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الأهداف المقاصد الآليات وصف المقال
16

التشجيع على إقامة مجتمعات مسالمة لا يهمش فيها أحد من أجل تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، وإتاحة إمكانية وصول الجميع إلى العدالة، وبناء مؤسسات فعالة وخاضع للمساءلة وشاملة للجميع على جميع المستويات.

16.7

ضمان اتخاذ القرارات على نحو مستجيب للاحتياجات وشامل للجميع وتشاركي وتمثيلي على جميع المستويات.

Indicators
16.7.1
نسبة الوظائف (بحسب الفئة العمرية، ونوع الجنس، والأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة، والفئات السكانية) في المؤسسات العامة (الهيئات التشريعية الوطنية والمحلية، والخدمة العامة، والسلطة القضائية) مقارنة بمستويات التوزيع على المستوى الوطني.
16.7.2
Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group
 ساننإعلان الخاص بالمدافعين عن حقوق الإال 2.1 يقع على عاتق كل دولة مسؤولية وواجب رئيسيان في حماية وتعزيز وإعمال جميع حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية، بعدة طرق منها اتخاذ ما قد يلزم من خطوات لتهيئة جميع اﻷوضاع اللازمة في الميادين الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية وغيرها من الميادين، فضلا عن إتاحة الضمانات القانونية المطلوبة لتمكين جميع الأشخاص الخاضعين لولايتها، بمفردهم وبالاشتراك مع غيرهم، من التمتع فعلا بجميع هذه الحقوق والحريات.
2.1 يقع على عاتق كل دولة مسؤولية وواجب رئيسيان في حماية وتعزيز وإعمال جميع حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية، بعدة طرق منها اتخاذ ما قد يلزم من خطوات لتهيئة جميع اﻷوضاع اللازمة في الميادين الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية وغيرها من الميادين، فضلا عن إتاحة الضمانات القانونية المطلوبة لتمكين جميع الأشخاص الخاضعين لولايتها، بمفردهم وبالاشتراك مع غيرهم، من التمتع فعلا بجميع هذه الحقوق والحريات.
2.2 تتخذ كل دولة الخطوات التشريعية والإدارية والخطوات الأخرى اللازمة لضمان التمتع الفعلي بالحقوق والحريات المشار إليها في هذا الإعلان.
8.1 من حق كل شخص، بمفرده وبالاشتراك مع غيره، أن تتاح له بالفعل وعلى أساس غير تمييزي، فرصة المشاركة في حكومة بلده أو بلدها وفي تصريف الشؤون العامة.
8.1 من حق كل شخص، بمفرده وبالاشتراك مع غيره، أن تتاح له بالفعل وعلى أساس غير تمييزي، فرصة المشاركة في حكومة بلده أو بلدها وفي تصريف الشؤون العامة.
8.2 ويشمل هذا، ضمن أمور أخرى، حق الشخص، بمفرده وبالاشتراك مع غيره، في تقديم انتقادات ومقترحات إلى الهيئات والوكالات الحكومية والمنظمات المعنية بالشؤون العامة لتحسين أدائها، وفي توجيه اﻻنتباه إلى أي جانب من جوانب عملها قد يعوق أو يعرقل تعزيز حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية وحمايتها وإعمالها.
9.1 لكل شخص، لدى ممارسة حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية، بما في ذلك تعزيز حقوق الإنسان وحمايتها على النحو المشار إليه في هذا الإعلان، الحق، بمفرده وبالاشتراك مع غيره، في الإفادة من أي سبيل انتصاف فعال وفي الحماية في حالة انتهاك هذه الحقوق.
9.4 وتحقيقا للغاية نفسها، يحق لكل شخص، بمفرده وبالاشتراك مع غيره، وفقا للصكوك والإجراءات الدولية المنطبقة، الوصول دون عائق إلى الهيئات الدولية المختصة اختصاصا عاما أو محددا بتلقي ودراسة البلاغات المتعلقة بمسائل حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية، والاتصال بهذه الهيئات.
18.2 للأفراد والجماعات والمؤسسات والمنظمات غير الحكومية دور مهم يؤدونه ومسؤولية يضطلعون بها في صون الديمقراطية وتعزيز حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية والإسهام في تعزيز المجتمعات والمؤسسات والعمليات الديمقراطية والنهوض بها.
الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان 21.1 لكل فرد الحق في الاشتراك في إدارة الشؤون العامة لبلاده إما مباشرة وإما بواسطة ممثلين يختارون اختياراً حراً.
العهد الدولي الخاص بالحقوق المدنية والسياسية
25 يكون لكل مواطن، دون أي وجه من وجوه التمييز المذكور في المادة 2، الحقوق التالية، التي يجب أن تتاح له فرصة التمتع بها دون قيود غير معقولة:
25-(أ) أن يشارك في إدارة الشؤون العامة، إما مباشرة وإما بواسطة ممثلين يختارون في حرية،
25 يكون لكل مواطن، دون أي وجه من وجوه التمييز المذكور في المادة 2، الحقوق التالية، التي يجب أن تتاح له فرصة التمتع بها دون قيود غير معقولة:
25-(ب) أن ينتخب وينتخب، في انتخابات نزيهة تجرى دوريا بالاقتراع العام وعلى قدم المساواة بين الناخبين وبالتصويت السري، تضمن التعبير الحر عن إرادة الناخبين،
25 يكون لكل مواطن، دون أي وجه من وجوه التمييز المذكور في المادة 2، الحقوق التالية، التي يجب أن تتاح له فرصة التمتع بها دون قيود غير معقولة:
25-(ج) أن تتاح له، على قدم المساواة عموما مع سواه، فرصة تقلد الوظائف العامة في بلده.
الاتفاقية الدولية للقضاء على جميع أشكال التمييز العنصري
5 إيفاء للالتزامات الأساسية المقررة في المادة 2 من هذه الاتفاقية، تتعهد الدول الأطراف بحظر التمييز العنصري والقضاء عليه بكافة أشكاله، وبضمان حق كل إنسان، دون تمييز بسبب العرق أو اللون أو الأصل القومي أو الاثني، في المساواة أمام القانون، لا سيما بصدد التمتع بالحقوق التالية:
5-(ج) الحقوق السياسية، ولا سيما حق الاشتراك في الانتخابات -اقتراعا وترشيحا- علي أساس الاقتراع العام المتساوي، والإسهام في الحكم وفي إدارة الشؤون العامة علي جميع المستويات، وتولي الوظائف العامة علي قدم المساواة،
اتفاقية حقوق الطفل 12.1 تكفل الدول الأطراف في هذه الاتفاقية للطفل القادر على تكوين آرائه الخاصة حق التعبير عن تلك الآراء بحرية في جميع المسائل التي تمس الطفل، وتولى آراء الطفل الاعتبار الواجب وفقا لسن الطفل ونضجه.
اتفاقية القضاء على جميع أشكال التمييز ضد المرأة
7 تتخذ الدول الأطراف جميع التدابير المناسبة للقضاء على التمييز ضد المرأة في الحياة السياسية والعامة للبلد، وبوجه خاص تكفل للمرأة، على قدم المساواة مع الرجل، الحق في:
7-(أ) التصويت في جميع الانتخابات والاستفتاءات العامة، والأهلية للانتخاب لجميع الهيئات التي ينتخب أعضاؤها بالاقتراع العام،
7 تتخذ الدول الأطراف جميع التدابير المناسبة للقضاء على التمييز ضد المرأة في الحياة السياسية والعامة للبلد، وبوجه خاص تكفل للمرأة، على قدم المساواة مع الرجل، الحق في:
7-(ب) المشاركة في صياغة سياسة الحكومة وفى تنفيذ هذه السياسة، وفى شغل الوظائف العامة، وتأدية جميع المهام العامة على جميع المستويات الحكومية،
7 تتخذ الدول الأطراف جميع التدابير المناسبة للقضاء على التمييز ضد المرأة في الحياة السياسية والعامة للبلد، وبوجه خاص تكفل للمرأة، على قدم المساواة مع الرجل، الحق في:
7-(ج) المشاركة في أية منظمات وجمعيات غير حكومية تهتم بالحياة العامة والسياسية للبلد.
اتفاقية حقوق الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة 4.3 تتشاور الدول الأطراف تشاوراً وثيقا مع الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة بمن فيهم الأطفال ذوو الإعاقة، من خلال المنظمات التي تمثلهم، بشأن وضع وتنفيذ التشريعات والسياسات الرامية إلى تنفيذ هذه الاتفاقية، وفي عمليات صنع القرار الأخرى بشأن المسائل التي تتعلق بالأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة، وإشراكهم فعليا في ذلك.
الاتفاقية الدولية لحماية حقوق جميع العمال المهاجرين وأفراد أسرهم 41.1 يحق للعمال المهاجرين وأفراد أسرهم، أن يشاركوا في الشؤون العامة في دولة منشئهم، وأن يدلوا بأصواتهم وأن يُنتخبوا في الانتخابات التي ُتجرى في تلك الدولة، وفقا لتشريعها.
41.2 تقوم الدول المعنية، حسب الاقتضاء ووفقا لتشريعها، بتيسير ممارسة هذه الحقوق.
42.1 تنظر الدول الأطراف في أمر وضع إجراءات أو إنشاء مؤسسات يمكن عن طريقها أن ُتراعى، سواء في دول المنشأ أو دول العمل، الاحتياجات والأماني والالتزامات الخاصة للعمال المهاجرين وأفراد أسرهم، وتتوخى، حسب الاقتضاء، إمكانية أن يصبح للعمال المهاجرين وأفراد أسرهم، في تلك المؤسسات، ممثلون يتم اختيارهم بحرية.
42.2 تيسر دول العمل، وفقا لتشريعها الوطني، استشارة العمال المهاجرين وأفراد أسرهم أو مشاركتهم في اتخاذ القرارات المتعلقة بحياة المجتمعات المحلية وإدارتها.
42.3 يجوز أن يتمتع العمال المهاجرون بالحقوق السياسية في دولة العمل إذا منحتهم تلك الدولة هذه الحقوق في ممارستها لسيادتها.
إعلان الأمم المتحدة بشأن حقوق الشعوب الأصلية 5 للشعوب الأصلية الحق في الحفاظ على مؤسساتها السياسية والقانونية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية المتميزة وتعزيزها، مع احتفاظها بحقها في المشاركة الكاملة، إذا اختارت ذلك، في الحياة السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية للدولة.
18 للشعوب الأصلية الحق في المشاركة في اتخاذ القرارات المتعلقة بالمسائل التي تمس حقوقها من خلال ممثلين تختارهم هي بنفسها ووفقا لإجراءاتها الخاصة، وكذلك الحق في حفظ وتطوير مؤسساتها الأصلية الخاصة بها التي تقوم باتخاذ القرارات.
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters 1 In order to contribute to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in an environment adequate to his or her health and well-being, each Party shall guarantee the rights of access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.
3.1 Each Party shall take the necessary legislative, regulatory and other measures, including measures to achieve compatibility between the provisions implementing the information, public participation and access-to-justice provisions in this Convention, as well as proper enforcement measures, to establish and maintain a clear, transparent and consistent framework to implement the provisions of this Convention.
3.2 Each Party shall endeavour to ensure that officials and authorities assist and provide guidance to the public in seeking access to information, in facilitating participation in decision-making and in seeking access to justice in environmental matters.
3.3 Each Party shall promote environmental education and environmental awareness among the public, especially on how to obtain access to information, to participate in decision-making and to obtain access to justice in environmental matters.
3.5 The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the right of a Party to maintain or introduce measures providing for broader access to information, more extensive public participation in decision-making and wider access to justice in environmental matters than required by this Convention.
3.6 This Convention shall not require any derogation from existing rights of access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters.
3.9 Within the scope of the relevant provisions of this Convention, the public shall have access to information, have the possibility to participate in decision-making and have access to justice in environmental matters without discrimination as to citizenship, nationality or domicile and, in the case of a legal person, without discrimination as to where it has its registered seat or an effective centre of its activities.
6.2.d.vi An indication of what environmental information relevant to the proposed activity is available; and
6.2.e The fact that the activity is subject to a national or transboundary environmental impact assessment procedure.
6.4 Each Party shall provide for early public participation, when all options are open and effective public participation can take place.
6.6.e An outline of the main alternatives studied by the applicant; and
6.6 Each Party shall require the competent public authorities to give the public concerned access for examination, upon request where so required under national law, free of charge and as soon as it becomes available, to all information relevant to the decision-making referred to in this article that is available at the time of the public participation procedure, without prejudice to the right of Parties to refuse to disclose certain information in accordance with article 4, paragraphs 3 and 4. The relevant information shall include at least, and without prejudice to the provisions of article 4:
6.6.f In accordance with national legislation, the main reports and advice issued to the public authority at the time when the public concerned shall be informed in accordance with paragraph 2 above.
6.10 Each Party shall ensure that, when a public authority reconsiders or updates the operating conditions for an activity referred to in paragraph 1, the provisions of paragraphs 2 to 9 of this article are applied mutatis mutandis, and where appropriate.
6.11 Each Party shall, within the framework of its national law, apply, to the extent feasible and appropriate, provisions of this article to decisions on whether to permit the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms into the environment.
8.a Time-frames sufficient for effective participation should be fixed;
10.1 The first meeting of the Parties shall be convened no later than one year after the date of the entry into force of this Convention. Thereafter, an ordinary meeting of the Parties shall be held at least once every two years, unless otherwise decided by the Parties, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to all Parties by the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe, the said request is supported by at least one third of the Parties.
10.3 The Meeting of the Parties may, as necessary, consider establishing financial arrangements on a consensus basis.
14.6 On the expiry of twelve months from the date of its communication by the Depositary as provided for in paragraph 4 above an amendment to an annex shall become effective for those Parties which have not submitted a notification to the Depositary in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5 above, provided that not more than one third of the Parties have submitted such a notification.
Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention 1 The objective of this Protocol is to enhance public access to information through the establishment of coherent, integrated, nationwide pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol, which could facilitate public participation in environmental decision-making as well as contribute to the prevention and reduction of pollution of the environment.
4.i Allows for public participation in its development and modification; and
13.1 Each Party shall ensure appropriate opportunities for public participation in the development of its national pollutant release and transfer register, within the framework of its national law.
13.2 For the purpose of paragraph 1, each Party shall provide the opportunity for free public access to the information on the proposed measures concerning the development of its national pollutant release and transfer register and for the submission of any comments, information, analyses or opinions that are relevant to the decision-making process, and the relevant authority shall take due account of such public input.
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean 4.3 Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
4.4 With the aim of contributing to the effective application of the present Agreement, each Party shall provide the public with information to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on access rights.
4.5 Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3 Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4 Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
5.18 Each Party shall establish or designate one or more impartial entities or institutions with autonomy and independence to promote transparency in access to environmental information, to oversee compliance with rules, and monitor, report on and guarantee the right of access to information. Each Party may consider including or strengthening, as appropriate, sanctioning powers within the scope of the responsibilities of the aforementioned entities or institutions.
6.1 Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.2 The competent authorities shall endeavour to ensure, to the extent possible, that environmental information is reusable, processable and available in formats that are accessible, and that no restrictions are placed on its reproduction or use, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.a the texts of treaties and international agreements, as well as environmental laws, regulations and administrative acts;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.b reports on the state of the environment;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.c a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.d a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.e information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.f scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.g climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.h information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.i an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.j information on the imposition of administrative sanctions in environmental matters.
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.z Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
6.4 Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.6 In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.a information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.b national actions to fulfil environmental legal obligations;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.c advances in the implementation of the access rights; and
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.d collaboration agreements among public, social and private sectors.
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.10 Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12 Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
7.1 Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.2 Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3 Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4 Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5 The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.a the type or nature of the environmental decision under consideration and, where appropriate, in non-technical language;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.b the authority responsible for making the decision and other authorities and bodies involved;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.c the procedure foreseen for the participation of the public, including the date on which the procedure will begin and end, mechanisms for participation and, where applicable, the date and place of any public consultation or hearing; and
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.d the public authorities involved from which additional information on the environmental decision under consideration can be requested and the procedure for requesting information.
7.7 The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.8 Each Party shall ensure that, once a decision has been made, the public is informed in a timely manner thereof and of the grounds and reasons underlying the decision, including how the observations of the public have been taken into consideration. The decision and its basis shall be made public and be accessible.
7.9 The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.10 Each Party shall establish conditions that are favourable to public participation in environmental decision-making processes and that are adapted to the social, economic, cultural, geographical and gender characteristics of the public.
7.11 When the primary language of the directly affected public is different to the official languages, the public authority shall ensure that means are provided to facilitate their understanding and participation.
7.12 Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
7.13 Each Party shall encourage the establishment of appropriate spaces for consultation on environmental matters or the use of those that are already in existence in which various groups and sectors are able to participate. Each Party shall promote regard for local knowledge, dialogue and interaction of different views and knowledge, where appropriate.
7.14 The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
7.15 In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed.
7.16 The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation.
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.a a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.b a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.c a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.d a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.e the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.f a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.g actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.z The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
البروتوكول الإضافي للاتفاقية الأوروبية لحماية حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية 3 تلتزم الأطراف المتعاقدة الســامية بتنظيم انتخابــات حرة بالاقتراع الســري وعلى فتــرات معقولة وفي الظروف التي تؤمــن التعبير الحر لرأي الشعب في اختيار الهيئة التشريعية.
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 15 The Parties shall create the conditions necessary for the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities in cultural, social and economic life and in public affairs, in particular those affecting them.
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man XX Every person having legal capacity is entitled to participate in the government of his country, directly or through his representatives, and to take part in popular elections, which shall be by secret ballot, and shall be honest, periodic and free.
American Convention on Human Rights 23.1 Every citizen shall enjoy the following rights and opportunities:
23.1.a to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives;
23.1.b to vote and to be elected in genuine periodic elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and by secret ballot that guarantees the free expression of the will of the voters;
23.1.c to have access, under general conditions of equality, to the public service of his country.
23.2 The law may regulate the exercise of the rights and opportunities referred to in the preceding paragraph only on the basis of age, nationality, residence, language, education, civil and mental capacity, or sentencing by a competent court in criminal proceedings.
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities V.1 To the extent that it is consistent with their respective internal laws, the states parties shall promote participation by representatives of organizations of persons with disabilities, nongovernmental organizations working in this area, or, if such organizations do not exist, persons with disabilities, in the development, execution, and evaluation of measures and policies to implement this Convention
الميثاق الأفريقي لحقوق الإنسان والشعوب 13.1 Every citizen shall have the right to participate freely in the government of his country, either directly of through freely chosen representatives in accordance with the provisions of the law.
13.2 Every citizen shall have the right of equal access to the public service of his country.
الميثاق الأفريقي بشأن حقوق ورفاهية الطفل 7 Every child who is capable of communicating his or her own views shall be assured the rights to express his opinions freely in all matters and to disseminate his opinions subject to such restrictions as are prescribed by laws.
بروتوكول الميثاق الأفريقي لحقوق الإنسان والشعوب بشأن حقوق المرأة 9.1 States Parties shall take specific positive action to promote participative governance and the equal participation of women in the political life of their countries through affirmative action, enabling national legislation and other measures to ensure that:
9.1.a women participate without any discrimination in all elections;
9.1.b women are represented equally at all levels with men in all electoral processes;
9.1.c women are equal partners with men at all levels of development and implementation of State policies and development programmes.
9.2 States Parties shall ensure increased and effective representation and participation of women at all levels of decision-making.
17.1 Women shall have the right to live in a positive cultural context and to participate at all levels in the determination of cultural policies
17.2 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to enhance the participation of women in the formulation of cultural policies at all levels.
18.2 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.a ensure greater participation of women in the planning, management and preservation of the environment and the sustainable use of natural resources at all levels;
19 Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.b ensure participation of women at all levels in the conceptualisation, decision-making, implementation and evaluation of development policies and programmes;
خ تغير بشأن الإطارية المتحدة الأمم 4.1 All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall:
4.1.i قوم جميع الأطراف، واضعين في الاعتبار مسؤولياهتم المشتركة، وإن كانت متباينة، وأولوياهتم وأهدافهم وظروفهم الإنمائية المحددة على الصعيدين الوطني والإقليمي، بما يلي: العمل والتعاون على التعليم والتدريب والتوعية العامة فيما يتـصل بـتغير المناخ، وتشجيع المشاركة على أوسع نطاق في هذه العملية، بما في ذلك المشاركة من جانب المنظمات غير الحكومية؛
6 ( )ﻁ١ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ، ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﻼﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ٤ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﲟـﺎ، ﻳﻠﻲ:
6.a ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ، ﻭﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﹰﺎ، ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﺼﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ، ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ، ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻭﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
6.a.i The development and implementation of educational and public awareness programmes on climate change and its effects;
6.a.ii Public access to information on climate change and its effects;
6.a.iii y
6.b ﺍﻟ ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ، ﻭﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺎ، ﺑﺎﻻﺳـﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳍﻴﺌـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﻫﺎ:
6.b.i y
6.b.ii ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴﺔ، ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺪﺍ ﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ ﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻥ، ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ.
اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي 8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8-(ي) Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
14.1 Each Contracting Party, as far as possible and as appropriate, shall:
14.1.a Introduce appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likeiy to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where appropriate. allow for public participation in such procedures;