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Targets
instruments
Goal Target Instrument Article / Description

Reduce inequality within and among countries.

 10.4

Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality.

Indicators
10.4.1
Labour share of GDP
10.4.2
Redistributive impact of fiscal policy
 UDHR
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
23.2
Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
23.3
Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
25.1
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
ICESCR
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
2.1
Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take steps, individually and through international assistance and co-operation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Covenant by all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative measures.
3
The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights set forth in the present Covenant.
7 The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work which ensure, in particular:
7.a Remuneration which provides all workers, as a minimum, with:
7.a.i
Fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value without distinction of any kind, in particular women being guaranteed conditions of work not inferior to those enjoyed by men, with equal pay for equal work;
7 The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work which ensure, in particular:
7.a Remuneration which provides all workers, as a minimum, with:
7.a.ii
A decent living for themselves and their families in accordance with the provisions of the present Covenant;
9
The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to social security, including social insurance.
11.1
The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions. The States Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent.
ICERD
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2.2
States Parties shall, when the circumstances so warrant, take, in the social, economic, cultural and other fields, special and concrete measures to ensure the adequate development and protection of certain racial groups or individuals belonging to them, for the purpose of guaranteeing them the full and equal enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms. These measures shall in no case en tail as a con sequence the maintenance of unequal or separate rights for different racial groups after the objectives for which they were taken have been achieved.
5 In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights:
5.e Economic, social and cultural rights, in particular:
5.e.i
The rights to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work, to protection against unemployment, to equal pay for equal work, to just and favourable remuneration;
CRC
Convention on the Rights of the Child
2.1
States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights set forth in the present Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the child's or his or her parent's or legal guardian's race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status.
4
States Parties shall undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative, and other measures for the implementation of the rights recognized in the present Convention. With regard to economic, social and cultural rights, States Parties shall undertake such measures to the maximum extent of their available resources and, where needed, within the framework of international co-operation.
19.1
States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child.
19.2
Such protective measures should, as appropriate, include effective procedures for the establishment of social programmes to provide necessary support for the child and for those who have the care of the child, as well as for other forms of prevention and for identification, reporting, referral, investigation, treatment and follow-up of instances of child maltreatment described heretofore, and, as appropriate, for judicial involvement.
26.1
States Parties shall recognize for every child the right to benefit from social security, including social insurance, and shall take the necessary measures to achieve the full realization of this right in accordance with their national law.
26.2
The benefits should, where appropriate, be granted, taking into account the resources and the circumstances of the child and persons having responsibility for the maintenance of the child, as well as any other consideration relevant to an application for benefits made by or on behalf of the child.
CEDAW
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:
2.a
To embody the principle of the equality of men and women in their national constitutions or other appropriate legislation if not yet incorporated therein and to ensure, through law and other appropriate means, the practical realization of this principle;
2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:
2.b
To adopt appropriate legislative and other measures, including sanctions where appropriate, prohibiting all discrimination against women;
2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:
2.c
To establish legal protection of the rights of women on an equal basis with men and to ensure through competent national tribunals and other public institutions the effective protection of women against any act of discrimination;
2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:
2.d
To refrain from engaging in any act or practice of discrimination against women and to ensure that public authorities and institutions shall act in conformity with this obligation;
2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:
2.e
To take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women by any person, organization or enterprise;
2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:
2.f
To take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or abolish existing laws, regulations, customs and practices which constitute discrimination against women;
2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:
2.g
To repeal all national penal provisions which constitute discrimination against women.
3
States Parties shall take in all fields, in particular in the political, social, economic and cultural fields, all appropriate measures, including legislation, to en sure the full development and advancement of women , for the purpose of guaranteeing them the exercise and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms on a basis of equality with men.
11.1 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of employment in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, the same rights, in particular:
11.1.d
The right to equal remuneration, including benefits, and to equal treatment in respect of work of equal value, as well as equality of treatment in the evaluation of the quality of work;
11.2 In order to prevent discrimination against women on the grounds of marriage or maternity and to ensure their effective right to work, States Parties shall take appropriate measures:
11.2.d
To provide special protection to women during pregnancy in types of work proved to be harmful to them.
13
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in other areas of economic and social life in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, the same rights, in particular:
14.2 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right:
14.2.a
To participate in the elaboration and implementation of development planning at all levels;
CRPD
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
4.1 States Parties undertake to ensure and promote the full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all persons with disabilities without discrimination of any kind on the basis of disability. To this end, States Parties undertake:
4.1.a
To adopt all appropriate legislative, administrative and other measures for the implementation of the rights recognized in the present Convention;
4.1 States Parties undertake to ensure and promote the full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all persons with disabilities without discrimination of any kind on the basis of disability. To this end, States Parties undertake:
4.1.b
To take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or abolish existing laws, regulations, customs and practices that constitute discrimination against persons with disabilities;
4.2
With regard to economic, social and cultural rights, each State Party undertakes to take measures to the maximum of its available resources and, where needed, within the framework of international cooperation, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of these rights, without prejudice to those obligations contained in the present Convention that are immediately applicable according to international law.
27.1 States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to work, on an equal basis with others; this includes the right to the opportunity to gain a living by work freely chosen or accepted in a labour market and work environment that is open, inclusive and accessible to persons with disabilities. States Parties shall safeguard and promote the realization of the right to work, including for those who acquire a disability during the course of employment, by taking appropriate steps, including through legislation, to, inter alia:
27.1.b
Protect the rights of persons with disabilities, on an equal basis with others, to just and favourable conditions of work, including equal opportunities and equal remuneration for work of equal value, safe and healthy working conditions, including protection from harassment, and the redress of grievances;
28.2 States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to social protection and to the enjoyment of that right without discrimination on the basis of disability, and shall take appropriate steps to safeguard and promote the realization of this right, including measures:
28.2.b
To ensure access by persons with disabilities, in particular women and girls with disabilities and older persons with disabilities, to social protection programmes and poverty reduction programmes;
28.2 States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to social protection and to the enjoyment of that right without discrimination on the basis of disability, and shall take appropriate steps to safeguard and promote the realization of this right, including measures:
28.2.c
To ensure access by persons with disabilities and their families living in situations of poverty to assistance from the State with disability-related expenses, including adequate training, counselling, financial assistance and respite care;
ICRMW
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
25.1
Migrant workers shall enjoy treatment not less favourable than that which applies to nationals of the State of employment in respect of remuneration and:
27.1
With respect to social security, migrant workers and members of their families shall enjoy in the State of employment the same treatment granted to nationals in so far as they fulfil the requirements provided for by the applicable legislation of that State and the applicable bilateral and multilateral treaties. The competent authorities of the State of origin and the State of employment can at any time establish the necessary arrangements to determine the modalities of application of this norm.
43.1 Migrant workers shall enjoy equality of treatment with nationals of the State of employment in relation to:
43.1.e
Access to social and health services, provided that the requirements for participation in the respective schemes are met;
45.1 Members of the families of migrant workers shall, in the State of employment, enjoy equality of treatment with nationals of that State in relation to:
45.1.c
Access to social and health services, provided that requirements for participation in the respective schemes are met;
84
Each State Party undertakes to adopt the legislative and other measures that are necessary to implement the provisions of the present Convention.
UNDRIP
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
15.2
States shall take effective measures, in consultation and cooperation with the indigenous peoples concerned, to combat prejudice and eliminate discrimination and to promote tolerance, understanding and good relations among indigenous peoples and all other segments of society.
17.3
Indigenous individuals have the right not to be subjected to any discriminatory conditions of labour and, inter alia, employment or salary.
20.1
Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and develop their political, economic and social systems or institutions, to be secure in the enjoyment of their own means of subsistence and development, and to engage freely in all their traditional and other economic activities.
21.1
Indigenous peoples have the right, without discrimination, to the improvement of their economic and social conditions, including, inter alia, in the areas of education, employment, vocational training and retraining, housing, sanitation, health and social security.
ILO 95
Protection of Wages Convention, 1949 (No. 95)
ILO 95
This ILO Convention stipulates that wages shall be paid in legal tender at regular intervals. In cases where partial payment of wages is in kind, the value of such allowances should be fair and reasonable.
ILO 100
Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100)
ILO 100
This fundamental ILO Convention requires ratifying countries to ensure the application to all workers of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value.
ILO 102
Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 (No. 102)
ILO 102
This ILO Convention lays down minimum standards for the level of social security benefits and the conditions under which they are granted, covering the 9 principal branches of social security (medical care, sickness, unemployment, old age, employment injury, family, maternity, invalidity and survivor's benefits).
ILO 111
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111)
Description 1
This fundamental ILO Convention defines discrimination as any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation.
ILO 118
Equality of Treatment (Social Security) Convention, 1962 (No. 118)
ILO 118
This ILO Convention establishes rules on the equality of treatment of nationals and non-nationals in social security, especially for migrant workers.
ILO 131
Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970 (No. 131)
ILO 131
This ILO Convention requires ratifying states to establish a minimum wage fixing machinery capable of determining and periodically reviewing and adjusting minimum wage rates having the force of law.
ILO 157
Maintenance of Social Security Rights Convention, 1982 (No. 157)
ILO 157
This ILO Convention provide for certain social security rights and benefits for migrant workers, who face the problem of losing entitlements to social security benefits, which they enjoyed in their country of origin.
ILO Rec 202
Social Protection Floors Recommendation, 2012 (No. 202)
ILO Rec 202
This recommendation gives guidance on introducing and maintaining social security floors and on implementing social protection floors.
European Social Charter
European Social Charter (Revised)
Part II
The Parties undertake, as provided for in Part III, to consider themselves bound by the obligations laid down in the following articles and paragraphs.
Part#II.8
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of employed women to the protection of maternity, the Parties undertake:
Part#I.8
Employed women, in case of maternity, have the right to a special protection.
Part#II.8.1
to provide either by paid leave, by adequate social security benefits or by benefits from public funds for employed women to take leave before and after childbirth up to a total of at least fourteen weeks;
Part#II.12
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to social security, the Parties undertake:
Part#I.12
All workers and their dependents have the right to social security.
Part#II.12.1
to establish or maintain a system of social security;
Part#II.12.2
to maintain the social security system at a satisfactory level at least equal to that necessary for the ratification of the European Code of Social Security;
Part#II.12.3
to endeavour to raise progressively the system of social security to a higher level;
Part#II.12.4
to take steps, by the conclusion of appropriate bilateral and multilateral agreements or by other means, and subject to the conditions laid down in such agreements, in order to ensure:
Part#II.12.4.a
equal treatment with their own nationals of the nationals of other Parties in respect of social security rights, including the retention of benefits arising out of social security legislation, whatever movements the persons protected may undertake between the territories of the Parties;
Part#II.12.4.b
the granting, maintenance and resumption of social security rights by such means as the accumulation of insurance or employment periods completed under the legislation of each of the Parties.
Part#II.13
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to social and medical assistance, the Parties undertake:
Part#II.13.1
to ensure that any person who is without adequate resources and who is unable to secure such resources either by his own efforts or from other sources, in particular by benefits under a social security scheme, be granted adequate assistance, and, in case of sickness, the care necessitated by his condition;
Part#II.13.2
to ensure that persons receiving such assistance shall not, for that reason, suffer from a diminution of their political or social rights;
Part#II.13.3
to provide that everyone may receive by appropriate public or private services such advice and personal help as may be required to prevent, to remove, or to alleviate personal or family want;
Part#II.13.4
to apply the provisions referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this article on an equal footing with their nationals to nationals of other Parties lawfully within their territories, in accordance with their obligations under the European Convention on Social and Medical Assistance, signed at Paris on 11 December 1953.
Part#II.16
With a view to ensuring the necessary conditions for the full development of the family, which is a fundamental unit of society, the Parties undertake to promote the economic, legal and social protection of family life by such means as social and family benefits, fiscal arrangements, provision of family housing, benefits for the newly married and other appropriate means.
Part#II.17
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of children and young persons to grow up in an environment which encourages the full development of their personality and of their physical and mental capacities, the Parties undertake, either directly or in co-operation with public and private organisations, to take all appropriate and necessary measures designed:
Part#II.17.1.a
to ensure that children and young persons, taking account of the rights and duties of their parents, have the care, the assistance, the education and the training they need, in particular by providing for the establishment or maintenance of institutions and services sufficient and adequate for this purpose;
Part#II.17.1.b
to protect children and young persons against negligence, violence or exploitation;
Part#II.17.1.c
to provide protection and special aid from the state for children and young persons temporarily or definitively deprived of their family's support;
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
4.2
The Parties undertake to adopt, where necessary, adequate measures in order to promote, in all areas of economic, social, political and cultural life, full and effective equality between persons belonging to a national minority and those belonging to the majority. In this respect, they shall take due account of the specific conditions of the persons belonging to national minorities.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
XIV
Every person has the right to work, under proper conditions, and to follow his vocation freely, insofar as existing conditions of employment permit. Every person who works has the right to receive such remuneration as will, in proportion to his capacity and skill, assure him a standard of living suitable for himself and for his family.
XVI
Every person has the right to social security which will protect him from the consequences of unemployment, old age, and any disabilities arising from causes beyond his control that make it physically or mentally impossible for him to earn a living.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
1
The States Parties to this Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights undertake to adopt the necessary measures, both domestically and through international cooperation, especially economic and technical, to the extent allowed by their available resources, and taking into account their degree of development, for the purpose of achieving progressively and pursuant to their internal legislations, the full observance of the rights recognized in this Protocol.
6.1
Everyone has the right to work, which includes the opportunity to secure the means for living a dignified and decent existence by performing a freely elected or accepted lawful activity.
7
The States Parties to this Protocol recognize that the right to work to which the foregoing article refers presupposes that everyone shall enjoy that right under just, equitable, and satisfactory conditions, which the States Parties undertake to guarantee in their internal legislation, particularly with respect to:
7.h
Rest, leisure and paid vacations as well as remuneration for national holidays.
9.1
Everyone shall have the right to social security protecting him from the consequences of old age and of disability which prevents him, physically or mentally, from securing the means for a dignified and decent existence. In the event of the death of a beneficiary, social security benefits shall be applied to his dependents.
9.2
In the case of persons who are employed, the right to social security shall cover at least medical care and an allowance or retirement benefit in the case of work accidents or occupational disease and, in the case of women, paid maternity leave before and after childbirth.
Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
III
To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake:
III.1
To adopt the legislative, social, educational, labor-related, or any other measures needed to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society, including, but not limited to:
III.1.a
Measures to eliminate discrimination gradually and to promote integration by government authorities and/or private entities in providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities such as employment, transportation, communications, housing, recreation, education, sports, law enforcement and administration of justice, and political and administrative activities;
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
1
The Member States of the Organization of African Unity parties to the present Charter shall recognize the rights, duties and freedoms enshrined in this Charter and shall undertake to adopt legislative or other measures to give effect to them.
15
Every individual shall have the right to work under equitable and satisfactory conditions, and shall receive equal pay for equal work.
18.3
The State shall ensure the elimination of every discrimination against women and also censure the protection of the rights of the woman and the child as stipulated in international declarations and conventions.
18.4
The aged and the disabled shall also have the right to special measures of protection in keeping with their physical or moral needs.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
1.1
Member States of the Organization of African Unity, Parties to the present Charter shall recognize the rights, freedoms and duties enshrined in this Charter and shall undertake the necessary steps, in accordance with their Constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Charter, to adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of this Charter.
3
Every child shall be entitled to the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms recognized and guaranteed in this Charter irrespective of the child’s or his/her parents’ or legal guardians’ race, ethnic group, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national and social origin, fortune, birth or other status.
20.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall in accordance with their means and national conditions take all appropriate measures:
20.2.b
to assist parents and others responsible for the child in the performance of child-rearing and ensure the development of institutions responsible for providing care of children;
20.2.c
to ensure that the children of working parents are provided with care services and facilities.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
2.1
States Parties shall combat all forms of discrimination against women through appropriate legislative, institutional and other measures. In this regard they shall:
2.1.a
include in their national constitutions and other legislative instruments, if not already done, the principle of equality between women and men and ensure its effective application;
2.1.c
integrate a gender perspective in their policy decisions, legislation, development plans, programmes and activities and in all other spheres of life;
2.1.d
take corrective and positive action in those areas where discrimination against women in law and in fact continues to exist;
13
States Parties shall adopt and enforce legislative and other measures to guarantee women equal opportunities in work and career advancement and other economic opportunities. In this respect, they shall:
13.a
promote equality of access to employment;
13.b
promote the right to equal remuneration for jobs of equal value for women and men;
13.d
guarantee women the freedom to choose their occupation, and protect them from exploitation by their employers violating and exploiting their fundamental rights as recognised and guaranteed by conventions, laws and regulations in force;
13.e
create conditions to promote and support the occupations and economic activities of women, in particular, within the informal sector;
13.f
establish a system of protection and social insurance for women working in the informal sector and sensitise them to adhere to it;
13.i
guarantee adequate and paid pre- and post-natal maternity leave in both the private and public sectors
13.j
ensure the equal application of taxation laws to women and men;
13.k
recognise and enforce the right of salaried women to the same allowances and entitlements as those granted to salaried men for their spouses and children
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.a
introduce the gender perspective in the national development planning procedures;
19.d
promote women’s access to credit, training, skills development and extension services at rural and urban levels in order to provide women with a higher quality of life and reduce the level of poverty among women;
26.2
States Parties undertake to adopt all necessary measures and in particular shall provide budgetary and other resources for the full and effective implementation of the rights herein recognised