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Targets instruments
Instrument Article / Description Target Indicator
UDHR
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
ICESCR
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
11.1
The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions. The States Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
12.1
The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
12.2.b
The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
CRC
Convention on the Rights of the Child
24.2.c
To combat disease and malnutrition, including within the framework of primary health care, through, inter alia, the application of readily available technology and through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking-water, taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
CEDAW
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
14.2.h
To enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
CRPD
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
28.2.a
To ensure equal access by persons with disabilities to clean water services, and to ensure access to appropriate and affordable services, devices and other assistance for disability-related needs;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
1
The objective of the present Agreement is to guarantee the full and effective implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of the rights of access to environmental information, public participation in the environmental decision-making process and access to justice in environmental matters, and the creation and strengthening of capacities and cooperation, contributing to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in a healthy environment and to sustainable development.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
4.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
4.2
Each Party shall ensure that the rights recognized in the present Agreement are freely exercised.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
6.9
Each Party shall promote access to environmental information contained in concessions, contracts, agreements or authorizations granted, which involve the use of public goods, services or resources, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
1
The States Parties to this Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights undertake to adopt the necessary measures, both domestically and through international cooperation, especially economic and technical, to the extent allowed by their available resources, and taking into account their degree of development, for the purpose of achieving progressively and pursuant to their internal legislations, the full observance of the rights recognized in this Protocol.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
10.1
Everyone shall have the right to health, understood to mean the enjoyment of the highest level of physical, mental and social well-being.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
III.2
To work on a priority basis in the following areas:
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
III.2.a
Prevention of all forms of preventable disabilities;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
16.1
Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
16.2
States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
22.2
States shall have the duty, individually or collectively, to ensure the exercise of the right to development.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
14.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures:
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
14.2.c
to ensure the provision of adequate nutrition and safe drinking water;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
15
States Parties shall ensure that women have the right to nutritious and adequate food. In this regard, they shall take appropriate measures to:
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
15.a
provide women with access to clean drinking water, sources of domestic fuel, land, and the means of producing nutritious food;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
UNCCD
UN Convention to Combat Desertification
2.1
The objective of this Convention is to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought in countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa, through effective action at all levels, supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements, in the framework of an integrated approach which is consistent with Agenda 21, with a view to contributing to the achievement of sustainable development in affected areas.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
2.2
Achieving this objective will involve long-term integrated strategies that focus simultaneously, in affected areas, on improved productivity of land, and the rehabilitation, conservation and sustainable management of land and water resources, leading to improved living conditions, in particular at the community level.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
3
In order to achieve the objective of this Convention and to implement its provisions, the Parties shall be guided, inter alia, by the following:
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
3.c
the Parties should develop, in a spirit of partnership, cooperation among all levels of government, communities, non-governmental organizations and landholders to establish a better understanding of the nature and value of land and scarce water resources in affected areas and to work towards their sustainable use;
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
17.1.g
enhance the availability of water resources in affected areas, by means of, inter alia, cloud-seeding.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
17.1
The Parties undertake, according to their respective capabilities, to promote technical and scientific cooperation in the fields of combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought through appropriate national, subregional, regional and international institutions. To this end, they shall support research activities that:
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Ramsar convention
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
3.1
The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.
6.4 (6. Clean water and sanitation)

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater witdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources