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الأهداف المقاصد الآليات وصف المقال
2

القضاء على الجوع وتوفير الأمن الغذائي والتغذية المحسّنة وتعزيز الزراعة المستدامة.

2.5

الحفاظ على التنوع الجيني للبذور والنباتات المزروعة والحيوانات الأليفة وما يتصل بها من الأنواع البرية، بما في ذلك من خلال بنوك البذور والنباتات المتنوّعة التي تُدار إدارة سليمة على كل من الصعيد الوطني والإقليمي والدولي، وضمان الوصول إليها وتقاسم المنافع الناشئة عن استخدام الموارد الجينية وما يتّصل بها من معارف تقليدية بعدل وإنصاف على النحو المتفق عليه دوليا، بحلول عام 2020.

Indicators
2.5.1
Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium or long-term conservation facilities
2.5.2
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
إعلان الأمم المتحدة بشأن حقوق الشعوب الأصلية 31.1 للشعوب الأصلية الحق في الحفاظ والسيطرة على تراثها الثقافي ومعارفها التقليدية وتعبيراتها الثقافية التقليدية وحمايتها وتطويرها، وكذلك الأمر بالنسبة لمظاهر علومها وتكنولوجياتها وثقافاتها، بما في ذلك الموارد البشرية والجينية والبذور والأدوية ومعرفة خصائص الحيوانات والنباتات والتقاليد الشفوية والآداب والرسوم والرياضة بأنواعها والألعاب التقليدية والفنون البصرية والفنون الاستعراضية. ولها الحق أيضا في الحفاظ والسيطرة على ملكيتها الفكرية لهذا التراث الثقافي والمعارف التقليدية والتعبيرات الثقافية التقليدية وحمايتها وتطويرها.
American Convention on Human Rights 26 The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
بروتوكول الميثاق الأفريقي لحقوق الإنسان والشعوب بشأن حقوق المرأة 18.2 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.c protect and enable the development of women’s indigenous knowledge systems;
اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي 6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.a Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned;
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.b Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
7 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, in particular for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10:
7.a Identify components of biological diversity important for its conservation and sustainable use having regard to the indicative list of categories set down in Annex I;
7.b Monitor, through sampling and other techniques, the components of biological diversity identified pursuant to subparagraph (a) above, paying particular attention to those requiring urgent conservation measures and those which offer the greatest potential for sustainable use;
7.c Identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and monitor their effects through sampling and other techniques;
7.d Maintain and organize, by any mechanism data, derived from identification and monitoring activities pursuant to subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) above.
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.a Establish a system of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity;
8.c Regulate or manage biological resources important for the conservation of biological diversity whether within or outside protected areas, with a view to ensuring their conservation and sustainable use;
8.f Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies;
8.i Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8-(ي) Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
8.l Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
9 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, and predominantly for the purpose of complementing in-situ measures:
9.a Adopt measures for the ex-si tu conservation of components of biological diversity, preferably in tne country of origin of such components
9.b Establish and maintain facilities for ex-situ conservation of and research on plants, animals and micro-organisms, preferably in the country of origin of genetic resources;
9.c Adopt measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their reintroduction into their natural habitats under appropriate conditions;
9.d Regulate and manage collection of biological resources from natural habitats for ex-situ conservation purposes so as not to threaten ecosystems and in-situ populations of species, except where special temporary ex-si tu measures are required under subparagraph (c) above;
9.e Cooperate in providing financial and other support for ex-situ conservation outlined in subparagraphs (a) to (d) above and in the establishment and maintenance of ex-situ conservation facilities in developing countries.
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.b Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity;
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.c Protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements;
15.1 Recognizing the sovereign rights of States over their natural resources, the authority to determine access to genetic resources rests with the national governments and is subject to national legislation.
15.2 Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to create renditions to facilitate access to genetic resources for environmentally sound uses by other Contracting Parties and not to impose restrictions that run counter to the objectives of this Convention.
15.3 For the purpose of this Convention, the genetic resources being provided by a Contracting Party, as referred to in this Article and Articles 16 and 19, are only those that are provided by Contracting Parties that are countries of origin of such resources or by the Parties that have acquired the genetic resources in accordance with this Convention.
15.4 Access, where granted, shall be on mutually agreed terms and subject to the provisions of this Article.
15.6 Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to develop and carry out scientific research based on genetic resources provided by other Contracting Parties with the full participation of, and where possible in such Contracting Parties.
15.7 Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, and in accordance with Articles 16 and 19 and, where necessary, through the financial mechanism established by Articles 20 and 21 with the aim of sharing in a fair and equitable way the results of research and development and the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources with the Contracting Party providing such resources. Such sharing shall be upon mutually agreed terms.
اتفاقية اﻷمم المتحدة لمكافحة التصحر 16 The Parties agree, according to their respective capabilities, to integrate and coordinate the collection, analysis and exchange of relevant short term and long term data and information to ensure systematic observation of land degradation in affected areas and to understand better and assess the processes and effects of drought and desertification. This would help accomplish, inter alia, early warning and advance planning for periods of adverse climatic variation in a form suited for practical application by users at all levels, including especially local populations. To this end, they shall, as appropriate:
16.g تتفق الأطراف، حسب قدرات كل منها، على أن تُدمج وتنسق جمع وحتليل وتبادل البيانات واملعلومات ذات الصلة، القصيرة الأجل والطويلة الأجل، لضمان املراقبة املنهجية لتردي الأراضي في املناطق املتأثرة والتوصل إلى فهم أفضل وتقدير لعمليات وآثار اجلفاف والتصحر. وهذا من شأنه أن يساعد، في جملة أمور، على حتقيق الإنذار املبكر والتخطيط املسبق لفترات التغير املناخي املعاكس وذلك بشكل مناسب للتطبيق العملي من جانب املستعملني على جميع املستويات، مبن فيهم على وجه اخلصوص السكان احملليون. ولهذه الغاية، تقوم الأطراف مبا يلي حسبما يكون مناسبا:
17.1 تتعهد الأطراف، حسب قدرات كل منها، بتعزيز التعاون التقني والعلمي في ميداني مكافحة التصحر وتخفيف آثار اجلفاف وذلك عن طريق املؤسسات املناسبة الوطنية ودون الاقليمية والاقليمية والدولية. ولهذه الغاية، تدعم الأطراف أنشطة البحوث التي:
17.1.c حتمي وتدمج وتعزز وتثبت املعارف والدراية العملية واملمارسات التقليدية واحمللية بحيث تضمن، رهنا بالتشريعات و/أو ُتفق عليها بصورة متبادلة، أصحاب تلك املعارف السياسات الوطنية لكل منها، أن يستفيد، على أساس منصف وبشروط ي استفادة مباشرة من أي استخدام جتاري لها أو من أي تطوير تكنولوجي مستمد من تلك املعارف؛
18.2 على الأطراف، حسب قدرات كل منها، ورهنا بتشريعاتها و/أو سياساتها الوطنية اخملتلفة، أن حتمي وتشجع وتستخدم بصفة خاصة التكنولوجيا واملعارف والدراية العملية واملمارسات التقليدية واحمللية ذات الصلة، ولهذه الغاية تتعهد مبا يلي:
18.2.b أن تكفل حماية هذه التكنولوجيات واملعارف والدراية العملية واملمارسات على نحو ملائم وتكفل استفادة السكان احملليني ُتفق عليه بصورة متبادلة، من أي استخدام جتاري لها أو من أي تطوير بصورة مباشرة، على أساس منصف وعلى النحو الذي ي تكنولوجي مستمد منها؛