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Mål Delmål Menneskerettighedsinstrument Artikel / Beskrivelse

Sikre bæredygtigt forbrug og produktionsformer.

 12.2

Inden 2030 skal der opnås en bæredygtig forvaltning og effektiv udnyttelse af naturressourcer.

Indicators
12.2.1
Materielle fodspor, materielle fodspor pr. indbygger og materielle fodspor pr. BNP
12.2.2
Indenlandsk materialeforbrug, indenlandsk materialeforbrug pr. indbygger og indenlandsk materialeforbrug pr. BNP
 ICCPR
International konvention om borgerlige og politiske rettigheder
1.2
Alle folk kan til deres egne formål disponere frit over deres naturgivne rigdomskilder og ressourcer uden derved at gøre indgreb i forpligtelser hidrørende fra internationalt økonomisk samarbejde, der er baseret på princippet om gensidig fordel i folkeretten. Et folk må aldrig berøves sine eksistensmuligheder.
ICESCR
Den internationale konvention om økonomiske, sociale og kulturelle rettigheder
1.2
Alle folk kan til deres egne formål disponere frit over deres naturgivne rigdomskilder og ressourcer uden derved at gøre indgreb i forpligtelser hidrørende fra internationalt økonomisk samarbejde, der er baseret på princippet om gensidig fordel, og i folkeretten. Et folk må aldrig berøves sine eksistensmuligheder.
UNDRIP
De Forenede Nationers deklaration om oprindelige folks rettigheder
25
Oprindelige folk har ret til at opretholde og styrke deres særegne åndelige forhold til deres traditionelt ejede eller på anden måde beboede og anvendte landområder, territorier, floder, søer og kystnære have og andre ressourcer og til at opretholde deres ansvar for fremtidige generationer i denne sammenhæng.
26.1
Oprindelige folk har ret til de landområder, territorier og ressourcer, de traditionelt har ejet, beboet eller brugt eller erhvervet på anden måde.
26.2
Oprindelige folk har ret til at eje, anvende, udvikle og kontrollere de landområder, territorier og ressourcer, de ejer som følge af traditionelt ejerskab eller anden form for traditionel beboelse eller brug, såvel som dem de har erhvervet på anden måde.
ILO 169
ILO-konvention vedrørende oprindelige folk og stammefolk i selvstændige stater, 1989 (nr. 169)
Description 14.1
De pågældende folks ret til at eje og besidde de landområder, som de traditionelt råder over, skal anerkendes. Desuden skal der, hvor det er hensigtsmæssigt, træffes foranstaltninger med henblik på at sikre de pågældende folks ret til at udnytte landområder, der ikke udelukkende besiddes af dem, men hvortil de traditionelt har haft adgang til at skaffe sig deres udkomme og udøve traditionelle aktiviteter. Der bør i denne forbindelse særlig tages hensyn til situationen for nomadefolk og omvandrende jordbrugere.
Description 14.2
Regeringerne skal tage de skridt, der er nødvendige, med henblik på at identificere de landområder, som de pågældende folk traditionelt besidder, og garantere en effektiv beskyttelse af deres ejendoms- og besiddelsesrettigheder.
Description 14.3
Der skal indføres passende procedurer inden for det nationale retssystem med henblik på at afgøre krav om landområder fra de pågældende folk.
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
4.6
Each Party shall guarantee an enabling environment for the work of persons, associations, organizations or groups that promote environmental protection, by recognizing and protecting them.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.2
The competent authorities shall endeavour to ensure, to the extent possible, that environmental information is reusable, processable and available in formats that are accessible, and that no restrictions are placed on its reproduction or use, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.a
the texts of treaties and international agreements, as well as environmental laws, regulations and administrative acts;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.j
information on the imposition of administrative sanctions in environmental matters.
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.5
Each Party shall guarantee that in the case of an imminent threat to public health or the environment, the relevant competent authority shall immediately disclose and disseminate through the most effective means all pertinent information in its possession that could help the public take measures to prevent or limit potential damage. Each Party shall develop and implement an early warning system using available mechanisms.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.8
Each Party shall encourage independent environmental performance reviews that take into account nationally or internationally agreed criteria and guides and common indicators, with a view to evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness and progress of its national environmental policies in fulfilment of their national and international commitments. The reviews shall include participation by the various stakeholders.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5
The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.7
The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.9
The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.a
a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.b
a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.c
a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.d
a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.e
the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.f
a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.g
actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.z
The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
12.2
In order to promote the exercise of this right and eradicate malnutrition, the States Parties undertake to improve methods of production, supply and distribution of food, and to this end, agree to promote greater international cooperation in support of the relevant national policies.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
21.1
All peoples shall freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources. This right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people. In no case shall a people be deprived of it.
21.2
In case of spoliation the dispossessed people shall have the right to the lawful recovery of its property as well as to an adequate compensation.
21.3
The free disposal of wealth and natural resources shall be exercised without prejudice to the obligation of promoting international economic cooperation based on mutual respect, equitable exchangeand the principles of international law.
21.4
States parties to the present Charter shall individually and collectively exercise the right to free disposal of their wealth and natural resources with a view to strengthening African unity and solidarity.
21.5
States parties to the present Charter shall undertake to eliminate all forms of foreign economic exploitation particularly that practiced by international monopolies so as to enable their peoples to fully benefit from the advantages derived from their national resources.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
11.2
The education of the child shall be directed to:
11.2.g
the development of respect for the environment and natural resources;
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.1
Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment.
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.b
promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women's access to, and participation in their control;
18.2.c
protect and enable the development of women’s indigenous knowledge systems;
Paris Agreement
Paris Agreement
5.1
Parterne bør træffe foranstaltninger til at bevare og eventuelt forøge dræn og reservoirer for drivhusgasser, herunder skove, jf. konventionens artikel 4, stk. 1, litra d).
5.2
Parterne tilskyndes til, bl.a. via resultatbaserede betalinger, at træffe foranstaltninger til at gennemføre og understøtte den eksisterende ramme, som er fastlagt ved de på grundlag af konventionen allerede vedtagne retningslinjer og beslutninger, med henblik på: politiske tilgange og positive incitamenter til aktiviteter med relation til reduktion af emissioner fra skovrydning og skovforringelse og betydningen af bevaring, bæredygtig skovforvaltning og forøgelse af skovenes kulstoflagre i udviklingslandene; og alternative politiske tilgange, f.eks. fælles modvirknings- og tilpasningsmetoder til integrerende og bæredygtig skovforvaltning, hvor det alt efter relevans på ny bekræftes, hvor vigtigt det er med eventuel stimulering med hensyn til de ikke kulstofrelaterede fordele ved sådanne tilgange.
7.9.e
opbygning af modstandsdygtigheden i socioøkonomiske og økologiske systemer, bl.a. via økonomisk diversificering og bæredygtig forvaltning af naturressourcer.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
3
I overensstemmelse med De Forenede Nationers Pagt og principperne i international ret har stater suveræn ret til at udnytte deres egne ressourcer i henhold til deres egen miljøpolitik og ansvaret for at sikre, at aktiviteter under deres jurisdiktion eller kontrol ikke forårsager skade på miljøet i andre stater eller i områder uden for grænserne for deres nationale jurisdiktion.
6
Alle de kontraherende parter skal, i overensstemmelse med deres særlige vilkår og muligheder:
6 Alle de kontraherende parter skal, i overensstemmelse med deres særlige vilkår og muligheder:
6.a
udvikle nationale strategier, planer eller programmer for bevaring og bæredygtig udnyttelse af den biologiske mangfoldighed eller i dette øjemed tilpasse eksisterende strategier, planer eller programmer, som bl.a. skal baseres på de af denne konventions foranstaltninger, der er relevante for den pågældende kontraherende part; og
6 Alle de kontraherende parter skal, i overensstemmelse med deres særlige vilkår og muligheder:
6.b
så vidt muligt og alt efter omstændighederne, integrere bevaring og bæredygtig udnyttelse af den biologiske mangfoldighed i relevante sektorale eller tværsektorale planer, programmer og politikker.
10
Alle de kontraherende parter skal, så vidt muligt og alt efter omstændighederne:
10.a
integrere hensynet til bevaring og bæredygtig udnyttelse af de biologiske ressourcer i deres beslutningsprocesser
10.b
træffe foranstaltninger vedrørende udnyttelsen af de biologiske ressourcer for at undgå eller mindske negative følger for den biologiske mangfoldighed
10 Alle de kontraherende parter skal, så vidt muligt og alt efter omstændighederne:
10.c
beskytte og fremme sædvanemæssig udnyttelse af de biologiske ressourcer i overensstemmelse med den traditionelle kultur, når denne er forenelig med hensynet til bevaring eller bæredygtig udnyttelse
10 Alle de kontraherende parter skal, så vidt muligt og alt efter omstændighederne:
10.d
hjælpe lokale befolkninger med at udvikle og gennemføre udbedrende foranstaltninger i beskadigede områder, hvor den biologiske mangfoldighed er aftaget; og
10.e
anspore til samarbejde mellem deres offentlige myndigheder og den private sektor om udvikling af metoder til bæredygtig udnyttelse af de biologiske ressourcer.
14.1
Alle de kontraherende parter skal, så vidt muligt og alt efter omstændighederne:
14.1.a
indføre passende procedurer, der indebærer miljøkonsekvensvurdering af planlagte projekter, som kan formodes at få betydelige negative virkninger på den biologiske mangfoldighed, med henblik på at undgå eller begrænse disse virkninger og, hvor det er relevant, give offentligheden mulighed for at deltage i disse procedurer
14.1.b
indføre passende ordninger til at sikre, at der tages behørigt hensyn til miljøkonsekvenserne af de af deres programmer og politikker, der kan forventes at få betydelige negative virkninger på den biologiske mangfoldighed
UNCCD
UN Convention to Combat Desertification
2.1
Formålet med denne konvention er at bekæmpe ørkendannelse og afhjælpe virkningerne af tørke i lande, der er ramt af alvorlig tørke og/eller ørkendannelse, særlig i Afrika, i kraft af en effektiv indsats på alle niveauer, underbygget af internationale samarbejds- og partnerskabsarrangementer, inden for rammerne af en integreret tilgang, der er i overensstemmelse med Agenda 21, med det sigte at bidrage til realiseringen af en bæredygtig udvikling i de ramte områder.
2.2
Virkeliggørelsen af dette mål kræver langsigtede integrerede strategier, der i de ramte områder på en og samme tid fokuserer på forbedring af jordens produktivitet og på rehabilitering, bevarelse og bæredygtig forvaltning af jord- og vandressourcerne, således at der skabes bedre levevilkår, især for lokalsamfundene.
10.4
Under hensyntagen til de særlige forhold og behov, der gør sig gældende for hver af de ramte landeparter, omfatter de nationale handlingsprogrammer efter omstændighederne bl.a. foranstaltninger på nogle af eller alle følgende prioriterede områder i forbindelse med bekæmpelse af ørkendannelse og afhjælpning af virkningerne af tørke i de ramte områder og for deres befolkninger: fremme af alternative næringsveje og forbedring af det nationale økonomiske klima med henblik på styrkelse af programmer for fattigdomsbekæmpelse og øget fødevaresikkerhed; befolkningsdynamik; bæredygtig forvaltning af naturressourcer; bæredygtige landbrugsmetoder; udvikling og effektiv udnyttelse af forskellige energikilder; institutionelle og juridiske rammer; styrkelse af kompetencen inden for vurderinger og systematiske observationer, herunder hydrologiske og meteorologiske tjenester, og kapacitetsopbygning, uddannelse og folkeoplysning.
11
De ramte landeparter rådfører sig og samarbejder med hinanden med henblik på i overensstemmelse med de relevante regionale gennemførelsesbilag at udarbejde subregionale eller regionale handlingsprogrammer, der kan harmonisere, supplere og effektivisere de nationale programmer. Bestemmelserne i artikel 10 finder med de nødvendige ændringer anvendelse på subregionale og regionale programmer. Dette samarbejde kan også omfatte aftalte fællesprogrammer for bæredygtig forvaltning af grænseoverskridende naturressourcer, videnskabeligt og teknisk samarbejde og styrkelse af de berørte institutioner.
19.1
Parterne erkender betydningen af kapacitetsopbygning - det vil sige institutionsopbygning, uddannelse og udvikling af relevant lokal og national kapacitet - i bestræbelserne på at bekæmpe ørkendannelse og afhjælpe virkningerne af tørke. De fremmer efter omstændighederne kapacitetsopbygning ved:
19.1.c
at oprette og/eller styrke konsulent- og hjælpetjenester med henblik på en mere effektiv udbredelse af relevante teknologiske metoder og teknikker og at oplære konsulenter og medlemmer af organisationer i landdistrikterne i deltagelsesbaserede metoder til bevarelse og bæredygtig udnyttelse af naturressourcerne
19.3
Parterne samarbejder med hinanden og gennem kompetente mellemstatslige organisationer og ligeledes med ikke-statslige organisationer om gennemførelse af og støtte til oplysnings- og uddannelsesprogrammer hos både de ramte og, når det er relevant, de ikke-ramte landeparter med det formål at fremme befolkningens kendskab til årsagerne til og virkningerne af ørkendannelse og tørke og dens forståelse for betydningen af, at denne konventions mål virkeliggøres. I det øjemed forpligter de sig til:
19.3.e
at vurdere uddannelsesbehovene i de ramte områder, udarbejde hensigtsmæssige skoleundervisningsplaner og efter behov udbygge undervisnings- og alfabetiseringsprogrammerne for voksne og uddannelsesmulighederne for alle, og særlig piger og kvinder, for så vidt angår identificering, bevarelse og bæredygtig udnyttelse og forvaltning af naturressourcerne i de ramte områder
UNCLOS
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
193
Staterne har suveræn ret til at udnytte deres naturlige ressourcer i henhold til deres miljøpolitik og i overensstemmelse med deres pligt til at beskytte og bevare havmiljøet.