
残疾人权利公约 |
32.1
缔约国确认必须开展和促进国际合作，支持国家为实现本公约的宗旨和目的而作出的努力，并将为此在双边和多边的范围内采取适当和有效的措施，并酌情与相关国际和区域组织及民间社会，特别是与残疾人组织，合作采取这些措施。除其他外，这些措施可包括:
32.1.a 确保包容和便利残疾人参与国际合作，包括国际发展方案。 |
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ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights |
26 The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires. |
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ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights |
1 The Member States of the Organization of African Unity parties to the present Charter shall recognize the rights, duties and freedoms enshrined in this Charter and shall undertake to adopt legislative or other measures to give effect to them. |
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16.2 States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick. |
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ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child |
14.2 State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures: |
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14.2.b to ensure the provision of necessary medical assistance and health care to all children with emphasis on the development of primary health care; |
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14.2.g to integrate basic health service programmes in national development plans; |
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14.2.i to ensure the meaningful participation of non-governmental organizations, local communities and the beneficiary population in the planning and management of basic service programmes for children; |
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3.d 加强各国，特别是发展中国家早期预警、减少风险，以及管理国家和全球健康风险的能力。
Indicators
3.d.1 某一特定时间点已达到13个核心能力特征的百分比 3.d.2 因特定抗生素耐药性生物所致血流感染的百分比 |
UDHR
世界人权宣言 |
3 人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。 |
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8 任何人当宪法或法律所赋予他的基本权利遭受侵害时，有权由合格的国家法庭对这种侵害行为作有效的补救。 |
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19 人人有权享有主张和发表意见的自由；此项权利包括持有主张而不受干涉的自由；和通过任何媒介和不论国界寻求、接受和传递消息和思想的自由。 |
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21.1 人人有直接或通过自由选择的代表参与治理本国的权利。 |
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21.2 人人有平等获取所在国家公共服务的权利。 |
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ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约 |
6.1 人人有固有的生命权。这个权利应受法律保护。不得任意剥夺任何人的生命。 |
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19.2 人人有自由发表意见的权利；此项权利包括寻求、接受和传递各种消息和思想的自由，而不论国界，也不论口头的、书写的、印刷的、采取艺术形式的、或通过他所选择的任何其他媒介。 |
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25
每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.a 直接或通过自由选择的代表参与公共事务； |
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25
每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.b 在真正的定期的选举中选举和被选举，这种选举应是普遍的和平等的并以无记名投票方式进行，以保证选举人的意志的自由表达； |
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25
每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.c 在一般的平等的条件下，参加本国公务。 |
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ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约 |
12.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。 |
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12.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.a 减低死胎率和婴儿死亡率，和使儿童得到健康的发育； |
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12.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.b 改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面； |
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12.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.c 预防、治疗和控制传染病、风土病、职业病以及其他的疾病； |
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12.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.d 创造保证人人在患病时能得到医疗照顾的条件。 |
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CRPD
残疾人权利公约 |
10 缔约国重申人人享有固有的生命权，并应当采取一切必要措施，确保残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上切实享有这一权利。 |
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11 缔约国应当依照国际法包括国际人道主义法和国际人权法规定的义务，采取一切必要措施，确保在危难情况下，包括在发生武装冲突、人道主义紧急情况和自然灾害时，残疾人获得保护和安全。 |
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ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约 |
9 移徙工人及其家庭成员的生命权应受法律保护。 |
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UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言 |
7.1 土著人享有生命权以及身心健全、人身自由和安全的权利。 |
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DEVAW
消除对妇女暴力宣言 |
3
妇女有权在政治、经济、社会、文化、公民或其他任何领域平等享有所有人权和基本自由，这些人权和自由应受到保护，这些权利尤其包括：
3.a 生命权利 |
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Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean |
1 The objective of the present Agreement is to guarantee the full and effective implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of the rights of access to environmental information, public participation in the environmental decision-making process and access to justice in environmental matters, and the creation and strengthening of capacities and cooperation, contributing to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in a healthy environment and to sustainable development. |
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4.1 Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement. |
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10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures: |
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10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights; |
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10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.b develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists; |
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10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.c provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources; |
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10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.d promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education; |
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10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary; |
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10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.f acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights; |
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10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.g strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information. |
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ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights |
4.1 Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life. |
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26 The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires. |
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Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women |
4 Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others: |
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4.a The right to have her life respected; |
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ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights |
16.1 Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health. |
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16.2 States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick. |
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 确保包容和公平的优质教育，让全民终身享有学习机会 |
4.1 到2030年，确保所有男女童完成免费、公平和优质的中小学教育，并取得相关和有效的学习成果。
Indicators
4.1.1 (a) 在2/3年级、(b) 小学结束时、(c) 初中结束时获得起码的㈠ 阅读和㈡ 数学能力的儿童/青年百分比分列标准：性别、地点、财富(及其他具备有关数据的方面) 4.1.2 完成率(初等教育, 初中教育, 高中教育) |
UDHR
世界人权宣言 |
26.1 人人都有受教育的权利，教育应当免费，至少在初级和基本阶段应如此。初级教育应属义务性质。技术和职业教育应普遍设立。高等教育应根据成绩而对一切人平等开放。 |
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26.2 教育的目的在于充分发展人的个性并加强对人权和基本自由的尊重。教育应促进各国、各种族或各宗教集团的了解、容忍和友谊，并应促进联合国维护和平的各项活动。 |
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ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约 |
13.1 本公约缔约各国承认，人人有受教育的权利。它们同意，教育应鼓励人的个性和尊严的充分发展，加强对人权和基本自由的尊重，并应使所有的人能有效地参加自由社会，促进各民族之间和各种族、人种或宗教团体之间的了解、容忍和友谊，和促进联合国维护和平的各项活动。 |
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13.2
本公约缔约各国认为，为了充分实现这一权利起见：
13.2.a 初等教育应属义务性质并一律免费； |
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13.2
本公约缔约各国认为，为了充分实现这一权利起见：
13.2.b 各种形式的中等教育，包括中等技术和职业教育，应以一切适当方法，普遍设立，并对一切人开放，特别要逐渐做到免费； |
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13.2
本公约缔约各国认为，为了充分实现这一权利起见：
13.2.d 对那些未受到或未完成初等教育的人的基础教育，应尽可能加以鼓励或推进； |
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13.2
本公约缔约各国认为，为了充分实现这一权利起见：
13.2.e 各级学校的制度，应积极加以发展；适当的奖学金制度，应予设置；教员的物质条件，应不断加以改善。 |
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14 本公约任何缔约国在参加本公约时尚未能在其宗主领土或其他在其管辖下的领土实施免费的、义务性的初等教育者，承担在两年之内制定和采取一个逐步实行的详细的行动计划，其中规定在合理的年限内实现一切人均得受免费的义务性教育的原则。 |
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CRC
儿童权利公约 |
28.1
缔约国确认儿童有受教育的权利，为在机会均等的基础上逐步实现此项权利，缔约国尤应：
28.1.a 实现全面的免费义务小学教育。 |
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28.1
缔约国确认儿童有受教育的权利，为在机会均等的基础上逐步实现此项权利，缔约国尤应：
28.1.b 鼓励发展不同形式的中学教育、包括普通和职业教育，使所有儿童均能享有和接受这种教育，并采取适当措施，诸如实行免费教育和对有需要的人提供津贴。 |
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28.1
缔约国确认儿童有受教育的权利，为在机会均等的基础上逐步实现此项权利，缔约国尤应：
28.1.d 使所有儿童均能得到教育和职业方面的资料和指导。 |
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28.1
缔约国确认儿童有受教育的权利，为在机会均等的基础上逐步实现此项权利，缔约国尤应：
28.1.e 采取措施鼓励学生按时出勤和降低辍学率。 |
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28.2 缔约国应采取一切适当措施，确保学校执行纪律的方式符合儿童的人格尊严及本公约的规定。 |
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28.3 缔约国应促进和鼓励有关教育事项方面的国际合作，特别着眼于在全世界消灭愚昧与文盲，并便利获得科技知识和现代教学方法。在这方面，应特别考虑到发展中国家的需要。 |
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29.1
缔约国一致认为教育儿童的目的应是：
29.1.a 最充分地发展儿童的个性、才智和身心能力。 |
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29.1
缔约国一致认为教育儿童的目的应是：
29.1.b 培养对人权和基本自由以及《联合国宪章》所载各项原则的尊重。 |
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29.1
缔约国一致认为教育儿童的目的应是：
29.1.c 培养对儿童的父母、儿童自身的文化认同、语言和价值观、儿童所居住国家的民族价值观、其原籍国以及不同于其本国的文明的尊重。 |
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29.1
缔约国一致认为教育儿童的目的应是：
29.1.d 培养儿童本着各国人民、族裔、民族和宗教群体以及原为土若居民的人之间谅解、和平、宽容、男女平等和友好的精神，在自由社会里过有责任感的生活。 |
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29.1
缔约国一致认为教育儿童的目的应是：
29.1.e 培养对自然环境的尊重。 |
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29.2 对本条或第28条任何部分的解释均不得干涉个人和团体建立和指导教育机构的自由，但须始终遵守本条第一款载列的原则，并遵守在这类机构中实行的教育应符合国家可能规定的最低限度标准的要求。 |
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CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约 |
10
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.a 在各类教育机构，不论其在农村或城市，职业和行业辅导、学习的机会和文凭的取得，条件相同。在学前教育、普通教育、技术、专业和高等技术教育以及各种职业训练方面，都应保证这种平等。 |
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10
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.b 课程、考试、师资的标准、校舍和设备的质量一律相同。 |
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10
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.c 为消除在各级和各种方式的教育中对男女任务的任何定型观念，应鼓励实行男女同校和其他有助于实现这个目的的教育形式，并特别应修订教科书和课程以及相应地修改教学方法。 |
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10
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.d 领受奖学金和其他研究补助金的机会相同。 |
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10
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.e 接受成人教育、包括成人识字和实用识字教育的机会相同，特别是为了尽早缩短男女之间存在的教育水平上的一切差距。 |
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10
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.f 减少女生退学率，并为离校过早的少女和妇女办理种种方案。 |
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10
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.g 积极参加运动和体育的机会相同。 |
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10
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视，并保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利，特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
10.h 有接受特殊教育性辅导的机会，以保障家庭健康和幸福，包括关于计划生育的知识和辅导在内。 |
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CRPD
残疾人权利公约 |
24.1
缔约国确认残疾人享有受教育的权利。为了在不受歧视和机会均等的情况下实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保在各级教育实行包容性教育制度和终生学习，以便:
24.1.a 充分开发人的潜力，培养自尊自重精神，加强对人权、基本自由和人的多样性的尊重。 |
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24.1
缔约国确认残疾人享有受教育的权利。为了在不受歧视和机会均等的情况下实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保在各级教育实行包容性教育制度和终生学习，以便:
24.1.b 最充分地发展残疾人的个性、才华和创造力以及智能和体能。 |
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24.1
缔约国确认残疾人享有受教育的权利。为了在不受歧视和机会均等的情况下实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保在各级教育实行包容性教育制度和终生学习，以便:
24.1.c 使所有残疾人能切实参与一个自由的社会。 |
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24.2
为了实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保:
24.2.a 残疾人不因残疾而被排拒于普通教育系统之外，残疾儿童不因残疾而被排拒于免费和义务初等教育或中等教育之外。 |
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24.2
为了实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保:
24.2.b 残疾人可以在自己生活的社区内，在与其他人平等的基础上，获得包容性的优质免费初等教育和中等教育。 |
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24.2
为了实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保:
24.2.c 提供合理便利以满足个人的需要。 |
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24.2
为了实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保:
24.2.d 残疾人在普通教育系统中获得必要的支助，便利他们切实获得教育。 |
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24.2
为了实现这一权利，缔约国应当确保:
24.2.e 按照有教无类的包容性目标，在最有利于发展学习和社交能力的环境中，提供适合个人情况的有效支助措施。 |
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ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约 |
30 移徙工人的每一名子女应照与有关国家国民同等的待遇享有接受教育的基本权利。不得以其父亲或母亲在就业国的逗留或就业方面有任何不正常情况为由或因为其本人的逗留属不正常的情况，而拒绝或限制其进入公立幼儿园或学校。 |
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UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言 |
14.1 土著人民有权建立和掌管他们的教育制度和机构，以自己的语言和适合 其文化教学方法的方式提供教育。 |
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14.2 土著人，特别是土著儿童，有权不受歧视地获得国家提供的所有程度和 形式的教育。 |
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14.3 各国应与土著人民共同采取有效措施，让土著人，特别是土著儿童，包 括生活在土著社区外的土著人，在可能的情况下，有机会获得以自己的语言提供的有关自身文化的教育。 |
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15.1 土著人民有权维护其文化、传统、历史和愿望的尊严和多样性，他们的 文化、传统、历史和愿望应在教育和公共信息中得到适当体现。 |
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ECHR Protocol
Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms |
2 任何人都不应当被否认受教育权。在国家行驶其所承担的与教育和教学相关的任何功能的过程中，国家应当尊重父母确保此类教育和教学符合其自己的宗教和哲学信仰的权利。 |
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European Social Charter
European Social Charter (Revised) |
Part II The Parties undertake, as provided for in Part III, to consider themselves bound by the obligations laid down in the following articles and paragraphs. |
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Part#II.7 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of children and young persons to protection, the Parties undertake: |
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Part#II.7.3 установить, что лица, на которых еще распространяется положение об обязательном обучении, не должны быть заняты на таких работах, которые лишают их возможности получать это обучение в полном объеме; |
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European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities |
6.1 The Parties shall encourage a spirit of tolerance and intercultural dialogue and take effective measures to promote mutual respect and understanding and co-operation among all persons living on their territory, irrespective of those persons' ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious identity, in particular in the fields of education, culture and the media. |
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12.1 The Parties shall, where appropriate, take measures in the fields of education and research to foster knowledge of the culture, history, language and religion of their national minorities and of the majority. |
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12.2 In this context the Parties shall inter alia provide adequate opportunities for teacher training and access to textbooks, and facilitate contacts among students and teachers of different communities. |
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12.3 The Parties undertake to promote equal opportunities for access to education at all levels for persons belonging to national minorities. |
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13.1 Within the framework of their education systems, the Parties shall recognise that persons belonging to a national minority have the right to set up and to manage their own private educational and training establishments. |
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13.2 The exercise of this right shall not entail any financial obligation for the Parties. |
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14.1 The Parties undertake to recognise that every person belonging to a national minority has the right to learn his or her minority language. |
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14.2 In areas inhabited by persons belonging to national minorities traditionally or in substantial numbers, if there is sufficient demand, the Parties shall endeavour to ensure, as far as possible and within the framework of their education systems, that persons belonging to those minorities have adequate opportunities for being taught the minority language or for receiving instruction in this language. |
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14.3 Paragraph 2 of this article shall be implemented without prejudice to the learning of the official language or the teaching in this language. |
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ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man |
XII Every person has the right to an education, which should be based on the principles of liberty, morality and human solidarity. Likewise every person has the right to an education that will prepare him to attain a decent life, to raise his standard of living, and to be a useful member of society. The right to an education includes the right to equality of opportunity in every case, in accordance with natural talents, merit and the desire to utilize the resources that the state or the community is in a position to provide. Every person has the right to receive, free, at least a primary education. |
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ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights |
26 The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires. |
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Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador) |
13.1 Everyone has the right to education. |
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13.2 The States Parties to this Protocol agree that education should be directed towards the full development of the human personality and human dignity and should strengthen respect for human rights, ideological pluralism, fundamental freedoms, justice and peace. They further agree that education ought to enable everyone to participate effectively in a democratic and pluralistic society and achieve a decent existence and should foster understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups and promote activities for the maintenance of peace. |
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13.3 The States Parties to this Protocol recognize that in order to achieve the full exercise of the right to education: |
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13.3.a Primary education should be compulsory and accessible to all without cost; |
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13.3.b Secondary education in its different forms, including technical and vocational secondary education, should be made generally available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in particular, by the progressive introduction of free education; |
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13.3.d Basic education should be encouraged or intensified as far as possible for those persons who have not received or completed the whole cycle of primary instruction; |
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13.3.e Programs of special education should be established for the handicapped, so as to provide special instruction and training to persons with physical disabilities or mental deficiencies. |
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16 Every child, whatever his parentage, has the right to the protection that his status as a minor requires from his family, society and the State. Every child has the right to grow under the protection and responsibility of his parents; save in exceptional, judicially-recognized circumstances, a child of young age ought not to be separated from his mother. Every child has the right to free and compulsory education, at least in the elementary phase, and to continue his training at higher levels of the educational system. |
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Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities |
II The objectives of this Convention are to prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society. |
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III To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake: |
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III.1 To adopt the legislative, social, educational, labor-related, or any other measures needed to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society, including, but not limited to: |
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III.1.a Measures to eliminate discrimination gradually and to promote integration by government authorities and/or private entities in providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities such as employment, transportation, communications, housing, recreation, education, sports, law enforcement and administration of justice, and political and administrative activities; |
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III.1.b Measures to ensure that new buildings, vehicles, and facilities constructed or manufactured within their respective territories facilitate transportation, communications, and access by persons with disabilities; |
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III.1.c Measures to eliminate, to the extent possible, architectural, transportation, and communication obstacles to facilitate access and use by persons with disabilities; |
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III.1.d Measures to ensure that persons responsible for applying this Convention and domestic law in this area are trained to do so. |
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III.2 To work on a priority basis in the following areas: |
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III.2.b Early detection and intervention, treatment, rehabilitation, education, job training, and the provision of comprehensive services to ensure the optimal level of independence and quality of life for persons with disabilities; |
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ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights |
17.1 Every individual shall have the right to education. |
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ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child |
3 Every child shall be entitled to the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms recognized and guaranteed in this Charter irrespective of the child’s or his/her parents’ or legal guardians’ race, ethnic group, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national and social origin, fortune, birth or other status. |
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11.1 Every child shall have the right to education. |
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11.2 The education of the child shall be directed to: |
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11.2.a the promotion and development of the child’s personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential; |
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11.3 State Parties to the present Charter shall take all appropriate measures with a view to achieving the full realization of this right and shall in particular: |
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11.3.a provide free and compulsory basic education; |
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11.3.b encourage the development of secondary education in its different forms and progressively make it free and accessible to all; |
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11.3.c make higher education accessible to all on the basis of capacity and ability by every appropriate means; |
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11.3.d take measures to encourage regular attendance at schools and the reduction of drop-out rates; |
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11.3.e take special measures in respect of female, gifted and disadvantaged children, to ensure equal access to education for all sections of the community. |
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11.6 State Parties to the present Charter shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that children who become pregnant before completing their education shall have an opportunity to continue their education on the basis of their individual ability. |
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Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa |
12.1 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to: |
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12.1.a eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and guarantee equal opportunity and access in the sphere of education and training; |
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12.1.b eliminate all stereotypes in textbooks, syllabuses and the media, that perpetuate such discrimination; |
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12.1.c protect women, especially the girl-child from all forms of abuse, including sexual harassment in schools and other educational institutions and provide for sanctions against the perpetrators of such practices; |
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12.1.d provide access to counselling and rehabilitation services to women who suffer abuses and sexual harassment; |
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12.1.e integrate gender sensitisation and human rights education at all levels of education curricula including teacher training. |
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12.2 States Parties shall take specific positive action to: |
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12.2.a promote literacy among women; |
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12.2.b promote education and training for women at all levels and in all disciplines, particularly in the fields of science and technology; |
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12.2.c promote the enrolment and retention of girls in schools and other training institutions and the organisation of programmes for women who leave school prematurely. |
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4.2 到2030年，确保所有男女童获得优质幼儿发展、看护和学前教育，为他们接受初级教育做好准备。
Indicators
4.2.1 在保健、学习和社会心理健康方面发育正常的24-59 个月 儿童的比例，按性别分列 4.2.2 有组织学习(小学入学正规年龄的一年前)的参与率 |
UDHR
世界人权宣言 |
26.1 人人都有受教育的权利，教育应当免费，至少在初级和基本阶段应如此。初级教育应属义务性质。技术和职业教育应普遍设立。高等教育应根据成绩而对一切人平等开放。 |
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26.2 教育的目的在于充分发展人的个性并加强对人权和基本自由的尊重。教育应促进各国、各种族或各宗教集团的了解、容忍和友谊，并应促进联合国维护和平的各项活动。 |
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ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约 |
13.1 本公约缔约各国承认，人人有受教育的权利。它们同意，教育应鼓励人的个性和尊严的充分发展，加强对人权和基本自由的尊重，并应使所有的人能有效地参加自由社会，促进各民族之间和各种族、人种或宗教团体之间的了解、容忍和友谊，和促进联合国维护和平的各项活动。 |
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13.2
本公约缔约各国认为，为了充分实现这一权利起见：
13.2.a 初等教育应属义务性质并一律免费； |
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13.2
本公约缔约各国认为，为了充分实现这一权利起见：
13.2.b 各种形式的中等教育，包括中等技术和职业教育，应以一切适当方法，普遍设立，并对一切人开放，特别要逐渐做到免费； |
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13.2
本公约缔约各国认为，为了充分实现这一权利起见：
13.2.d 对那些未受到或未完成初等教育的人的基础教育，应尽可能加以鼓励或推进； |
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13.2
本公约缔约各国认为，为了充分实现这一权利起见：
13.2.e 各级学校的制度，应积极加以发展；适当的奖学金制度，应予设置；教员的物质条件，应不断加以改善。 |