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Goal Target Instrument Article / Description

Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

 16.10

Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements.

Indicators
16.10.1
Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months
16.10.2
Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information
 ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
2
Where the exercise of any of the rights or freedoms referred to in Article 1 is not already ensured by legislative or other provisions, the States Parties undertake to adopt, in accordance with their constitutional processes and the provisions of this Convention, such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to those rights or freedoms.
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
13.1
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and expression. This right includes freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing, in print, in the form of art, or through any other medium of one's choice.
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
The entire convention is relevant
The Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) is relevant to this Target in its entirety
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
4
Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
5
Every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman of degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.
6
Every individual shall have the right to liberty and to the security of his person. No one may be deprived of his freedom except for reasons and conditions previously laid down by law. In particular, no one may be arbitrarily arrested or detained.
9.1
Every individual shall have the right to receive information.
9.2
Every individual shall have the right to express and disseminate his opinions within the law.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
7
Every child who is capable of communicating his or her own views shall be assured the rights to express his opinions freely in all matters and to disseminate his opinions subject to such restrictions as are prescribed by laws.
9.1
Every child shall have the right to freedom of thought conscience and religion.
10
No child shall be subject to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family home or correspondence, or to the attacks upon his honour or reputation, provided that parents or legal guardians shall have the right to exercise reasonable supervision over the conduct of their children. The child has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
16.2

End abuse, exploitations, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children.

Indicators
16.2.1
Percentage of children aged 1-17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month
16.2.2
Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age group and form of exploitation
16.2.3
Proportion of young women and men aged 18-29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18
 UNDHRD
Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
12.2
The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the present Declaration
UDHR
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
ICCPR
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
7
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.
8.1
No one shall be held in slavery; slavery and the slave-trade in all their forms shall be prohibited.
8.2
No one shall be held in servitude.
8.3.a
No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour;
9.1
Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law.
ICESCR
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
10 The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that:
10.3
Special measures of protection and assistance should be taken on behalf of all children and young persons without any discrimination for reasons of parentage or other conditions. Children and young persons should be protected from economic and social exploitation. Their employment in work harmful to their morals or health or dangerous to life or likely to hamper their normal development should be punishable by law. States should also set age limits below which the paid employment of child labour should be prohibited and punishable by law.
ICERD
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
5 In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights:
5.b
The right to security of person and protection by the State against violence or bodily harm, whether inflicted by government officials or by any individual group or institution;
CRC
Convention on the Rights of the Child
19.1
States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child.
19.2
Such protective measures should, as appropriate, include effective procedures for the establishment of social programmes to provide necessary support for the child and for those who have the care of the child, as well as for other forms of prevention and for identification, reporting, referral, investigation, treatment and follow-up of instances of child maltreatment described heretofore, and, as appropriate, for judicial involvement.
20.1
A child temporarily or permanently deprived of his or her family environment, or in whose own best interests cannot be allowed to remain in that environment, shall be entitled to special protection and assistance provided by the State.
33
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures, including legislative, administrative, social and educational measures, to protect children from the illicit use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as defined in the relevant international treaties, and to prevent the use of children in the illicit production and trafficking of such substances.
34 States Parties undertake to protect the child from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. For these purposes, States Parties shall in particular take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent:
34.a
The inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any unlawful sexual activity;
34 States Parties undertake to protect the child from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. For these purposes, States Parties shall in particular take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent:
34.b
The exploitative use of children in prostitution or other unlawful sexual practices;
34 States Parties undertake to protect the child from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. For these purposes, States Parties shall in particular take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent:
34.c
The exploitative use of children in pornographic performances and materials.
35
States Parties shall take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form.
36
States Parties shall protect the child against all other forms of exploitation prejudicial to any aspects of the child's welfare.
CEDAW
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
6
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to suppress all forms of traffic in women and exploitation of prostitution of women.
CRPD
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
15.1
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his or her free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.
16.1
States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social, educational and other measures to protect persons with disabilities, both within and outside the home, from all forms of exploitation, violence and abuse, including their gender-based aspects.
16.2
States Parties shall also take all appropriate measures to prevent all forms of exploitation, violence and abuse by ensuring, inter alia, appropriate forms of gender- and age-sensitive assistance and support for persons with disabilities and their families and caregivers, including through the provision of information and education on how to avoid, recognize and report instances of exploitation, violence and abuse. States Parties shall ensure that protection services are age-, gender- and disability-sensitive.
16.3
In order to prevent the occurrence of all forms of exploitation, violence and abuse, States Parties shall ensure that all facilities and programmes designed to serve persons with disabilities are effectively monitored by independent authorities.
27.2
States Parties shall ensure that persons with disabilities are not held in slavery or in servitude, and are protected, on an equal basis with others, from forced or compulsory labour.
CAT
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Comment 1
The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment is relevant in its entirety.
ICRMW
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
10
No migrant worker or member of his or her family shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
11.1
No migrant worker or member of his or her family shall be held in slavery or servitude.
11.2
No migrant worker or member of his or her family shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
16.1
Migrant workers and members of their families shall have the right to liberty and security of person.
16.2
Migrant workers and members of their families shall be entitled to effective protection by the State against violence, physical injury, threats and intimidation, whether by public officials or by private individuals, groups or institutions.
UNDRIP
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
7.1
Indigenous individuals have the rights to life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and security of person.
7.2
Indigenous peoples have the collective right to live in freedom, peace and security as distinct peoples and shall not be subjected to any act of genocide or any other act of violence, including forcibly removing children of the group to another group.
17.2
States shall in consultation and cooperation with indigenous peoples take specific measures to protect indigenous children from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development, taking into account their special vulnerability and the importance of education for their empowerment.
22.2
States shall take measures, in conjunction with indigenous peoples, to ensure that indigenous women and children enjoy the full protection and guarantees against all forms of violence and discrimination.
CTOC
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
Comment 1
The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. The Convention is further supplemented by three Protocols, inter alia the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.
ILO Protocol 29
Protocol of 2014 to the ILO Convention 29
ILO Protocol 29
The 2014 Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention addresses gaps in implementation of the Forced Labour Convention, and reaffirms that measures of prevention, protection, and remedies, such as compensation and rehabilitation, are necessary to achieve the effective and sustained suppression of forced or compulsory labour, including in its contemporary forms.
ILO 29
Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)
ILO 29
ILO Convention No. 29 is a fundamental Convention that requires ratifying states to suppress the use of forced or compulsory labour in all its forms within the shortest possible period.
ILO Rec 86
Migration for Employment Recommendation (revised), 1949 (No. 86)
ILO Rec 86
The Migration for Employment Recommendation (No. 86) supplements the Migration for Employment Convention (No. 97). The Recommendation (No. 86) focuses on information and assistance to migrants; recruitment and selection; equality of treatment in access to employment and supervision of conditions of employment. In addition, provisions aimed at protecting migrant workers against expulsion on account of their lack of means or the state of the employment market is also recommended.
ILO 97
Migration for Employment Convention (revised), 1949 (No. 97)
ILO 97
The Migration for Employment Convention (No. 97) requires ratifying states to facilitate international migration for employment by establishing and maintaining a free assistance and information service for migrant workers and taking measures against misleading propaganda relating to emigration and immigration. Includes provisions on appropriate medical services for migrant workers and the transfer of earnings and savings. States have to apply treatment no less favourable that that which applies to their own nationals in respect to a number of matters, including conditions of employment, freedom of association and social security.
ILO 105
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105)
ILO 105
This fundamental ILO Convention requires ratifying states to take effective measures to secure the immediate and complete abolition of forced or compulsory labour.
ILO 143
Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143)
ILO 143
The Migrant Workers Convention (No. 143) provides for measures to combat clandestine and illegal migration while at the same time setting forth the general obligation to respect the basic human rights of all migrant workers. It also extends the scope of equality between legally resident migrant workers and national workers beyond the provisions of the 1949 Convention to ensure equality of opportunity and treatment in respect of employment and occupation, social security, trade union and cultural rights, and individual and collective freedoms for persons who as migrant workers or as members of their families are lawfully within a ratifying state's territory. Calls upon ratifying states to facilitate the reunification of families of migrant workers legally residing in their territory.
ILO Rec 151
Migrant Workers Recommendation, 1975 (No. 151)
ILO Rec 151
The Migrant Workers Recommendation (No. 151) recommends a series of measures intended to supplement the provisions of the Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention (No. 143). The Recommendation (No. 86) focuses on equality of opportunity and treatment; social policy, hereunder reunification of families; protection of health of migrant workers and social services and employment and residence.
ILO 181
Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No. 181)
ILO 181
This ILO Convention concerns the operation of private employment agencies as well as the protection of the workers using their services.
ILO 182
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)
ILO 182
This fundamental ILO Convention requires states to eliminate the worst forms of child labour; to provide direct assistance for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and for their rehabilitation and social integration.
ILO Rec 203
Forced Labour (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation, 2014 (No. 203)
ILO Rec 203
This recommendation recommends ILO member states to establish or strengthen: a) national policies and plans of action with time-bound measures using a gender- and child-sensitive approach to achieve the effective and sustained suppression of forced or compulsory labour in all its forms through prevention, protection and access to remedies, such as compensation of victims, and the sanctioning of perpetrators; and b) competent authorities such as the labour inspectorates, the judiciary and national bodies or other institutional mechanisms that are concerned with forced or compulsory labour, to ensure the development, coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the national policies and plans of action.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
3
No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
4.1
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.
4.2
No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
ECHR Protocol No. 4
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1
No one shall be deprived of his liberty merely on the ground of inability to fulfil a contractual obligation.
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
6.2
The Parties undertake to take appropriate measures to protect persons who may be subject to threats or acts of discrimination, hostility or violence as a result of their ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious identity.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
I
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
6.1
No one shall be subject to slavery or to involuntary servitude, which are prohibited in all their forms, as are the slave trade and traffic in women.
6.2
No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labor. This provision shall not be interpreted to mean that, in those countries in which the penalty established for certain crimes is deprivation of liberty at forced labor, the carrying out of such a sentence imposed by a competent court is prohibited. Forced labor shall not adversely affect the dignity or the physical or intellectual capacity of the prisoner.
19
Every minor child has the right to the measures of protection required by his condition as a minor on the part of his family, society, and the state.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
7
The States Parties to this Protocol recognize that the right to work to which the foregoing article refers presupposes that everyone shall enjoy that right under just, equitable, and satisfactory conditions, which the States Parties undertake to guarantee in their internal legislation, particularly with respect to:
7.f
The prohibition of night work or unhealthy or dangerous working conditions and, in general, of all work which jeopardizes health, safety, or morals, for persons under 18 years of age. As regards minors under the age of 16, the work day shall be subordinated to the provisions regarding compulsory education and in no case shall work constitute an impediment to school attendance or a limitation on benefiting from education received;
16
Every child, whatever his parentage, has the right to the protection that his status as a minor requires from his family, society and the State. Every child has the right to grow under the protection and responsibility of his parents; save in exceptional, judicially-recognized circumstances, a child of young age ought not to be separated from his mother. Every child has the right to free and compulsory education, at least in the elementary phase, and to continue his training at higher levels of the educational system.
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
4
Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others:
4.a
The right to have her life respected;
4.b
The right to have her physical, mental and moral integrity respected;
4.e
The rights to have the inherent dignity of her person respected and her family protected;
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
4
Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
5
Every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman of degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.
18.3
The State shall ensure the elimination of every discrimination against women and also censure the protection of the rights of the woman and the child as stipulated in international declarations and conventions.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
16.1
State Parties to the present Charter shall take specific legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment and especially physical or mental injury or abuse, neglect or maltreatment including sexual abuse, while in the care of the child.
16.2
Protective measures under this Article shall include effective procedures for the establishment of special monitoring units to provide necessary support for the child and for those who have the care of the child, as well as other forms of prevention and for identification, reporting referral investigation, treatment, and follow-up of instances of child abuse and neglect.
25.1
Any child who is permanently or temporarily deprived of his family environment for any reason shall be entitled to special protection and assistance.
27.1
State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to protect the child from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse and shall in particular take measures to prevent:
27.1.a
the inducement, coercion or encouragement of a child to engage in any sexual activity;
27.1.b
the use of children in prostitution or other sexual practices;
27.1.c
the use of children in pornographic activities, performances and materials.
28
State Parties to the present Charter shall take all appropriate measures to protect the child from the use of narcotics and illicit use of psychotropic substances as defined in the relevant international treaties, and to prevent the use of children in the production and trafficking of such substances.
29.1
State Parties to the present Charter shall take appropriate measures to prevent:
29.1.a
the abduction, sale of, or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form, by any person including parents or legal guardians of the child;
29.1.b
the use of children in all forms of begging.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
4.1
Every woman shall be entitled to respect for her life and the integrity and security of her person. All forms of exploitation, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.
4.2.a
enact and enforce laws to prohibit all forms of violence against women including unwanted or forced sex whether the violence takes place in private or public;
4.2.b
adopt such other legislative, administrative, social and economic measures as may be necessary to ensure the prevention, punishment and eradication of all forms of violence against women;
4.2.c
identify the causes and consequences of violence against women and take appropriate measures to prevent and eliminate such violence;
4.2.d
actively promote peace education through curricula and social communication in order to eradicate elements in traditional and cultural beliefs, practices and stereotypes which legitimise and exacerbate the persistence and tolerance of violence against women;
4.2.e
punish the perpetrators of violence against women and implement programmes for the rehabilitation of women victims;
4.2.f
establish mechanisms and accessible services for effective information, rehabilitation and reparation for victims of violence against women;
4.2.g
prevent and condemn trafficking in women, prosecute the perpetrators of such trafficking and protect those women most at risk;
4.2.i
provide adequate budgetary and other resources for the implementation and monitoring of actions aimed at preventing and eradicating violence against women;
16.3

Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all.

Indicators
16.3.2
Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population
16.3.1
Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms
16.3.3
Proportion of the population who have experienced a dispute in the past two years and who accessed a formal or informal dispute resolution mechanism, by type of mechanism
 UNDHRD
Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
2.1
Each State has a prime responsibility and duty to protect, promote and implement all human rights and fundamental freedoms, inter alia, by adopting such steps as may be necessary to create all conditions necessary in the social, economic, political and other fields, as well as the legal guarantees required to ensure that all persons under its jurisdiction, individually and in association with others, are able to enjoy all those rights and freedoms in practice
2.1 Each State has a prime responsibility and duty to protect, promote and implement all human rights and fundamental freedoms, inter alia, by adopting such steps as may be necessary to create all conditions necessary in the social, economic, political and other fields, as well as the legal guarantees required to ensure that all persons under its jurisdiction, individually and in association with others, are able to enjoy all those rights and freedoms in practice
2.2
Each State shall adopt such legislative, administrative and other steps as may be necessary to ensure that the rights and freedoms referred to in the present Declaration are effectively guaranteed
3
Domestic law consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and other international obligations of the State in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms is the juridical framework within which human rights and fundamental freedoms should be implemented and enjoyed and within which all activities referred to in the present Declaration for the promotion, protection and effective realization of those rights and freedoms should be conducted
9.1
In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.2
To this end, everyone whose rights or freedoms are allegedly violated has the right, either in person or through legally authorized representation, to complain to and have that complaint promptly reviewed in a public hearing before an independent, impartial and competent judicial or other authority established by law and to obtain from such an authority a decision, in accordance with law, providing redress, including any compensation due, where there has been a violation of that person’s rights or freedoms, as well as enforcement of the eventual decision and award, all without undue delay
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.3 To the same end, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, inter alia:
9.3.a
To complain about the policies and actions of individual officials and governmental bodies with regard to violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, by petition or other appropriate means, to competent domestic judicial, administrative or legislative authorities or any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, which should render their decision on the complaint without undue delay
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.3 To the same end, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, inter alia:
9.3.b
To attend public hearings, proceedings and trials so as to form an opinion on their compliance with national law and applicable international obligations and commitments
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.3 To the same end, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, inter alia:
9.3.c
To offer and provide professionally qualified legal assistance or other relevant advice and assistance in defending human rights and fundamental freedoms
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.5
The State shall conduct a prompt and impartial investigation or ensure that an inquiry takes place whenever there is reasonable ground to believe that a violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms has occurred in any territory under its jurisdiction
10
No one shall participate, by act or by failure to act where required, in violating human rights and fundamental freedoms and no one shall be subjected to punishment or adverse action of any kind for refusing to do so
11
Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to the lawful exercise of his or her occupation or profession. Everyone who, as a result of his or her profession, can affect the human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms of others should respect those rights and freedoms and comply with relevant national and international standards of occupational and professional conduct or ethics
12.1 Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms
12.3
In this connection, everyone is entitled, individually and in association with others, to be protected effectively under national law in reacting against or opposing, through peaceful means, activities and acts, including those by omission, attributable to States that result in violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as acts of violence perpetrated by groups or individuals that affect the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms
15
The State has the responsibility to promote and facilitate the teaching of human rights and fundamental freedoms at all levels of education and to ensure that all those responsible for training lawyers, law enforcement officers, the personnel of the armed forces and public officials include appropriate elements of human rights teaching in their training programme
17
In the exercise of the rights and freedoms referred to in the present Declaration, everyone, acting individually and in association with others, shall be subject only to such limitations as are in accordance with applicable international obligations and are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society
18.2
Individuals, groups, institutions and non-governmental organizations have an important role to play and a responsibility in safeguarding democracy, promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms and contributing to the promotion and advancement of democratic societies, institutions and processes
UDHR
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
ICCPR
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2.3 Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:
2.3.a
To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity;
2.3 Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:
2.3.b
To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;
2.3 Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:
2.3.c
To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted.
14.1
All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order (ordre public) or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children.
14.2
Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
14.3 In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
14.3.a
To be informed promptly and in detail in a language which he understands of the nature and cause of the charge against him;
14.3 In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
14.3.b
To have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence and to communicate with counsel of his own choosing;
14.3 In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
14.3.c
To be tried without undue delay;
14.3 In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
14.3.d
To be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it;
14.3 In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
14.3.e
To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
14.3 In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
14.3.f
To have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court;
14.3 In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
14.3.g
Not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.
14.4
In the case of juvenile persons, the procedure shall be such as will take account of their age and the desirability of promoting their rehabilitation.
14.5
Everyone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and sentence being reviewed by a higher tribunal according to law.
14.6
When a person has by a final decision been convicted of a criminal offence and when subsequently his conviction has been reversed or he has been pardoned on the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there has been a miscarriage of justice, the person who has suffered punishment as a result of such conviction shall be compensated according to law, unless it is proved that the non-disclosure of the unknown fact in time is wholly or partly attributable to him.
14.7
No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again for an offence for which he has already been finally convicted or acquitted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of each country.
16
Everyone shall have the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
ICERD
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
5 In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights:
5.A
The right to equal treatment before the tribunals and all other organs administering justice;
6
States Parties shall assure to everyone within their jurisdiction effective protection and remedies, through the competent national tribunals and other State institutions, against any acts of racial discrimination which violate his human rights and fundamental freedoms contrary to this Convention, as well as the right to seek from such tribunals just and adequate reparation or satisfaction for any damage suffered as a result of such discrimination.
CRC
Convention on the Rights of the Child
12.2
For this purpose, the child shall in particular be provided the opportunity to be heard in any judicial and administrative proceedings affecting the child, either directly, or through a representative or an appropriate body, in a manner consistent with the procedural rules of national law.
CEDAW
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
15.1
States Parties shall accord to women equality with men before the law.
15.2
States Parties shall accord to women, in civil matters, a legal capacity identical to that of men and the same opportunities to exercise that capacity. In particular, they shall give women equal rights to conclude contracts and to administer property and shall treat them equally in all stages of procedure in courts and tribunals.
CRPD
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
13.1
States Parties shall ensure effective access to justice for persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others, including through the provision of procedural and age-appropriate accommodations, in order to facilitate their effective role as direct and indirect participants, including as witnesses, in all legal proceedings, including at investigative and other preliminary stages.
13.2
In order to help to ensure effective access to justice for persons with disabilities, States Parties shall promote appropriate training for those working in the field of administration of justice, including police and prison staff.
Aarhus Convention
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
1
In order to contribute to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in an environment adequate to his or her health and well-being, each Party shall guarantee the rights of access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.
3.1
Each Party shall take the necessary legislative, regulatory and other measures, including measures to achieve compatibility between the provisions implementing the information, public participation and access-to-justice provisions in this Convention, as well as proper enforcement measures, to establish and maintain a clear, transparent and consistent framework to implement the provisions of this Convention.
3.2
Each Party shall endeavour to ensure that officials and authorities assist and provide guidance to the public in seeking access to information, in facilitating participation in decision-making and in seeking access to justice in environmental matters.
3.3
Each Party shall promote environmental education and environmental awareness among the public, especially on how to obtain access to information, to participate in decision-making and to obtain access to justice in environmental matters.
3.5
The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the right of a Party to maintain or introduce measures providing for broader access to information, more extensive public participation in decision-making and wider access to justice in environmental matters than required by this Convention.
3.6
This Convention shall not require any derogation from existing rights of access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters.
3.9
Within the scope of the relevant provisions of this Convention, the public shall have access to information, have the possibility to participate in decision-making and have access to justice in environmental matters without discrimination as to citizenship, nationality or domicile and, in the case of a legal person, without discrimination as to where it has its registered seat or an effective centre of its activities.
6.11
Each Party shall, within the framework of its national law, apply, to the extent feasible and appropriate, provisions of this article to decisions on whether to permit the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms into the environment.
8.b
Draft rules should be published or otherwise made publicly available; and
9.2
Each Party shall, within the framework of its national legislation, ensure that members of the public concerned
9.2.a
Having a sufficient interest or, alternatively,
9.3
In addition and without prejudice to the review procedures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 above, each Party shall ensure that, where they meet the criteria, if any, laid down in its national law, members of the public have access to administrative or judicial procedures to challenge acts and omissions by private persons and public authorities which contravene provisions of its national law relating to the environment.
10.1
The first meeting of the Parties shall be convened no later than one year after the date of the entry into force of this Convention. Thereafter, an ordinary meeting of the Parties shall be held at least once every two years, unless otherwise decided by the Parties, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to all Parties by the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe, the said request is supported by at least one third of the Parties.
Kiev Protocol
Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention
14.1
Each Party shall, within the framework of its national legislation, ensure that any person who considers that his or her request for information under article 11, paragraph 2, has been ignored, wrongfully refused, whether in part or in full, inadequately answered, or otherwise no t dealt with in accordance with the provisions of that paragraph has access to a review procedure before a court of law or another independent and impartial body established by law.
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
5.18
Each Party shall establish or designate one or more impartial entities or institutions with autonomy and independence to promote transparency in access to environmental information, to oversee compliance with rules, and monitor, report on and guarantee the right of access to information. Each Party may consider including or strengthening, as appropriate, sanctioning powers within the scope of the responsibilities of the aforementioned entities or institutions.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
8.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the guarantees of due process.
8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2 Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.a
any decision, action or omission related to the access to environmental information;
8.2 Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.b
any decision, action or omission related to public participation in the decision-making process regarding environmental matters;
8.2 Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.c
any other decision, action or omission that affects or could affect the environment adversely or violate laws and regulations related to the environment.
8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.a
competent State entities with access to expertise in environmental matters;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.b
effective, timely, public, transparent and impartial procedures that are not prohibitively expensive;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.c
broad active legal standing in defence of the environment, in accordance with domestic legislation;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.d
the possibility of ordering precautionary and interim measures, inter alia, to prevent, halt, mitigate or rehabilitate damage to the environment;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.e
measures to facilitate the production of evidence of environmental damage, when appropriate and as applicable, such as the reversal of the burden of proof and the dynamic burden of proof;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.f
mechanisms to execute and enforce judicial and administrative decisions in a timely manner; and
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.g
mechanisms for redress, where applicable, such as restitution to the condition prior to the damage, restoration, compensation or payment of a financial penalty, satisfaction, guarantees of non-repetition, assistance for affected persons and financial instruments to support redress.
8.4
To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4 To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.a
measures to minimize or eliminate barriers to the exercise of the right of access to justice;
8.4 To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.b
means to publicize the right of access to justice and the procedures to ensure its effectiveness;
8.4 To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.c
mechanisms to systematize and disseminate judicial and administrative decisions, as appropriate; and
8.4 To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.d
the use of interpretation or translation of languages other than the official languages when necessary for the exercise of that right.
8.5
In order to give effect to the right of access to justice, each Party shall meet the needs of persons or groups in vulnerable situations by establishing support mechanisms, including, as appropriate, free technical and legal assistance.
8.6
Each Party shall ensure that the judicial and administrative decisions adopted in environmental matters and their legal grounds are set out in writing
8.7
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in environmental matters, such as mediation, conciliation or other means that allow such disputes to be prevented or resolved.
9.1
Each Party shall guarantee a safe and enabling environment for persons, groups and organizations that promote and defend human rights in environmental matters, so that they are able to act free from threat, restriction and insecurity
9.2
Each Party shall take adequate and effective measures to recognize, protect and promote all the rights of human rights defenders in environmental matters, including their right to life, personal integrity, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association, and free movement, as well as their ability to exercise their access rights, taking into account its international obligations in the field of human rights, its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system.
9.3
Each Party shall also take appropriate, effective and timely measures to prevent, investigate and punish attacks, threats or intimidations that human rights defenders in environmental matters may suffer while exercising the rights set out in the present Agreement.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
5.1
Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law:
5.1.a
the lawful detention of a person after conviction by a competent court;
5.1.b
the lawful arrest or detention of a person for noncompliance with the lawful order of a court or in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation prescribed by law;
5.1.c
the lawful arrest or detention of a person effected for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority on reasonable suspicion of having committed an offence or when it is reasonably considered necessary to prevent his committing an offence or fleeing after having done so;
5.1.d
the detention of a minor by lawful order for the purpose of educational supervision or his lawful detention for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority;
5.1.e
the lawful detention of persons for the prevention of the spreading of infectious diseases, of persons of unsound mind, alcoholics or drug addicts or vagrants;
5.1.f
the lawful arrest or detention of a person to prevent his effecting an unauthorised entry into the country or of a person against whom action is being taken with a view to deportation or extradition.
5.2
Everyone who is arrested shall be informed promptly, in alanguage which he understands, of the reasons for his arrest and of any charge against him.
5.3
Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorised by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.
5.4
Everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful.
5.5
Everyone who has been the victim of arrest or detention in contravention of the provisions of this Article shall have an enforceable right to compensation.
6.1
In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interests of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice.
6.2
Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
6.3
Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:
6.3.a
to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him;
6.3.b
to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;
6.3.c
to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require;
6.3.d
to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
6.3.e
to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.
7.1
No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed.
13
Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in this Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.
ECHR Protocol No. 6
Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1
The death penalty shall be abolished. No one shall be condemned to such penalty or executed.
ECHR Protocol No. 7
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1.1
An alien lawfully resident in the territory of a State shall not be expelled therefrom except in pursuance of a decision reached in accordance with law and shall be allowed:
1.1.a
to submit reasons against his expulsion,
1.1.b
to have his case reviewed,
1.1.c
to be represented for these purposes before the competent authority or a person or persons designated by that authority.
1.2
An alien may be expelled before the exercise of his rights under paragraph 1.(a), (b) and (c) of this Article, when such expulsion is necessary in the interests of public order or is grounded on reasons of national security.
2.1
Everyone convicted of a criminal offence by a tribunal shall have the right to have his conviction or sentence reviewed by a higher tribunal. The exercise of this right, including the grounds on which it may be exercised, shall be governed by law.
2.2
This right may be subject to exceptions in regard to offences of a minor character, as prescribed by law, or in cases in which the person concerned was tried in the first instance by the highest tribunal or was convicted following an appeal against acquittal.
3
When a person has by a final decision been convicted of a criminal offence and when subsequently his conviction has been reversed, or he has been pardoned, on the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there has been a miscarriage of justice, the person who has suffered punishment as a result of such conviction shall be compensated according to the law or the practice of the State concerned, unless it is proved that the nondisclosure of the unknown fact in time is wholly or partly attributable to him.
4.1
No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again in criminal proceedings under the jurisdiction of the same State for an offence for which he has already been finally acquitted or convicted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of that State.
4.2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not prevent the reopening of the case in accordance with the law and penal procedure of the State concerned, if there is evidence of new or newly discovered facts, or if there has been a fundamental defect in the previous proceedings, which could affect the outcome of the case.
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
10.3
The Parties undertake to guarantee the right of every person belonging to a national minority to be informed promptly, in a language which he or she understands, of the reasons for his or her arrest, and of the nature and cause of any accusation against him or her, and to defend himself or herself in this language, if necessary with the free assistance of an interpreter.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
XVIII
Every person may resort to the courts to ensure respect for his legal rights. There should likewise be available to him a simple, brief procedure whereby the courts will protect him from acts of authority that, to his prejudice, violate any fundamental constitutional rights.
XXIV
Every person has the right to submit respectful petitions to any competent authority, for reasons of either general or private interest, and the right to obtain a prompt decision thereon.
XXV
No person may be deprived of his liberty except in the cases and according to the procedures established by pre-existing law. No person may be deprived of liberty for nonfulfillment of obligations of a purely civil character. Every individual who has been deprived of his liberty has the right to have the legality of his detention ascertained without delay by a court, and the right to be tried without undue delay or, otherwise, to be released. He also has the right to humane treatment during the time he is in custody.
XXVI
Every accused person is presumed to be innocent until proved guilty. Every person accused of an offense has the right to be given an impartial and public hearing, and to be tried by courts previously established in accordance with pre-existing laws, and not to receive cruel, infamous or unusual punishment.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
7.1
Every person has the right to personal liberty and security.
7.2
No one shall be deprived of his physical liberty except for the reasons and under the conditions established beforehand by the constitution of the State Party concerned or by a law established pursuant thereto.
7.3
No one shall be subject to arbitrary arrest or imprisonment.
7.4
Anyone who is detained shall be informed of the reasons for his detention and shall be promptly notified of the charge or charges against him.
7.5
Any person detained shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to be released without prejudice to the continuation of the proceedings. His release may be subject to guarantees to assure his appearance for trial.
7.6
Anyone who is deprived of his liberty shall be entitled to recourse to a competent court, in order that the court may decide without delay on the lawfulness of his arrest or detention and order his release if the arrest or detention is unlawful. In States Parties whose laws provide that anyone who believes himself to be threatened with deprivation of his liberty is entitled to recourse to a competent court in order that it may decide on the lawfulness of such threat, this remedy may not be restricted or abolished. The interested party or another person in his behalf is entitled to seek these remedies.
7.7
No one shall be detained for debt. This principle shall not limit the orders of a competent judicial authority issued for nonfulfillment of duties of support.
8.1
Every person has the right to a hearing, with due guarantees and within a reasonable time, by a competent, independent, and impartial tribunal, previously established by law, in the substantiation of any accusation of a criminal nature made against him or for the determination of his rights and obligations of a civil, labor, fiscal, or any other nature.
8.2
Every person accused of a criminal offense has the right to be presumed innocent so long as his guilt has not been proven according to law. During the proceedings, every person is entitled, with full equality, to the following minimum guarantees:
8.2.a
the right of the accused to be assisted without charge by a translator or interpreter, if he does not understand or does not speak the language of the tribunal or court;
8.2.b
prior notification in detail to the accused of the charges against him;
8.2.c
adequate time and means for the preparation of his defense;
8.2.d
the right of the accused to defend himself personally or to be assisted by legal counsel of his own choosing, and to communicate freely and privately with his counsel;
8.2.e
the inalienable right to be assisted by counsel provided by the state, paid or not as the domestic law provides, if the accused does not defend himself personally or engage his own counsel within the time period established by law;
8.2.f
the right of the defense to examine witnesses present in the court and to obtain the appearance, as witnesses, of experts or other persons who may throw light on the facts;
8.2.g
the right not to be compelled to be a witness against himself or to plead guilty;
8.2.h
the right to appeal the judgment to a higher court.
8.3
A confession of guilt by the accused shall be valid only if it is made without coercion of any kind.
8.4
An accused person acquitted by a nonappealable judgment shall not be subjected to a new trial for the same cause.
8.5
Criminal proceedings shall be public, except insofar as may be necessary to protect the interests of justice.
9
No one shall be convicted of any act or omission that did not constitute a criminal offense, under the applicable law, at the time it was committed. A heavier penalty shall not be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the criminal offense was committed. If subsequent to the commission of the offense the law provides for the imposition of a lighter punishment, the guilty person shall benefit therefrom.
10
Every person has the right to be compensated in accordance with the law in the event he has been sentenced by a final judgment through a miscarriage of justice
24
All persons are equal before the law. Consequently, they are entitled, without discrimination, to equal protection of the law
25.1
Everyone has the right to simple and prompt recourse, or any other effective recourse, to a competent court or tribunal for protection against acts that violate his fundamental rights recognized by the constitution or laws of the state concerned or by this Convention, even though such violation may have been committed by persons acting in the course of their official duties
25.2.a
to ensure that any person claiming such remedy shall have his rights determined by the competent authority provided for by the legal system of the state;
25.2.b
to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;
25.2.c
to ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted.
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
7.c
include in their domestic legislation penal, civil, administrative and any other type of provisions that may be needed to prevent, punish and eradicate violence against women and to adopt appropriate administrative measures where necessary;
7.f
establish fair and effective legal procedures for women who have been subjected to violence which include, among others, protective measures, a timely hearing and effective access to such procedures;
7.g
establish the necessary legal and administrative mechanisms to ensure that women subjected to violence have effective access to restitution, reparations or other just and effective remedies;

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