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الأهداف المقاصد الآليات وصف المقال
صحة جيدة ورفاه

3. صحة جيدة ورفاه

 3.9

الحد بدرجة كبيرة من عدد الوفيات والأمراض الناجمة عن التعرّض للمواد الكيميائية الخطرة وتلويث وتلوّث الهواء والماء والتربة بحلول عام 2030.

Indicators (ar)
  • 3.9.2
    Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services), Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, معدل الوفيات المنسوب إلى الأسر المعيشية وتلوث الهواء المحيط.
  • 3.9.3
    Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services), Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, معدل الوفيات المنسوب إلى الأسر المعيشية وتلوث الهواء المحيط.
  • 3.9.1
    Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services), Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, معدل الوفيات المنسوب إلى الأسر المعيشية وتلوث الهواء المحيط.
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
1
The objective of the present Agreement is to guarantee the full and effective implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of the rights of access to environmental information, public participation in the environmental decision-making process and access to justice in environmental matters, and the creation and strengthening of capacities and cooperation, contributing to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in a healthy environment and to sustainable development.
4.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement.
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
7.1
Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5
The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.6.b
the authority responsible for making the decision and other authorities and bodies involved;
7.6.d
the public authorities involved from which additional information on the environmental decision under consideration can be requested and the procedure for requesting information.
7.6.c
the procedure foreseen for the participation of the public, including the date on which the procedure will begin and end, mechanisms for participation and, where applicable, the date and place of any public consultation or hearing; and
7.10
Each Party shall establish conditions that are favourable to public participation in environmental decision-making processes and that are adapted to the social, economic, cultural, geographical and gender characteristics of the public.
7.9
The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.11
When the primary language of the directly affected public is different to the official languages, the public authority shall ensure that means are provided to facilitate their understanding and participation.
7.13
Each Party shall encourage the establishment of appropriate spaces for consultation on environmental matters or the use of those that are already in existence in which various groups and sectors are able to participate. Each Party shall promote regard for local knowledge, dialogue and interaction of different views and knowledge, where appropriate.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
7.17.b
a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact;
7.17.a
a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity;
7.17.c
a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts;
7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.a
the type or nature of the environmental decision under consideration and, where appropriate, in non-technical language;
7.7
The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.8
Each Party shall ensure that, once a decision has been made, the public is informed in a timely manner thereof and of the grounds and reasons underlying the decision, including how the observations of the public have been taken into consideration. The decision and its basis shall be made public and be accessible.
7.15
In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed.
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
7.16
The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation.
7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.d
a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language;
7.17.e
the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration;
7.17.z
The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
7.17.f
a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17.g
actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.2.c
any other decision, action or omission that affects or could affect the environment adversely or violate laws and regulations related to the environment.
8.2.a
any decision, action or omission related to the access to environmental information;
8.2.b
any decision, action or omission related to public participation in the decision-making process regarding environmental matters;
8.3.a
competent State entities with access to expertise in environmental matters;
8.3.g
mechanisms for redress, where applicable, such as restitution to the condition prior to the damage, restoration, compensation or payment of a financial penalty, satisfaction, guarantees of non-repetition, assistance for affected persons and financial instruments to support redress.
8.3.e
measures to facilitate the production of evidence of environmental damage, when appropriate and as applicable, such as the reversal of the burden of proof and the dynamic burden of proof;
8.3.b
effective, timely, public, transparent and impartial procedures that are not prohibitively expensive;
8.3.f
mechanisms to execute and enforce judicial and administrative decisions in a timely manner; and
8.3.c
broad active legal standing in defence of the environment, in accordance with domestic legislation;
8.3.d
the possibility of ordering precautionary and interim measures, inter alia, to prevent, halt, mitigate or rehabilitate damage to the environment;
European Social Charter
European Social Charter (Revised)
Part II
The Parties undertake, as provided for in Part III, to consider themselves bound by the obligations laid down in the following articles and paragraphs.
Part#II.7
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of children and young persons to protection, the Parties undertake:
Part#I.3
All workers have the right to safe and healthy working conditions.
Part#II.3
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to safe and healthy working conditions, the Parties undertake, in consultation with employers' and workers' organisations:
Part#II.3.1
to formulate, implement and periodically review a coherent national policy on occupational safety, occupational health and the working environment. The primary aim of this policy shall be to improve occupational safety and health and to prevent accidents and injury to health arising out of, linked with or occurring in the course of work, particularly by minimising the causes of hazards inherent in the working environment;
Part#II.7.10
to ensure special protection against physical and moral dangers to which children and young persons are exposed, and particularly against those resulting directly or indirectly from their work.
Part#II.11
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to protection of health, the Parties undertake, either directly or in cooperation with public or private organisations, to take appropriate measures designed inter alia:
Part#II.11.1
to remove as far as possible the causes of ill-health;
Part#II.11.3
to prevent as far as possible epidemic, endemic and other diseases, as well as accidents.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
I
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.
XI
Every person has the right to the preservation of his health through sanitary and social measures relating to food, clothing, housing and medical care, to the extent permitted by public and community resources
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
7
The States Parties to this Protocol recognize that the right to work to which the foregoing article refers presupposes that everyone shall enjoy that right under just, equitable, and satisfactory conditions, which the States Parties undertake to guarantee in their internal legislation, particularly with respect to:
10.1
Everyone shall have the right to health, understood to mean the enjoyment of the highest level of physical, mental and social well-being.
7.e
Safety and hygiene at work;
7.f
The prohibition of night work or unhealthy or dangerous working conditions and, in general, of all work which jeopardizes health, safety, or morals, for persons under 18 years of age. As regards minors under the age of 16, the work day shall be subordinated to the provisions regarding compulsory education and in no case shall work constitute an impediment to school attendance or a limitation on benefiting from education received;
10.2
In order to ensure the exercise of the right to health, the States Parties agree to recognize health as a public good and, particularly, to adopt the following measures to ensure that right:
11.1
Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services.
10.2.d
Prevention and treatment of endemic, occupational and other diseases;
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
4
Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others:
4.a
The right to have her life respected;
الميثاق الأفريقي لحقوق الإنسان والشعوب
الميثاق الأفريقي لحقوق الإنسان والشعوب
16.1
Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health.
4
Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
16.2
States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick.
الميثاق الأفريقي بشأن حقوق ورفاهية الطفل
الميثاق الأفريقي بشأن حقوق ورفاهية الطفل
14.1
Every child shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical, mental and spiritual health.
14.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures:
14.2.c
to ensure the provision of adequate nutrition and safe drinking water;
15.1
Every child shall be protected from all forms of economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development.
بروتوكول الميثاق الأفريقي لحقوق الإنسان والشعوب بشأن حقوق المرأة
بروتوكول الميثاق الأفريقي لحقوق الإنسان والشعوب بشأن حقوق المرأة
18.1
Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment.
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.d
regulate the management, processing, storage and disposal of domestic waste;
18.2.e
ensure that proper standards are followed for the storage, transportation and disposal of toxic waste.
اتفاقية بازل بشأن التحكم في نقل النفايات الخطرة والتخلص منها عبر الحدود
اتفاقية بازل بشأن التحكم في نقل النفايات الخطرة والتخلص منها عبر الحدود
4.2.d
ضامن خفض نقل النفايات الخطرة والنفايات األخرى عرب الحدود إىل الحد األدىن مبا
يتفق مع اإلدارة السليمة بيئياً والفعالة لهذه النفايات، وأن يجري النقل بطريقة توفر الحامية
للبيئة والصحة البرشية من اآلثار الضارة التي قد تنجم عن هذا النقل
4.11
ليس يف هذه االتفاقية ما مينع طرفاً متعاقداً من فرض رشوط إضافية تتامىش مع أحكام
هذه االتفاقية، وتتفق مع قواعد القانون الدويل، من أجل حامية الصحة البرشية والبيئة عىل نحو
أفضل.
13.3.d
معلومات عن إحصائيات محددة متاحة قامت بجمعها عن آثار توليد النفايات
الخطرة أو النفايات األخرى ونقلها والتخلص منها عىل الصحة البرشية والبيئة؛
4.2.c
ضامن أن يتخذ األشخاص املشرتكون يف إدارة النفايات الخطرة والنفايات األخرى
داخله الخطوات الرضورية ملنع التلوث من النفايات الخطرة والنفايات األخرى الناجم عن تلك
اإلدارة، وخفض آثار ذلك التلوث عىل الصحة البرشية والبيئة إىل أدىن حد؛
13.3
تحيل األطراف عن طريق األمانة، وفقاً للقوانني واألنظمة الوطنية، إىل مؤمتر األطراف
املنشأ مبقتىض املادة 15 ، قبل نهاية كل عام تقوميي، تقريراً عن العام التقوميي السابق يتضمن
املعلومات التالية:
13.1
تقوم األطراف، يف حالة وقوع حوادث أثناء نقل النفايات الخطرة والنفايات األخرى أو التخلص منها عرب الحدود، والتي يحتمل أن تشكل مخاطر عىل الصحة البرشية والبيئة يف دول أخرى، بضامن إبالغ تلك الدول فوراً متى منى ذلك إىل علمها.
4.2.f
اشرتاط أن تقدم املعلومات املتعلقة بالنقل املقرتح للنفايات الخطرة والنفايات األخرى
عرب الحدود إىل الدول املعنية، وفقاً للمرفق الخامس ألف، كيام يتسنى لها أن تحدد بوضوح ما
للنقل املقرتح من آثار عىل الصحة البرشية والبيئة؛
4.2
يتخذ كل طرف التدابري الالزمة بُغية:
10.2.b
تتعاون يف رصد آثار إدارة النفايات الخطرة عىل الصحة البرشية والبيئة؛
Aarhus Convention
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
5.1.a
Public authorities possess and update environmental information which is relevant to their functions;
5.7.c
Provide in an appropriate form information on the performance of public functions or the provision of public services relating to the environment by government at all levels.
DEVAW
إعلان بشأن القضاء على العنف ضد المرأة
3-(أ)
الحق في الحياة،
UDHR
الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان
3
لكل فرد الحق في الحياة والحرية وسلامة شخصه.
19
لكل شخص الحق في حرية الرأي والتعبير، ويشمل هذا الحق حرية اعتناق الآراء دون أي تدخل، واستقاء الأنباء والأفكار وتلقيها وإذاعتها بأية وسيلة كانت دون تقيد بالحدود الجغرافية.
ICCPR
العهد الدولي الخاص بالحقوق المدنية والسياسية
6.1
الحق في الحياة حق ملازم لكل إنسان. وعلى القانون أن يحمى هذا الحق. ولا يجوز حرمان أحد من حياته تعسفا.
19.2
لكل إنسان حق في حرية التعبير. ويشمل هذا الحق حريته في التماس مختلف ضروب المعلومات والأفكار وتلقيها ونقلها إلى آخرين دونما اعتبار للحدود، سواء على شكل مكتوب أو مطبوع أو في قالب فني أو بأية وسيلة أخرى يختارها.
ICESCR
العهد الدولي الخاص بالحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية
12.1
تقر الدول الأطراف في هذا العهد بحق كل إنسان في التمتع بأعلى مستوى من الصحة الجسمية والعقلية يمكن بلوغه.
12-2-(ب)
تحسين جميع جوانب الصحة البيئية والصناعية،
UNDRIP
إعلان الأمم المتحدة بشأن حقوق الشعوب الأصلية
7.1
لأفراد الشعوب الأصلية الحق في الحياة والسلامة البدنية والعقلية والحرية والأمان الشخصي.
29.2
على الدول أن تتخذ تدابير فعالة لضمان عدم تخزين مواد خطرة أو التخلص منها في أراضي الشعوب الأصلية أو أقاليمها، دون موافقتها الحرة والمسبقة والمستنيرة.
29.3
على الدول أيضا أن تتخذ تدابير فعالة لكي تكفل، عند الضرورة، حسن تنفيذ البرامج المتعلقة برصد صحة الشعوب الأصلية وحفظها ومعالجتها، حسبما تعدها وتنفذها الشعوب المتضررة من هذه المواد.
ICRMW
الاتفاقية الدولية لحماية حقوق جميع العمال المهاجرين وأفراد أسرهم
9
يحمي القانون حق الحياة للعمال المهاجرين وأفراد أسرهم.
CRPD
اتفاقية حقوق الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة
10
تؤكد الدول الأطراف من جديد أن لكل إنسان الحق الأصيل في الحياة وتتخذ جميع التدابير الضرورية لضمان تمتع الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة فعليا بهذا الحق على قدم المساواة مع الآخرين.
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