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Mål Delmål Menneskerettighedsinstrument Artikel / Beskrivelse

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 16.1

Alle former for vold, og voldsrelateret dødsfald skal reduceres væsentligt overalt.

Indicators
16.1.1
Antal af ofre for overlagt mord pr. 100.000 mennesker, opdelt på køn og alde
16.1.3
Andel af befolkning, som har været udsat for fysisk, psykisk eller seksuel vold inden for de seneste 12 måneder
16.1.2
Konflikt-relateret dødsfald pr. 100.000 mennesker, opdelt på køn, alder og årsag
16.1.4
Andel af befolkning, der føler sig sikre, når de går alene rundt i deres nærområde
 UNDHRD
Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
12.2
The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the present Declaration
UDHR
Verdenserklæringen om menneskerettighederne
3
Enhver har ret til liv, frihed og personlig sikkerhed.
5
Ingen må underkastes tortur eller grusom, umenneskelig eller vanærende behandling eller straf.
ICCPR
International konvention om borgerlige og politiske rettigheder
6.1
Ethvert menneske har en naturgiven ret til livet. Denne ret skal beskyttes ved lov. Ingen må vilkårligt berøves livet.
7
Ingen må underkastes tortur eller grusom, umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf. I særdeleshed må ingen uden sit frit afgivne samtykke underkastes medicinske eller videnskabelige eksperimenter.
9.1
Enhver har ret til frihed og personlig sikkerhed. Ingen må underkastes vilkårlig arrest eller frihedsberøvelse. Ingen må berøves sin frihed undtagen af sådanne grunde, og i overensstemmelse med sådanne fremgangsmåder, som er fastsat ved lov.
ICERD
International konvention om afskaffelse af alle former for racediskrimination
5 Til opfyldelse af de i artikel 2 i denne konvention fastsatte grundlæggende forpligtelser påtager deltagerstaterne sig at forbyde og afskaffe alle former for racediskrimination og at sikre ethvert menneskes ret til lighed for loven, uanset race, hudfarve eller national eller etnisk oprindelse, især med hensyn til nydelsen af følgende rettigheder:
5.b
retten til personlig sikkerhed og til statens beskyttelse mod vold eller legemsbeskadigelse, uanset om den tilføjes af personer, der virker i offentlig tjeneste eller hverv, eller af nogen enkeltperson, gruppe eller institution;
CRC
FN’s konvention om Barnets Rettigheder
6.1
Deltagerstaterne anerkender, at ethvert barn har en naturlig ret til livet.
6.2
Deltagerstaterne skal i videst muligt omfang sikre barnets overlevelse og udvikling.
19.1
Deltagerstaterne skal træffe alle passende lovgivningsmæssige, administrative, sociale og uddannelsesmæssige forholdsregler til beskyttelse af barnet mod alle former for fysisk eller psykisk vold, skade eller misbrug, vanrøgt eller forsømmelig behandling, mishandling eller udnyttelse, herunder seksuel misbrug, medens barnet er i forældrenes, værgens eller andre personers varetægt.
19.2
Sådanne beskyttende foranstaltninger bør i passende omfang omfatte virkningsfulde retningslinjer, såvel for udformning af sociale programmer, der kan yde den nødvendige støtte til barnet og til dem, der har barnet i deres varetægt, som til andre former for forebyggelse og identifikation, rapportering, henvisning, undersøgelse, behandling og opfølgning af tilfælde af børnemishandling som beskrevet ovenfor og om nødvendigt til retsforfølgelse.
38.2
Deltagerstaterne skal træffe alle gennemførlige forholdsregler for at sikre, at personer under 15 år ikke tager direkte del i fjendtligheder.
38.3
Deltagerstaterne skal afstå fra at rekruttere nogen person, der ikke er fyldt 15 år, i deres væbnede styrker. Ved rekruttering blandt personer, som er fyldt 15 år, men ikke 18 år, skal deltagerstaterne bestræbe sig på først at udvælge de ældste.
CRPD
FN’s konvention om rettigheder for personer med handicap
10
Deltagerstaterne bekræfter på ny, at ethvert menneske har en naturgiven ret til livet, og skal træffe alle nødvendige foranstaltninger til at sikre, at personer med handicap effektivt kan nyde denne rettighed på lige fod med andre.
16.1
Deltagerstaterne skal træffe alle passende lovgivningsmæssige, administrative, sociale, uddannelsesmæssige og andre foranstaltninger til at beskytte personer med handicap mod enhver form for udnyttelse, vold og misbrug, herunder som følge af køn, både i og uden for hjemmet.
16.2
Deltagerstaterne skal ligeledes træffe alle passende foranstaltninger til at forebygge enhver form for udnyttelse, vold og misbrug ved bl.a. at sikre passende former for køns- og alderssvarende bistand og støtte til personer med handicap og deres familie og omsorgspersoner, herunder ved tilvejebringelse af information og uddannelse om, hvordan udnyttelse, vold og misbrug kan undgås, opdages og indberettes. Deltagerstaterne skal sikre, at beskyttelsesforanstaltninger er alders-, køns- og handicapsvarende.
16.3
Med henblik på at forebygge forekomsten af enhver form for udnyttelse, vold og misbrug skal deltagerstaterne sikre, at uafhængige myndigheder effektivt fører tilsyn med alle tilbud og ordninger, der er beregnet til personer med handicap.
ICRMW
Internationale konvention om beskyttelse af rettigheder for vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer
9
Retten til liv for vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer skal beskyttes ved lov.
10
Ingen vandrende arbejdstager eller medlem af hans eller hendes familie må underkastes tortur eller grusom, umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf.
16.1
Vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer har ret til frihed og personlig sikkerhed.
16.2
Vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer har ret til fra staten at modtage effektiv beskyttelse mod vold eller legemsbeskadigelse, trusler og intimidering, uanset om den tilføjes af personer, der virker i offentlig tjeneste eller hverv, eller af nogen enkeltperson, gruppe eller institution.
ICPPED
FN's konvention om beskyttelse af personer mod tvungen forsvinding
1.1
No one shall be subjected to enforced disappearance.
1.2
Ingen som helst usædvanlige omstændigheder, hvad enten der er tale om en krigstilstand eller trussel om krig, indre politisk ustabilitet eller nogen anden offentlig nødstilstand, kan påberåbes som begrundelse for tvungen forsvinden.
2
Med henblik på denne konvention defineres "tvungen forsvinden" som anholdelse, tilbageholdelse, bortførelse eller enhver anden form for frihedsberøvelse foretaget af statens ansatte eller af personer eller grupper af personer, der handler med tilladelse, støtte eller samtykke af staten, efterfulgt af en afvisning af at anerkende frihedsberøvelsen eller af hemmeligholdelse af den forsvundne persons skæbne eller opholdssted, hvilket placerer en sådan person uden for lovens beskyttelse.
5
Udbredt eller systematisk praksis med tvungen forsvinden udgør en forbrydelse mod menneskeheden som defineret i gældende folkeret og skal medføre de konsekvenser, der er fastsat i en sådan gældende folkeret.
UNDRIP
De Forenede Nationers deklaration om oprindelige folks rettigheder
7.1
Enkeltpersoner tilhørende oprindelige folk har ret til liv, fysisk og mental integritet, frihed og personlig sikkerhed.
7.2
Oprindelige folk har kollektiv ret til at leve i frihed, fred og sikkerhed som specifikke folk, og må ikke udsættes for nogen form for folkedrab eller andre voldshandlinger inkl. tvangsfjernelse af børn fra gruppen til en anden gruppe.
22.2
Staterne skal i samarbejde med oprindelige folk træffe foranstaltninger til at sikre, at kvinder og børn tilhørende oprindelige folk nyder fuld beskyttelse mod alle former for vold og diskrimination.
DEVAW
Erklæring om afskaffelse af vold mod kvinder
Comment 1
Erklæringen om afskaffelse af vold mod kvinder er relevant i sin helhed.
CPPCG
Konvention om forebyggelse af og straf for folkedrab
Comment 1
Konventionen om forebyggelse af og straf for folkedrab er relevant i sin helhed.
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of every person to live in a healthy environment and any other universally-recognized human right related to the present Agreement.
4.2
Each Party shall ensure that the rights recognized in the present Agreement are freely exercised.
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
4.6
Each Party shall guarantee an enabling environment for the work of persons, associations, organizations or groups that promote environmental protection, by recognizing and protecting them.
4.10
The Parties may promote knowledge of the provisions of the present Agreement in other international forums related to environmental matters, in accordance with the rules of each forum.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
5.18
Each Party shall establish or designate one or more impartial entities or institutions with autonomy and independence to promote transparency in access to environmental information, to oversee compliance with rules, and monitor, report on and guarantee the right of access to information. Each Party may consider including or strengthening, as appropriate, sanctioning powers within the scope of the responsibilities of the aforementioned entities or institutions.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.2
The competent authorities shall endeavour to ensure, to the extent possible, that environmental information is reusable, processable and available in formats that are accessible, and that no restrictions are placed on its reproduction or use, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.a
the texts of treaties and international agreements, as well as environmental laws, regulations and administrative acts;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.g
climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.j
information on the imposition of administrative sanctions in environmental matters.
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.b
national actions to fulfil environmental legal obligations;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.c
advances in the implementation of the access rights; and
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.d
collaboration agreements among public, social and private sectors.
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
8.1
Each Party shall guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the guarantees of due process.
8.2
Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2 Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.a
any decision, action or omission related to the access to environmental information;
8.2 Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.b
any decision, action or omission related to public participation in the decision-making process regarding environmental matters;
8.2 Each Party shall ensure, in the framework of its domestic legislation, access to judicial and administrative mechanisms to challenge and appeal, with respect to substance and procedure:
8.2.c
any other decision, action or omission that affects or could affect the environment adversely or violate laws and regulations related to the environment.
8.3
To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.a
competent State entities with access to expertise in environmental matters;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.b
effective, timely, public, transparent and impartial procedures that are not prohibitively expensive;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.c
broad active legal standing in defence of the environment, in accordance with domestic legislation;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.d
the possibility of ordering precautionary and interim measures, inter alia, to prevent, halt, mitigate or rehabilitate damage to the environment;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.e
measures to facilitate the production of evidence of environmental damage, when appropriate and as applicable, such as the reversal of the burden of proof and the dynamic burden of proof;
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.f
mechanisms to execute and enforce judicial and administrative decisions in a timely manner; and
8.3 To guarantee the right of access to justice in environmental matters, each Party shall have, considering its circumstances:
8.3.g
mechanisms for redress, where applicable, such as restitution to the condition prior to the damage, restoration, compensation or payment of a financial penalty, satisfaction, guarantees of non-repetition, assistance for affected persons and financial instruments to support redress.
8.4
To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4 To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.a
measures to minimize or eliminate barriers to the exercise of the right of access to justice;
8.4 To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.b
means to publicize the right of access to justice and the procedures to ensure its effectiveness;
8.4 To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.c
mechanisms to systematize and disseminate judicial and administrative decisions, as appropriate; and
8.4 To facilitate access to justice in environmental matters for the public, each Party shall establish:
8.4.d
the use of interpretation or translation of languages other than the official languages when necessary for the exercise of that right.
8.5
In order to give effect to the right of access to justice, each Party shall meet the needs of persons or groups in vulnerable situations by establishing support mechanisms, including, as appropriate, free technical and legal assistance.
8.6
Each Party shall ensure that the judicial and administrative decisions adopted in environmental matters and their legal grounds are set out in writing
8.7
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in environmental matters, such as mediation, conciliation or other means that allow such disputes to be prevented or resolved.
9.1
Each Party shall guarantee a safe and enabling environment for persons, groups and organizations that promote and defend human rights in environmental matters, so that they are able to act free from threat, restriction and insecurity
9.2
Each Party shall take adequate and effective measures to recognize, protect and promote all the rights of human rights defenders in environmental matters, including their right to life, personal integrity, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association, and free movement, as well as their ability to exercise their access rights, taking into account its international obligations in the field of human rights, its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system.
9.3
Each Party shall also take appropriate, effective and timely measures to prevent, investigate and punish attacks, threats or intimidations that human rights defenders in environmental matters may suffer while exercising the rights set out in the present Agreement.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
2.1
Ethvert menneskes ret til livet er beskyttet ved lov. Ingen må forsætligt berøves livet, undtagen ved fuldbyrdelse af en dødsdom, afsagt af en domstol i tilfælde, hvor der ved lov er fastsat dødsstraf for den pågældende forbrydelse.
3
Ingen må underkastes tortur og ej heller umenneskelig eller vanærende behandling eller straf.
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
6.2
Parterne forpligter sig til at tage passende forholdsregler for at beskytte personer, som kan være genstand for trusler eller handlinger, der indebærer forskelsbehandling, fjendtlighed eller vold som følge af deres etniske, kulturelle, sproglige eller religiøse identitet.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
I
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
The entire convention is relevant
The Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) is relevant to this Target in its entirety
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
4
Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
5
Every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman of degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.
6
Every individual shall have the right to liberty and to the security of his person. No one may be deprived of his freedom except for reasons and conditions previously laid down by law. In particular, no one may be arbitrarily arrested or detained.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
5.1
Every child has an inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law.
5.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall ensure, to the maximum extent possible, the survival, protection and development of the child.
5.3
Death sentence shall not be pronounced for crimes committed by children.
16.1
State Parties to the present Charter shall take specific legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment and especially physical or mental injury or abuse, neglect or maltreatment including sexual abuse, while in the care of the child.
16.2
Protective measures under this Article shall include effective procedures for the establishment of special monitoring units to provide necessary support for the child and for those who have the care of the child, as well as other forms of prevention and for identification, reporting referral investigation, treatment, and follow-up of instances of child abuse and neglect.
17.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall in particular:
17.2.a
ensure that no child who is detained or imprisoned or otherwise deprived of his/her liberty is subjected to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
4.1
Every woman shall be entitled to respect for her life and the integrity and security of her person. All forms of exploitation, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.
4.2.a
enact and enforce laws to prohibit all forms of violence against women including unwanted or forced sex whether the violence takes place in private or public;
4.2.b
adopt such other legislative, administrative, social and economic measures as may be necessary to ensure the prevention, punishment and eradication of all forms of violence against women;
4.2.c
identify the causes and consequences of violence against women and take appropriate measures to prevent and eliminate such violence;
4.2.d
actively promote peace education through curricula and social communication in order to eradicate elements in traditional and cultural beliefs, practices and stereotypes which legitimise and exacerbate the persistence and tolerance of violence against women;
4.2.e
punish the perpetrators of violence against women and implement programmes for the rehabilitation of women victims;
4.2.f
establish mechanisms and accessible services for effective information, rehabilitation and reparation for victims of violence against women;
4.2.g
prevent and condemn trafficking in women, prosecute the perpetrators of such trafficking and protect those women most at risk;
4.2.i
provide adequate budgetary and other resources for the implementation and monitoring of actions aimed at preventing and eradicating violence against women;
16.10

Der skal sikres offentlig adgang til information og beskyttelse af fundamentale frihedsrettigheder i henhold til international lovgivning og internationale aftaler.

Indicators
16.10.1
Antal af bekræftede mord, bortførelser, tvungne forsvindinger, vilkårlige tilbageholdelser og tortur mod journalister og associerede mediefolk, fagforeningsmedlemmer og menneskerettighedsforkæmpere indenfor de seneste 12 måneder
16.10.2
Antal af lande, der har vedtaget og afgivet konstitutionelle, lovmæssige og/eller politiske garantier for offentlig adgang til information
 UNDHRD
Declaration on Human Rights Defenders
1
Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels
2.1
Each State has a prime responsibility and duty to protect, promote and implement all human rights and fundamental freedoms, inter alia, by adopting such steps as may be necessary to create all conditions necessary in the social, economic, political and other fields, as well as the legal guarantees required to ensure that all persons under its jurisdiction, individually and in association with others, are able to enjoy all those rights and freedoms in practice
2.1 Each State has a prime responsibility and duty to protect, promote and implement all human rights and fundamental freedoms, inter alia, by adopting such steps as may be necessary to create all conditions necessary in the social, economic, political and other fields, as well as the legal guarantees required to ensure that all persons under its jurisdiction, individually and in association with others, are able to enjoy all those rights and freedoms in practice
2.2
Each State shall adopt such legislative, administrative and other steps as may be necessary to ensure that the rights and freedoms referred to in the present Declaration are effectively guaranteed
3
Domestic law consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and other international obligations of the State in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms is the juridical framework within which human rights and fundamental freedoms should be implemented and enjoyed and within which all activities referred to in the present Declaration for the promotion, protection and effective realization of those rights and freedoms should be conducted
5 For the purpose of promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, at the national and international levels:
5.a
To meet or assemble peacefully
5 For the purpose of promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, at the national and international levels:
5.b
To form, join and participate in non-governmental organizations, associations or groups
5 For the purpose of promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, at the national and international levels:
5.c
To communicate with non-governmental or intergovernmental organizations
6 Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others:
6.a
To know, seek, obtain, receive and hold information about all human rights and fundamental freedoms, including having access to information as to how those rights and freedoms are given effect in domestic legislative, judicial or administrative systems
6 Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others:
6.b
As provided for in human rights and other applicable international instruments, freely to publish, impart or disseminate to others views, information and knowledge on all human rights and fundamental freedoms
6 Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others:
6.c
To study, discuss, form and hold opinions on the observance, both in law and in practice, of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and, through these and other appropriate means, to draw public attention to those matters
7
Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to develop and discuss new human rights ideas and principles and to advocate their acceptance
8.1
Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to have effective access, on a non-discriminatory basis, to participation in the government of his or her country and in the conduct of public affairs
8.1 Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to have effective access, on a non-discriminatory basis, to participation in the government of his or her country and in the conduct of public affairs
8.2
This includes, inter alia, the right, individually and in association with others, to submit to governmental bodies and agencies and organizations concerned with public affairs criticism and proposals for improving their functioning and to draw attention to any aspect of their work that may hinder or impede the promotion, protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms
9.1
In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.2
To this end, everyone whose rights or freedoms are allegedly violated has the right, either in person or through legally authorized representation, to complain to and have that complaint promptly reviewed in a public hearing before an independent, impartial and competent judicial or other authority established by law and to obtain from such an authority a decision, in accordance with law, providing redress, including any compensation due, where there has been a violation of that person’s rights or freedoms, as well as enforcement of the eventual decision and award, all without undue delay
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.3 To the same end, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, inter alia:
9.3.a
To complain about the policies and actions of individual officials and governmental bodies with regard to violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, by petition or other appropriate means, to competent domestic judicial, administrative or legislative authorities or any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, which should render their decision on the complaint without undue delay
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.3 To the same end, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, inter alia:
9.3.b
To attend public hearings, proceedings and trials so as to form an opinion on their compliance with national law and applicable international obligations and commitments
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.4
To the same end, and in accordance with applicable international instruments and procedures, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to unhindered access to and communication with international bodies with general or special competence to receive and consider communications on matters of human rights and fundamental freedoms
9.1 In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights
9.5
The State shall conduct a prompt and impartial investigation or ensure that an inquiry takes place whenever there is reasonable ground to believe that a violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms has occurred in any territory under its jurisdiction
12.1
Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms
12.2
The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the present Declaration
12.1 Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms
12.3
In this connection, everyone is entitled, individually and in association with others, to be protected effectively under national law in reacting against or opposing, through peaceful means, activities and acts, including those by omission, attributable to States that result in violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as acts of violence perpetrated by groups or individuals that affect the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms
13
Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to solicit, receive and utilize resources for the express purpose of promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms through peaceful means, in accordance with article 3 of the present Declaration
14.1
The State has the responsibility to take legislative, judicial, administrative or other appropriate measures to promote the understanding by all persons under its jurisdiction of their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights
14.1 The State has the responsibility to take legislative, judicial, administrative or other appropriate measures to promote the understanding by all persons under its jurisdiction of their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights
14.2 Such measures shall include, inter alia:
14.2.a
The publication and widespread availability of national laws and regulations and of applicable basic international human rights instruments
14.1 The State has the responsibility to take legislative, judicial, administrative or other appropriate measures to promote the understanding by all persons under its jurisdiction of their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights
14.2 Such measures shall include, inter alia:
14.2.b
Full and equal access to international documents in the field of human rights, including the periodic reports by the State to the bodies established by the international human rights treaties to which it is a party, as well as the summary records of discussions and the official reports of these bodies.
16
Individuals, non-governmental organizations and relevant institutions have an important role to play in contributing to making the public more aware of questions relating to all human rights and fundamental freedoms through activities such as education, training and research in these areas to strengthen further, interalia, understanding, tolerance, peace and friendly relations among nations and among all racial and religious groups, bearing in mind the various backgrounds of the societies and communities in which they carry out their activities
17
In the exercise of the rights and freedoms referred to in the present Declaration, everyone, acting individually and in association with others, shall be subject only to such limitations as are in accordance with applicable international obligations and are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society
18.2
Individuals, groups, institutions and non-governmental organizations have an important role to play and a responsibility in safeguarding democracy, promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms and contributing to the promotion and advancement of democratic societies, institutions and processes
UDHR
Verdenserklæringen om menneskerettighederne
3
Enhver har ret til liv, frihed og personlig sikkerhed.
5
Ingen må underkastes tortur eller grusom, umenneskelig eller vanærende behandling eller straf.
12
Ingen må være genstand for vilkårlig indblanding i private forhold, familie, hjem eller korrespondance, ej heller for angreb på ære og omdømme. Enhver har ret til lovens beskyttelse mod sådan indblanding eller angreb.
19
Enhver har ret til menings- og ytringsfrihed; denne ret omfatter frihed til at hævde sin opfattelse uden indblanding og til at søge, modtage og meddele oplysning og tanker ved et hvilket som helst meddelelsesmiddel og uanset landegrænser.
ICCPR
International konvention om borgerlige og politiske rettigheder
6.1
Ethvert menneske har en naturgiven ret til livet. Denne ret skal beskyttes ved lov. Ingen må vilkårligt berøves livet.
7
Ingen må underkastes tortur eller grusom, umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf. I særdeleshed må ingen uden sit frit afgivne samtykke underkastes medicinske eller videnskabelige eksperimenter.
9.1
Enhver har ret til frihed og personlig sikkerhed. Ingen må underkastes vilkårlig arrest eller frihedsberøvelse. Ingen må berøves sin frihed undtagen af sådanne grunde, og i overensstemmelse med sådanne fremgangsmåder, som er fastsat ved lov.
19.1
Enhver har ret til meningsfrihed uden indblanding.
19.2
Enhver har ret til til ytringsfrihed; denne ret skal omfatte frihed til at søge, modtage og meddele oplysninger og tanker af enhver art uden hensyn til landegrænser, i mundtlig, skriftlig eller trykt form, i form af kunst eller ved andre midler efter eget valg.
21
The right of peaceful assembly shall be recognized. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those imposed in conformity with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
22.1
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
22.2
No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those which are prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. This article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on members of the armed forces and of the police in their exercise of this right.
ICERD
International konvention om afskaffelse af alle former for racediskrimination
5 Til opfyldelse af de i artikel 2 i denne konvention fastsatte grundlæggende forpligtelser påtager deltagerstaterne sig at forbyde og afskaffe alle former for racediskrimination og at sikre ethvert menneskes ret til lighed for loven, uanset race, hudfarve eller national eller etnisk oprindelse, især med hensyn til nydelsen af følgende rettigheder:
5.b
retten til personlig sikkerhed og til statens beskyttelse mod vold eller legemsbeskadigelse, uanset om den tilføjes af personer, der virker i offentlig tjeneste eller hverv, eller af nogen enkeltperson, gruppe eller institution;
5 Til opfyldelse af de i artikel 2 i denne konvention fastsatte grundlæggende forpligtelser påtager deltagerstaterne sig at forbyde og afskaffe alle former for racediskrimination og at sikre ethvert menneskes ret til lighed for loven, uanset race, hudfarve eller national eller etnisk oprindelse, især med hensyn til nydelsen af følgende rettigheder:
5.d andre borgerlige rettigheder, i særdeleshed:
5.d.ix
forsamlings- og foreningsfrihed med fredelige formål;
5 Til opfyldelse af de i artikel 2 i denne konvention fastsatte grundlæggende forpligtelser påtager deltagerstaterne sig at forbyde og afskaffe alle former for racediskrimination og at sikre ethvert menneskes ret til lighed for loven, uanset race, hudfarve eller national eller etnisk oprindelse, især med hensyn til nydelsen af følgende rettigheder:
5.d andre borgerlige rettigheder, i særdeleshed:
5.d.viii
menings- og ytringsfrihed;
CRC
FN’s konvention om Barnets Rettigheder
13.1
Barnet skal have ytringsfrihed; denne ret omfatter frihed til uanset territoriale grænser at søge, modtage og videregive oplysninger og tanker af enhver art, enten mundtligt, skriftligt eller på tryk i form af kunst eller gennem en hvilken som helst anden udtryksmåde, barnet måtte vælge.
14.1
Deltagerstaterne skal respektere barnets ret til tankefrihed, samvittigheds- og religionsfrihed.
15.1
Deltagerstaterne anerkender barnets ret til foreningsfrihed og dets frihed til at deltage i fredelige forsamlinger.
16.1
Intet barn må udsættes for vilkårlig eller ulovlig indblanding i sit privat- og familieliv, sit hjem eller sin brevveksling, eller ulovlige angreb på sin ære eller sit omdømme.
16.2
Barnet har ret til lovens beskyttelse mod sådan indblanding eller sådanne angreb.
17 Deltagerstaterne erkender massemediernes vigtige rolle og skal sikre, at barnet har adgang til information og materiale fra forskellige nationale og internationale kilder, særligt sådanne, hvis formål er at fremme barnets sociale, åndelige og moralske velfærd og fysiske og psykiske sundhed. Med henblik herpå skal deltagerstaterne:
17.d
tilskynde massemedierne til at tage særligt hensyn til de sproglige behov hos børn, der tilhører et mindretal eller en urbefolkning;
17 Deltagerstaterne erkender massemediernes vigtige rolle og skal sikre, at barnet har adgang til information og materiale fra forskellige nationale og internationale kilder, særligt sådanne, hvis formål er at fremme barnets sociale, åndelige og moralske velfærd og fysiske og psykiske sundhed. Med henblik herpå skal deltagerstaterne:
17.e
tilskynde til udvikling af passende retningslinjer for beskyttelse af barnet mod oplysning og materiale, der skader dets velfærd, jf. bestemmelserne i artikel 13 og 18.
CRPD
FN’s konvention om rettigheder for personer med handicap
10
Deltagerstaterne bekræfter på ny, at ethvert menneske har en naturgiven ret til livet, og skal træffe alle nødvendige foranstaltninger til at sikre, at personer med handicap effektivt kan nyde denne rettighed på lige fod med andre.
14.1 Deltagerstaterne skal sikre, at personer med handicap på lige fod med andre:
14.1.a
har ret til frihed og personlig sikkerhed,
14.1 Deltagerstaterne skal sikre, at personer med handicap på lige fod med andre:
14.1.b
ikke ulovligt eller vilkårligt berøves deres frihed, og at enhver frihedsberøvelse følger lovens forskrifter, samt at eksistensen af et handicap i intet tilfælde kan berettige til frihedsberøvelse.
15.1
Ingen må underkastes tortur eller grusom, umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf. I særdeleshed må ingen uden sit frit afgivne samtykke underkastes medicinske eller videnskabelige eksperimenter.
21 Deltagerstaterne skal træffe alle passende foranstaltninger til at sikre, at personer med handicap kan udøve deres ret til ytrings- og meningsfrihed, herunder frihed til at søge, modtage og meddele oplysninger og tanker på lige fod med andre og ved alle former for kommunikation efter eget valg som defineret i konventionens artikel 2, herunder ved:
21.a
at information til den brede offentlighed gives til personer med handicap i tilgængelige formater og ved hjælp af teknologi, der er passende for forskellige typer af handicap, inden for en rimelig tid og uden yderligere omkostninger,
21 Deltagerstaterne skal træffe alle passende foranstaltninger til at sikre, at personer med handicap kan udøve deres ret til ytrings- og meningsfrihed, herunder frihed til at søge, modtage og meddele oplysninger og tanker på lige fod med andre og ved alle former for kommunikation efter eget valg som defineret i konventionens artikel 2, herunder ved:
21.b
at acceptere og gøre det lettere for personer med handicap at bruge tegnsprog, punktskrift, forstørrende og alternativ kommunikation og alle andre tilgængelige kommunikationsmidler, -måder og -formater efter eget valg i samspillet med det offentlige,
21 Deltagerstaterne skal træffe alle passende foranstaltninger til at sikre, at personer med handicap kan udøve deres ret til ytrings- og meningsfrihed, herunder frihed til at søge, modtage og meddele oplysninger og tanker på lige fod med andre og ved alle former for kommunikation efter eget valg som defineret i konventionens artikel 2, herunder ved:
21.c
at opfordre private udbydere af tjenesteydelser til den brede offentlighed, herunder via internettet, til at levere information og ydelser i formater, der er tilgængelige og anvendelige for personer med handicap,
21 Deltagerstaterne skal træffe alle passende foranstaltninger til at sikre, at personer med handicap kan udøve deres ret til ytrings- og meningsfrihed, herunder frihed til at søge, modtage og meddele oplysninger og tanker på lige fod med andre og ved alle former for kommunikation efter eget valg som defineret i konventionens artikel 2, herunder ved:
21.d
at tilskynde massemedierne, herunder udbydere af information via internettet, til at gøre deres ydelser tilgængelige for personer med handicap,
21 Deltagerstaterne skal træffe alle passende foranstaltninger til at sikre, at personer med handicap kan udøve deres ret til ytrings- og meningsfrihed, herunder frihed til at søge, modtage og meddele oplysninger og tanker på lige fod med andre og ved alle former for kommunikation efter eget valg som defineret i konventionens artikel 2, herunder ved:
21.e
at anerkende og fremme anvendelsen af tegnsprog.
CAT
Konvention mod tortur og anden grusom, umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf
Comment 1
Konventionen mod tortur og anden grusom, umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf er relevant i sin helhed.
ICRMW
Internationale konvention om beskyttelse af rettigheder for vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer
9
Retten til liv for vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer skal beskyttes ved lov.
10
Ingen vandrende arbejdstager eller medlem af hans eller hendes familie må underkastes tortur eller grusom, umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf.
13.1
Vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer har ret til meningsfrihed uden indblanding.
13.2
Vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer har ret til ytringsfrihed; denne ret omfatter frihed til at søge, modtage og meddele oplysninger og tanker af enhver art uden hensyn til landegrænser, i mundtlig, skriftlig eller trykt form, i form af kunst eller ved andre midler efter eget valg.
16.4
Vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer må ikke, individuelt eller kollektivt, udsættes for vilkårlig anholdelse eller tilbageholdelse; de må ikke fratages deres frihed undtagen af sådanne grunde, og i overensstemmelse med de procedurer, som er oprettet ved lov.
ICPPED
FN's konvention om beskyttelse af personer mod tvungen forsvinding
1.1
No one shall be subjected to enforced disappearance.
1.2
Ingen som helst usædvanlige omstændigheder, hvad enten der er tale om en krigstilstand eller trussel om krig, indre politisk ustabilitet eller nogen anden offentlig nødstilstand, kan påberåbes som begrundelse for tvungen forsvinden.
2
Med henblik på denne konvention defineres "tvungen forsvinden" som anholdelse, tilbageholdelse, bortførelse eller enhver anden form for frihedsberøvelse foretaget af statens ansatte eller af personer eller grupper af personer, der handler med tilladelse, støtte eller samtykke af staten, efterfulgt af en afvisning af at anerkende frihedsberøvelsen eller af hemmeligholdelse af den forsvundne persons skæbne eller opholdssted, hvilket placerer en sådan person uden for lovens beskyttelse.
5
Udbredt eller systematisk praksis med tvungen forsvinden udgør en forbrydelse mod menneskeheden som defineret i gældende folkeret og skal medføre de konsekvenser, der er fastsat i en sådan gældende folkeret.
UNDRIP
De Forenede Nationers deklaration om oprindelige folks rettigheder
7.1
Enkeltpersoner tilhørende oprindelige folk har ret til liv, fysisk og mental integritet, frihed og personlig sikkerhed.
16.1
Oprindelige folk har ret til at etablere deres egne medier på deres egne sprog og uden diskrimination have adgang til alle former for ikke­oprindelige folks medier.
16.2
Stater skal træffe effektive foranstaltninger til at sikre, at statsejede medier på retmæssig vis afspejler indfødt kulturel mangfoldighed. Stater bør med forbehold for sikring af fuld ytringsfrihed opfordre privatejede medier til i tilstrækkeligt omfang at afspejle oprindelige folks kulturelle mangfoldighed.
DEVAW
Erklæring om afskaffelse af vold mod kvinder
Comment 1
Erklæringen om afskaffelse af vold mod kvinder er relevant i sin helhed.
Aarhus Convention
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
8
Each Party shall strive to promote effective public participation at an appropriate stage, and while options are still open, during the preparation by public authorities of executive regulations and other generally applicable legally binding rules that may have a significant effect on the environment. To this end, the following steps should be taken:
1
In order to contribute to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in an environment adequate to his or her health and well-being, each Party shall guarantee the rights of access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.
3.2
Each Party shall endeavour to ensure that officials and authorities assist and provide guidance to the public in seeking access to information, in facilitating participation in decision-making and in seeking access to justice in environmental matters.
3.3
Each Party shall promote environmental education and environmental awareness among the public, especially on how to obtain access to information, to participate in decision-making and to obtain access to justice in environmental matters.
3.5
The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the right of a Party to maintain or introduce measures providing for broader access to information, more extensive public participation in decision-making and wider access to justice in environmental matters than required by this Convention.
3.6
This Convention shall not require any derogation from existing rights of access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters.
3.8
Each Party shall ensure that persons exercising their rights in conformity with the provisions of this Convention shall not be penalized, persecuted or harassed in any way for their involvement. This provision shall not affect the powers of national courts to award reasonable costs in judicial proceedings.
3.9
Within the scope of the relevant provisions of this Convention, the public shall have access to information, have the possibility to participate in decision-making and have access to justice in environmental matters without discrimination as to citizenship, nationality or domicile and, in the case of a legal person, without discrimination as to where it has its registered seat or an effective centre of its activities.
4.4.g
The interests of a third party which has supplied the information requested without that party being under or capable of being put under a legal obligation to do so, and where that party does not consent to the release of the material; or
5.1.b
Mandatory systems are established so that there is an adequate flow of information to public authorities about proposed and existing activities which may significantly affect the environment;
5.1.c
In the event of any imminent threat to human health or the environment, whether caused by human activities or due to natural causes, all information which could enable the public to take measures to prevent or mitigate harm arising from the threat and is held by a public authority is disseminated immediately and without delay to members of the public who may be affected.
5.2.b
Establishing and maintaining practical arrangements, such as:
5.2.b.ii
Requiring officials to support the public in seeking access to information under this Convention; and
5.2.b.iii
The identification of points of contact; and
5.6
Each Party shall encourage operators whose activities have a significant impact on the environment to inform the public regularly of the environmental impact of their activities and products, where appropriate within the framework of voluntary eco-labelling or eco-auditing schemes or by other means.
5.7
Each Party shall:
6.1.b
Shall, in accordance with its national law, also apply the provisions of this article to decisions on proposed activities not listed in annex I which may have a significant effect on the environment. To this end, Parties shall determine whether such a proposed activity is subject to these provisions; and
6.6.d
A non-technical summary of the above;
6.7
Procedures for public participation shall allow the public to submit, in writing or, as appropriate, at a public hearing or inquiry with the applicant, any comments, information, analyses or opinions that it considers relevant to the proposed activity.
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that, when a public authority reconsiders or updates the operating conditions for an activity referred to in paragraph 1, the provisions of paragraphs 2 to 9 of this article are applied mutatis mutandis, and where appropriate.
6.11
Each Party shall, within the framework of its national law, apply, to the extent feasible and appropriate, provisions of this article to decisions on whether to permit the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms into the environment.
8.b
Draft rules should be published or otherwise made publicly available; and
9.3
In addition and without prejudice to the review procedures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 above, each Party shall ensure that, where they meet the criteria, if any, laid down in its national law, members of the public have access to administrative or judicial procedures to challenge acts and omissions by private persons and public authorities which contravene provisions of its national law relating to the environment.
10.1
The first meeting of the Parties shall be convened no later than one year after the date of the entry into force of this Convention. Thereafter, an ordinary meeting of the Parties shall be held at least once every two years, unless otherwise decided by the Parties, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to all Parties by the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe, the said request is supported by at least one third of the Parties.
Kiev Protocol
Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention
4
In accordance with this Protocol, each Party shall establish and maintain a publicly accessible national pollutant release and transfer register that:
1
The objective of this Protocol is to enhance public access to information through the establishment of coherent, integrated, nationwide pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol, which could facilitate public participation in environmental decision-making as well as contribute to the prevention and reduction of pollution of the environment.
3.2
The provisions of this Protocol shall not affect the right of a Party to maintain or introduce a more extensive or more publicly accessible pollutant release and transfer register than required by this Protocol.
3.3
Each Party shall take the necessary measures to require that employees of a facility and members of the public who report a violation by a facility of national laws implementing this Protocol to public authorities are not penalized, persecuted or harassed by that facility or public authorities for their actions in reporting the violation.
4.c
Is pollutant-specific or waste-specific, as appropriate;
4.i
Allows for public participation in its development and modification; and
4.d
Is multimedia, distinguishing among releases to air, land and water;
4.j
Is a structured, computerized database or several linked databases maintained by the competent authority.
4.e
Includes information on transfers;
4.f
Is based on mandatory reporting on a periodic basis;
4.a
Is facility-specific with respect to reporting on point sources;
4.g
Includes standardized and timely data, a limited number of standardized reporting thresholds and limited provisions, if any, for confidentiality;
4.b
Accommodates reporting on diffuse sources;
4.h
Is coherent and designed to be user-friendly and publicly accessible, including in electronic form;
5.2
Each Party shall also ensure that the data can be searched and identified according to those diffuse sources which have been included in the register.
5.3
Each Party shall design its register taking into account the possibility of its future expansion and ensuring that the reporting data from at least the ten previous reporting years are publicly accessible.
5.4
The register shall be designed for maximum ease of public access through electronic means, such as the Internet. The design shall allow that, under normal operating conditions, the information on the register is continuously and immediately available through electronic means.
5.5
Each Party should provide links in its register to its relevant existing, publicly accessible databases on subject matters related to environmental protection.
5.6
Each Party shall provide links in its register to the pollutant release and transfer registers of other Parties to the Protocol and, where feasible, to those of other countries.
8.1
Each Party shall ensure that the information required to be incorporated in its register is publicly available, compiled and presented on the register by calendar year. The reporting year is the calendar year to which that information relates. For each Party, the first reporting year is the calendar year after the Protocol enters into force for that Party. The reporting required under article 7 shall be annual. However, the second reporting year may be the second calendar year following the first reporting year.
11.1
Each Party shall ensure public access to information contained in its pollutant release and transfer register, without an interest having to be stated, and according to the provisions of this Protocol, primarily by ensuring that its register provides for direct electronic access through public telecommunications networks.
11.2
Where the information contained in its register is not easily publicly accessible by direct electronic means, each Party shall ensure that its competent authority upon request provides that information by any other effective means, as soon as possible and at the latest within one month after the request has been submitted.
11.5
Where the information contained in its register is not easily publicly accessible by direct electronic means, each Party shall facilitate electronic access to its register in publicly accessible locations, for example in public libraries, offices of local authorities or other appropriate places.
12.2
Within the framework of paragraph 1 (c), any information on releases which is relevant for the protection of the environment shall be considered for disclosure according to national law.
12.3
Whenever information is kept confidential according to paragraph 1, the register shall indicate what type of information has been withheld, through, for example, providing generic chemical information if possible, and for what reason it has been withheld.
13.2
For the purpose of paragraph 1, each Party shall provide the opportunity for free public access to the information on the proposed measures concerning the development of its national pollutant release and transfer register and for the submission of any comments, information, analyses or opinions that are relevant to the decision-making process, and the relevant authority shall take due account of such public input.
13.3
Each Party shall ensure that, when a decision to establish or significantly change its register has been taken, information on the decision and the considerations on which it is based are made publicly available in a timely manner.
15.1
Each Party shall promote public awareness of its pollutant release and transfer registe r, and shall ensure that assistance and guidance are provided in accessing its register and in understanding and using the information contained in it.
ECHR
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
2.1
Ethvert menneskes ret til livet er beskyttet ved lov. Ingen må forsætligt berøves livet, undtagen ved fuldbyrdelse af en dødsdom, afsagt af en domstol i tilfælde, hvor der ved lov er fastsat dødsstraf for den pågældende forbrydelse.
3
Ingen må underkastes tortur og ej heller umenneskelig eller vanærende behandling eller straf.
10.1
Enhver har ret til ytringsfrihed. Denne ret omfatter meningsfrihed og frihed til at give eller modtage meddelelser eller tanker, uden indblanding fra offentlig myndighed og uden hensyn til grænser. Denne Artikel forhindrer ikke stater i at kræve, at radio-, fjernsyns- eller filmforetagender kun må drives i henhold til bevilling.
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
4.1
Parterne forpligter sig til at sikre personer, der tilhører nationale mindretal, retten til lighed for loven og lige beskyttelse i henhold til loven. I denne henseende skal enhver forskelsbehandling, der hviler på tilhørsforholdet til et nationalt mindretal, være forbudt.
9.1
Parterne forpligter sig til at anerkende, at retten til ytringsfrihed for enhver person, der tilhører et nationalt mindretal, omfatter meningsfrihed og frihed til at modtage og meddele oplysninger og tanker på mindretalssproget uden indblanding fra offentlige myndigheder og uden hensyn til landegrænser. Parterne skal inden for rammerne af deres lovgivningssystemer sikre, at personer, der tilhører et nationalt mindretal, ikke bliver forskelsbehandlet med hensyn til adgangen til medierne
9.2
Stk. 1 skal ikke forhindre parterne i at kræve, at radio- og fjernsynsvirksomhed eller filmforetagender kun må drives i henhold til bevilling, der skal gives uden forskelsbehandling og på grundlag af objektive kriterier.
9.3
Parterne må ikke lægge hindringer i vejen for at personer, der tilhører nationale mindretal, kan oprette og bruge trykte medier.
9.4
Inden for rammerne af deres lovgivningssystemer skal parterne vedtage passende forholdsregler med henblik på at lette adgangen til medierne for personer, der tilhører nationale mindretal, og med henblik på at fremme tolerance og tillade kulturel pluralisme.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
IV
Every person has the right to freedom of investigation, of opinion, and of the expression and dissemination of ideas, by any medium whatsoever.

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