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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

创建和平、包容的社会以促进可持续发展，让所有人都能诉诸司法，在各级建立有效、负责和包容的机构

 16.6

在各级建立有效、负责和透明的机构。

Indicators
16.6.1
政府基本支出占初始核定预算的百分比，按部门(或预算编码或类似分类码)分列
16.6.2
对上一次公共服务体验感到满意的人口比例
 Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
III.1.a
Measures to eliminate discrimination gradually and to promote integration by government authorities and/or private entities in providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities such as employment, transportation, communications, housing, recreation, education, sports, law enforcement and administration of justice, and political and administrative activities;
III.1.d
Measures to ensure that persons responsible for applying this Convention and domestic law in this area are trained to do so.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
1
The Member States of the Organization of African Unity parties to the present Charter shall recognize the rights, duties and freedoms enshrined in this Charter and shall undertake to adopt legislative or other measures to give effect to them.
26
States parties to the present Charter shall have the duty to guarantee the independence of the Courts and shall allow the establishment and improvement of appropriate national institutions entrusted with the promotion and protection of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the present Charter.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
1.1
Member States of the Organization of African Unity, Parties to the present Charter shall recognize the rights, freedoms and duties enshrined in this Charter and shall undertake the necessary steps, in accordance with their Constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Charter, to adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of this Charter.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
25
States Parties shall undertake to:
25.a
provide for appropriate remedies to any woman whose rights or freedoms, as herein recognised, have been violated;
25.b
ensure that such remedies are determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by law.
26.2
States Parties undertake to adopt all necessary measures and in particular shall provide budgetary and other resources for the full and effective implementation of the rights herein recognised
16.7

确保各级的决策反应迅速，具有包容性、参与性和代表性。

Indicators
16.7.1
国家和地方机构中的职位按性别、年龄、残疾者和人口群体分列相对全国分配数的比例，包括(a) 立法机构；(b) 公务制度；(c) 司法机构
16.7.2
认为决策具有包容性和响应性的人口比例，按性别、年龄、残疾人和人口群体分列
 UNDHRD
人权维护者宣言
2.1
每个国家负有首要责任和义务保护 促进和实现一切人权和基本自由,除其他外, 应采取可能必要的步骤,在社会 经济 政治以及其他领域创造一切必要条件,建立必要的 法律保障,以确保在其管辖下的所有人能单独地和与他人一起在实际享受所有这些权利与 自由
2.1 每个国家负有首要责任和义务保护 促进和实现一切人权和基本自由,除其他外, 应采取可能必要的步骤,在社会 经济 政治以及其他领域创造一切必要条件,建立必要的 法律保障,以确保在其管辖下的所有人能单独地和与他人一起在实际享受所有这些权利与 自由
2.2
每一国家均应采取可能必要的立法 行政和其他步骤,以确保本宣言所提的权利和 自由得到有效的保证
8.1
人人有权单独地和与他人一起,在不歧视的基础上得到有效机会,参加治理国事, 管理公共事务
8.1 人人有权单独地和与他人一起,在不歧视的基础上得到有效机会,参加治理国事, 管理公共事务
8.2
这特别包括有权单独地和与他人一起向政府机构 机关和负责公共事务的组织提 出批评和建议,以便改进其运作,提请人们注意其工作中可能阻挠或妨碍促进 保护和实现 人权和基本自由的任何方面
9.1 在行使人权和基本自由 包括如本宣言所提促进和保护人权时,人人有权单独地和 与他人一起援引有效的补救措施,并在这些权利遭到侵犯时得到保护
9.4
为了同一目的,按照适用的国际文书和程序,人人有权单独地和与他人一起不受阻 挠地同具有一般的或特殊的权限受理和审议有关人权和基本自由的来文的国际机构联系和 通信
18.2
个人 群体 机构和非政府组织可发挥重要作用 并负有责任保障民主,促进人权和 基本自由,为促进民主社会 民主体制和民主进程的进步作出贡献
UDHR
世界人权宣言
21.1
人人有直接或通过自由选择的代表参与治理本国的权利。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.a
直接或通过自由选择的代表参与公共事务；
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.b
在真正的定期的选举中选举和被选举，这种选举应是普遍的和平等的并以无记名投票方式进行，以保证选举人的意志的自由表达；
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.c
在一般的平等的条件下，参加本国公务。
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.c
政治权利，其尤著者为依据普遍平等投票权参与选举——选举与竞选——参加政府以及参加处理任何等级的公务与同等服公务的权利。
CRC
儿童权利公约
12.1
缔约国应确保有主见能力的儿童有权对影响到其本人的一切事项自由发表自己的意见，对儿童的意见应按照其年龄和成熟程度给以适当的看待。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
7 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在本国政治和公众事务中对妇女的歧视,特别应保证妇女在与男子平等的条件下:
7.a
在一切选举和公民投票中有选举权，并在一切民选机构有被选举权。
7 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在本国政治和公众事务中对妇女的歧视,特别应保证妇女在与男子平等的条件下:
7.b
参加政府政策的制订及其执行，并担任各级政府公职，执行一切公务。
7 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在本国政治和公众事务中对妇女的歧视,特别应保证妇女在与男子平等的条件下:
7.c
参加有关本国公众和政治事务的非政府组织和协会。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
4.3
缔约国应当在为实施本公约而拟订和施行立法和政策时以及在涉及残疾人问题的其他决策过程中，通过代表残疾人的组织，与残疾人，包括残疾儿童，密切协商，使他们积极参与。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
41.1
移徙工人及其家庭成员应有权按照其原籍国的立法规定，参加该国的公共事务，并在该国的选举中有选举权和被选举权。
41.2
有关国家应酌情并按照本国立法规定，便利这些权利的行使。
42.1
缔约国应考虑设立各种程序或机构，以便可在原籍国和在就业国通过这些程序或机构考虑到移徙工人及其家庭成员的特殊需要、愿望和义务，并应酌情考虑是否可能让移徙工人及其家庭成员在这些机构中有他们自由选出的代表。
42.2
就业国在有关地方社区的生活和行政的决定方面，应按照其本国立法的规定，便利移徙工人及其家庭成员进行磋商或参加。
42.3
移徙工人在就业国可享有该国行使其主权所给予他们的政治权利。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
5
土著人民有权维护和加强其特有的政治、法律、经济、社会和文化机构，同 时保有根据自己意愿充分参与国家政治、经济、社会和文化生活的权利。
18
土著人民有权通过他们按自己的程序选出的代表，参与对事关自身权利的事 务的决策，有权保持和发展自己的土著人决策机构。
Aarhus Convention
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
1
为促进保护今世后代人人得在适合其健 康和福扯的环境中生活的权利， 每个缔约方 应按照本公约的规定， 保障在环境问题上获 得信息、公众参与决策和诉诸法律的权利。
3.1
每个缔约方应采取必要的立法、规 章和其他措施， 包括旨在使各种落实本公约 关千信息、公众参与和诉诸法律的规定相互 匹配的措施， 以及恰当的执行措施， 以建立 和保持 一个落实本公约各项规定的明确、透 明和连贯一致的框架。
3.2
每个缔约方应力求确保各级官员和 部门在环境问题上协助和指导公众设法获取 信息、促进参与决策和诉诸法律。
3.3
每个缔约方应在公众中促进环境教 育和提高环境意识， 特别是帮助公众了解如 何在环境间题上获取信息、参与决策和诉诸 法律。
3.5
缔约方有权保持或采用在环境问题 上获取信息、参与决策和诉诸法律方面范围 广千本公约要求的措施， 这项权利不受本公 约规定影响。
3.6
本公约不要求克减在环境问题上获 取信息、参与决策和诉诸法律的现有权利。
3.9
在本公约有关规定范围内， 公众应 能在环境间题上获取信息、参与决策和诉诸 法律， 不因公民身份、国籍或居所而受任何歧视， 法人则不因注册地或有效活动中心所 在地而受任何歧视。
6.2.d.vi
说明具备哪些与拟议活 动相关的环境信息； 并 且
6.2.e
说明对该活动要按国家或跨 界环境影响评估程序办 理。
6.4
每个缔约方应安排公众及早参与， 准备各种方案以供选择， 并让公众能够有效 参与。
6.6.e
关于申请人所研究过的主要 替代办法的概要； 以及
6.6 每个缔约方应要求主管的公共当 局， 在所涉公众根据国家法律规定提出要求 的情况下， 允许他们免费和尽快检索公众参 与程序阶段所具备的、与本条所指的决策有 关的信息， 但缔约方按照第四条第3款和第 4 款拒绝公开某些信息的权利不受减损。在 不减损第四条规定的前提下， 有关信息至少 应包括：
6.6.f
根据国家立法在按照以上第 2款应当通知所涉公众之时 向公共当局交送的主要报告 和咨询意见。
6.10
每个缔约方应确保， 在公共当局 重新考虑或更新第1款所指活动实施条件 时， 酌情在做相应修改后适用本条第2款至 第9款的规定。
6.11
每个缔约方应在国家法律框架 内， 在可行和适当的前提下， 就关于是否准 许有目的有计划地将基因改变的有机体释放 到环境中的做法的决定适用本条的规定。
8.a
确定足以有效参与的时间 范围；
10.1
第一次缔约方会议应不迟千本公约 生效之日起一年举行。此后， 应至少每隔两 年举行一次缔约方常会， 除非缔约方另有决 定， 或经任何缔约方书面请求另作安排， 但 该请求须在欧洲经济委员会执行秘书将其通 报所有缔约方起六个月之内至少得到三分之 —缔约方的支持。
10.3
缔约方会议可在必要时在协商一致 的基础上考虑建立资金安排。
14.6
以上第4 款规定的保存人通报之日 起的十二个月期限满期后， 对某个附件的修 正即对尚未按照以上第5 款的规定通知保存 人的缔约方生效， 但以提交此种通知的缔约 方不超过三分之一为限。
Kiev Protocol
Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention
1
The objective of this Protocol is to enhance public access to information through the establishment of coherent, integrated, nationwide pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol, which could facilitate public participation in environmental decision-making as well as contribute to the prevention and reduction of pollution of the environment.
4.i
Allows for public participation in its development and modification; and
13.1
Each Party shall ensure appropriate opportunities for public participation in the development of its national pollutant release and transfer register, within the framework of its national law.
13.2
For the purpose of paragraph 1, each Party shall provide the opportunity for free public access to the information on the proposed measures concerning the development of its national pollutant release and transfer register and for the submission of any comments, information, analyses or opinions that are relevant to the decision-making process, and the relevant authority shall take due account of such public input.
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
4.4
With the aim of contributing to the effective application of the present Agreement, each Party shall provide the public with information to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on access rights.
4.5
Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
5.18
Each Party shall establish or designate one or more impartial entities or institutions with autonomy and independence to promote transparency in access to environmental information, to oversee compliance with rules, and monitor, report on and guarantee the right of access to information. Each Party may consider including or strengthening, as appropriate, sanctioning powers within the scope of the responsibilities of the aforementioned entities or institutions.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.2
The competent authorities shall endeavour to ensure, to the extent possible, that environmental information is reusable, processable and available in formats that are accessible, and that no restrictions are placed on its reproduction or use, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.a
the texts of treaties and international agreements, as well as environmental laws, regulations and administrative acts;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.b
reports on the state of the environment;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.c
a list of public entities competent in environmental matters and, where possible, their respective areas of operation;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.d
a list of polluted areas, by type of pollutant and location;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.g
climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.i
an estimated list of waste by type and, when possible, by volume, location and year; and
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.j
information on the imposition of administrative sanctions in environmental matters.
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.z
Each Party shall guarantee that environmental information systems are duly organized, accessible to all persons and made progressively available through information technology and georeferenced media, where appropriate.
6.4
Each Party shall take steps to establish a pollutant release and transfer register covering air, water, soil and subsoil pollutants, as well as materials and waste in its jurisdiction. This register will be established progressively and updated periodically.
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.b
national actions to fulfil environmental legal obligations;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.c
advances in the implementation of the access rights; and
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.d
collaboration agreements among public, social and private sectors.
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
7.1
Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5
The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.a
the type or nature of the environmental decision under consideration and, where appropriate, in non-technical language;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.b
the authority responsible for making the decision and other authorities and bodies involved;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.c
the procedure foreseen for the participation of the public, including the date on which the procedure will begin and end, mechanisms for participation and, where applicable, the date and place of any public consultation or hearing; and
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.d
the public authorities involved from which additional information on the environmental decision under consideration can be requested and the procedure for requesting information.
7.7
The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.8
Each Party shall ensure that, once a decision has been made, the public is informed in a timely manner thereof and of the grounds and reasons underlying the decision, including how the observations of the public have been taken into consideration. The decision and its basis shall be made public and be accessible.
7.9
The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.10
Each Party shall establish conditions that are favourable to public participation in environmental decision-making processes and that are adapted to the social, economic, cultural, geographical and gender characteristics of the public.
7.11
When the primary language of the directly affected public is different to the official languages, the public authority shall ensure that means are provided to facilitate their understanding and participation.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
7.13
Each Party shall encourage the establishment of appropriate spaces for consultation on environmental matters or the use of those that are already in existence in which various groups and sectors are able to participate. Each Party shall promote regard for local knowledge, dialogue and interaction of different views and knowledge, where appropriate.
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
7.15
In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed.
7.16
The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation.
7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.a
a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.b
a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.c
a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.d
a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.e
the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.f
a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.g
actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.z
The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
ECHR Protocol
Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
3
各缔约方承诺以合理间隔通过秘密投票按照如下条件进行自由选举：这些条件将会确保民众在立法机关选择方面自由表达其意见。
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
15
The Parties shall create the conditions necessary for the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities in cultural, social and economic life and in public affairs, in particular those affecting them.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
XX
Every person having legal capacity is entitled to participate in the government of his country, directly or through his representatives, and to take part in popular elections, which shall be by secret ballot, and shall be honest, periodic and free.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
23.1
Every citizen shall enjoy the following rights and opportunities:
23.1.a
to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives;
23.1.b
to vote and to be elected in genuine periodic elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and by secret ballot that guarantees the free expression of the will of the voters;
23.1.c
to have access, under general conditions of equality, to the public service of his country.
23.2
The law may regulate the exercise of the rights and opportunities referred to in the preceding paragraph only on the basis of age, nationality, residence, language, education, civil and mental capacity, or sentencing by a competent court in criminal proceedings.
Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
V.1
To the extent that it is consistent with their respective internal laws, the states parties shall promote participation by representatives of organizations of persons with disabilities, nongovernmental organizations working in this area, or, if such organizations do not exist, persons with disabilities, in the development, execution, and evaluation of measures and policies to implement this Convention
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
13.1
Every citizen shall have the right to participate freely in the government of his country, either directly of through freely chosen representatives in accordance with the provisions of the law.
13.2
Every citizen shall have the right of equal access to the public service of his country.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
7
Every child who is capable of communicating his or her own views shall be assured the rights to express his opinions freely in all matters and to disseminate his opinions subject to such restrictions as are prescribed by laws.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
9.1
States Parties shall take specific positive action to promote participative governance and the equal participation of women in the political life of their countries through affirmative action, enabling national legislation and other measures to ensure that:
9.1.a
women participate without any discrimination in all elections;
9.1.b
women are represented equally at all levels with men in all electoral processes;
9.1.c
women are equal partners with men at all levels of development and implementation of State policies and development programmes.
9.2
States Parties shall ensure increased and effective representation and participation of women at all levels of decision-making.
17.1
Women shall have the right to live in a positive cultural context and to participate at all levels in the determination of cultural policies
17.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to enhance the participation of women in the formulation of cultural policies at all levels.
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.a
ensure greater participation of women in the planning, management and preservation of the environment and the sustainable use of natural resources at all levels;
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.b
ensure participation of women at all levels in the conceptualisation, decision-making, implementation and evaluation of development policies and programmes;
联合国气候变化框架公约
联合国气候变化框架公约
4.1
All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall:
4.1.i
所有缔约方，考虑到它们共同但有区别的责任，以及各自具体的国家和区域发展优先顺序、目标和情况，应：促进和合作进行与气候变化有关的教育、培训和提高公众意识的工作，并鼓励人们对这个过程最广泛参与，包括鼓励各种非政府组织的参与；
6
在履行第四条第 1 款(i)项下的承诺时，各缔约方应：
6.a
在国家一级并酌情在次区域和区域一级，根据国家法律和规定，并在 各自的能力范围内，促进和便利；
6.a.i
разработку и осуществление программ просвещения и информирования общественности но проблемам изменения климата и его последствий
6.a.ii
доступ общественности к информации об изменении климата и его последствиях
6.a.iii
участие общественности в рассмотрении вопросов изменения климата и его последствий и в разработке соответствующих мер реагирования
6.b
在国际一级，酌情利用现有的机构，在下列领域进行合作并促进；
6.b.i
разработке материалов для целей просвещения и информирования общественности но вопросам изменения климата и его последствии и обмене такими материалами
6.b.ii
拟订和实施教育和培训计划，包括加强国内机构和交流或借调 人员来特别是为发展中国家培训这方面的专家。
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.j
Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
14.1
Each Contracting Party, as far as possible and as appropriate, shall:
14.1.a
Introduce appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likeiy to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where appropriate. allow for public participation in such procedures;
16.8

扩大和加强发展中国家对全球治理机构的参与。

Indicators
16.8.1
发展中国家在国际组织成员和投票权中的百分比
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
28
人人有权要求一种社会的和国际的秩序，在这种秩序中，本宣言所载的权利和自由能获得充分实现。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
1.1
所有人民都有自决权。他们凭这种权利自由决定他们的政治地位，并自由谋求他们的经济、社会和文化的发展。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
1.1
所有人民都有自决权。他们凭这种权利自由决定他们的政治地位，并自由谋求他们的经济、社会和文化的发展。
16.9

到2030年，为所有人提供法律身份，包括出生登记。

Indicators
16.9.1
在民政机构做了出生登记的5岁以下儿童百分比(按年龄分列)
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
15.1
人人有权享有国籍。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
24.2
每一儿童出生后就立即加以登记，并应有一个名字。
24.3
每一儿童有权取得一个国籍。
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.d 其他公民权利，其尤著者为：
5.d.iii
享有国籍的权利。
CRC
儿童权利公约
7.1
儿童出生后应立即登记，并有自出生起获得姓名的权利，有获得国籍的权利，以及尽可能知道谁是其父母并受其父母照料的权利。
7.2
缔约国应确保这些权利按照本国法律及其根据有关国际文书在这一领域承担的义务予以实施，尤应注意不如此儿童即无国籍之情形。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
9.1
缔约各国应给予妇女与男子有取得、改变或保留国籍的同等权利。它们应特别保证，与外国人结婚或于婚姻存续期间丈夫改变国籍均不当然改变妻子的国籍，使她成为无国籍人，或把丈夫的国籍强加于她。
9.2
缔约各方在关于子女的国籍方面，应给予妇女与男子平等的权利。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
18.1 缔约国应当确认残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上有权自由迁徙、自由选择居所和享有国籍，包括确保残疾人:
18.1.a
有权获得和变更国籍，国籍不被任意剥夺或因残疾而被剥夺。
18.1 缔约国应当确认残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上有权自由迁徙、自由选择居所和享有国籍，包括确保残疾人:
18.1.b
不因残疾而被剥夺获得、拥有和使用国籍证件或其他身份证件的能力，或利用相关程序，如移民程序的能力，这些能力可能是便利行使迁徙自由权所必要的。
18.2
残疾儿童出生后应当立即予以登记，从出生起即应当享有姓名权利，享有获得国籍的权利，并尽可能享有知悉父母并得到父母照顾的权利。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
6
每个土著人都有权拥有国籍。
33.1
土著人民有权按照其习俗和传统，决定自己的身份或归属。这并不妨碍 土著人获得居住国公民资格的权利。
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
4.2
The Parties undertake to adopt, where necessary, adequate measures in order to promote, in all areas of economic, social, political and cultural life, full and effective equality between persons belonging to a national minority and those belonging to the majority. In this respect, they shall take due account of the specific conditions of the persons belonging to national minorities.
11.1
The Parties undertake to recognise that every person belonging to a national minority has the right to use his or her surname (patronym) and first names in the minority language and the right to official recognition of them, according to modalities provided for in their legal system.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
XVII
Every person has the right to be recognized everywhere as a person having rights and obligations, and to enjoy the basic civil rights.
XIX
Every person has the right to the nationality to which he is entitled by law and to change it, if he so wishes, for the nationality of any other country that is willing to grant it to him.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
3
Every person has the right to recognition as a person before the law.
18
Every person has the right to a given name and to the surnames of his parents or that of one of them. The law shall regulate the manner in which this right shall be ensured for all, by the use of assumed names if necessary.
20.1
Every person has the right to a nationality.
20.2
Every person has the right to the nationality of the state in whose territory he was born if he does not have the right to any other nationality.
20.3
No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality or of the right to change it.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3.1
Every individual shall be equal before the law.
5
Every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman of degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
6.2
Every child shall be registered immediately after birth
6.3
Every child has the right to acquire a nationality. State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to ensure that their Constitutional legislation recognize the principles according to which a child shall acquire the nationality of the State in the territory of which he has been born if, at the time of the child’s birth he is not granted nationality by any other State in accordance with its laws.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
3.1
Every woman shall have the right to dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition and protection of her human and legal rights.
16.a

通过开展国际合作等方式加强相关国家机制，在各层级提高各国尤其是发展中国家的能力建设，以预防暴力，打击恐怖主义和犯罪行为。

Indicators
16.a.1
符合《巴黎原则》的独立的国家人权机构的存在
 UNDHRD
人权维护者宣言
2.1
每个国家负有首要责任和义务保护 促进和实现一切人权和基本自由,除其他外, 应采取可能必要的步骤,在社会 经济 政治以及其他领域创造一切必要条件,建立必要的 法律保障,以确保在其管辖下的所有人能单独地和与他人一起在实际享受所有这些权利与 自由
2.1 每个国家负有首要责任和义务保护 促进和实现一切人权和基本自由,除其他外, 应采取可能必要的步骤,在社会 经济 政治以及其他领域创造一切必要条件,建立必要的 法律保障,以确保在其管辖下的所有人能单独地和与他人一起在实际享受所有这些权利与 自由
2.2
每一国家均应采取可能必要的立法 行政和其他步骤,以确保本宣言所提的权利和 自由得到有效的保证
9.1
在行使人权和基本自由 包括如本宣言所提促进和保护人权时,人人有权单独地和 与他人一起援引有效的补救措施,并在这些权利遭到侵犯时得到保护
9.1 在行使人权和基本自由 包括如本宣言所提促进和保护人权时,人人有权单独地和 与他人一起援引有效的补救措施,并在这些权利遭到侵犯时得到保护
9.2
为此目的,声称其权利或自由受侵犯的所有人均有权自己或通过法律认可代表向 一依法设立的独立 公正的主管司法当局或其他当局提出申诉,并要求该当局通过公开听讯 迅速审理申诉,依法作出裁判,如判定该人权利或自由确实受到侵犯,则提供补偿,包括任何 应得的赔偿,以及执行最终裁判和赔偿,一切均不得有不当延误
9.1 在行使人权和基本自由 包括如本宣言所提促进和保护人权时,人人有权单独地和 与他人一起援引有效的补救措施,并在这些权利遭到侵犯时得到保护
9.3 为了同一目的,人人有权单独地和与他人一起:
9.3.a
通过诉状或其他适当手段,向国内主管司法 行政 立法当局或该国法律制度授权 的任何其他主管当局,对个别官员和政府机构的违反人权和基本自由的政策和行为提出申 诉,有关当局应对申诉作出裁判,不得有不当延误;
9.1 在行使人权和基本自由 包括如本宣言所提促进和保护人权时,人人有权单独地和 与他人一起援引有效的补救措施,并在这些权利遭到侵犯时得到保护
9.3 为了同一目的,人人有权单独地和与他人一起:
9.3.b
出席公开听讯 诉讼和审判,以便确定其是否符合国内法律和适用的国际义务和承 诺;
9.1 在行使人权和基本自由 包括如本宣言所提促进和保护人权时,人人有权单独地和 与他人一起援引有效的补救措施,并在这些权利遭到侵犯时得到保护
9.3 为了同一目的,人人有权单独地和与他人一起:
9.3.c
为保护人权和基本自由给予并提供具有专业水准的法律援助或其他有关的咨询意 见和援助
9.1 在行使人权和基本自由 包括如本宣言所提促进和保护人权时,人人有权单独地和 与他人一起援引有效的补救措施,并在这些权利遭到侵犯时得到保护
9.5
国家如有合理根据,认为在其管辖的任何领土内发生了侵犯人权和基本自由的行 为,应立即 公正地进行调查,或确保这样的查究得以进行
12.2
国家应采取一切必要措施确保主管当局保护每一个人,无论单独地或与他人一起, 不因其合法行使本宣言中所指权利而遭受任何暴力 威胁 报复 事实上或法律上的恶意 歧视 压力或任何其他任意行为的侵犯
12.1 人人有权单独地和与他人一起参加反对侵犯人权和基本自由的和平活动
12.3
在这方面,在以和平手段作出反应或反对造成侵犯人权和基本自由的可归咎于国 家的活动和作为,包括不作为,以及反对群体或个人犯下暴力行为影响人权和基本自由的享 受时,人人有权单独地和与他人一起受到国内法律的有效保护
14.3
国家应在其管辖的所有领土上,保证并酌情支持建立和发展更多促进和保护人权 和基本自由的独立国家机构,不论是监察专员 人权委员会或任何其他形式的国家机构
15
国家有责任促进和便利各级教育机构中的人权和基本自由的教学,确保所有负责培训 律师 执法官员 武装部队人员和政府官员的培训人员把适当的人权教学内容列入他们的 培训方案
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
2.2
本公约缔约国承允遇现行立法或其他措施尚无规定时，各依本国宪法程序，并遵照本公约规定，采取必要步骤，制定必要之立法或其他措施，以实现本公约所确认之权利。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
11.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。
Aarhus Convention
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
4.8
每个缔约方均可允许自己的公共当 局收取提供信息的费用， 但收费不得超过合 理的数额。准备收取信息提供费用的公共当 局应向请求人提供一份可能收取的费用明细 表， 列出收费的情况和免收的情况， 并说明 在什么情况下须先收到预付款才提供信息。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
4.10
The Parties may promote knowledge of the provisions of the present Agreement in other international forums related to environmental matters, in accordance with the rules of each forum.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
25
States parties to the present Charter shall have the duty to promote and ensure through teaching, education and publication, the respect of the rights and freedoms contained in the present Charter and to see to it that these freedoms and rights as well as corresponding obligations and duties are understood.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
26.2
States Parties undertake to adopt all necessary measures and in particular shall provide budgetary and other resources for the full and effective implementation of the rights herein recognised
16.b

推动和实施非歧视性法律和政策以促进可持续发展。

Indicators
16.b.1
报告在过去12个月内亲身感受到因国际人权法所禁止的歧视理由而受到歧视或骚扰人口的百分比(按年龄组和性别分列)
 UNDHRD
人权维护者宣言
1
人人有权单独地和与他人一起在国家和国际各级促进 争取保护和实现人权和基本自 由
8.1
人人有权单独地和与他人一起,在不歧视的基础上得到有效机会,参加治理国事, 管理公共事务
8.1 人人有权单独地和与他人一起,在不歧视的基础上得到有效机会,参加治理国事, 管理公共事务
8.2
这特别包括有权单独地和与他人一起向政府机构 机关和负责公共事务的组织提 出批评和建议,以便改进其运作,提请人们注意其工作中可能阻挠或妨碍促进 保护和实现 人权和基本自由的任何方面
UDHR
世界人权宣言
2
人人有资格享受本宣言所载的一切权利和自由，不分种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身份等任何区别。并且不得因一人所属的国家或领土的政治的、行政的或者国际的地位之不同而有所区别，无论该领土是独立领土、托管领土、非自治领土或者处于其他任何主权受限制的情况之下。
21.1
人人有直接或通过自由选择的代表参与治理本国的权利。
21.2
人人有平等获取所在国家公共服务的权利。
22
每个人、作为社会的一员，有权享受社会保障，并有权享受他的个人尊严和人格的自由发展所必需的经济、社会和文化方面各种权利的实现，这种实现是通过国家努力和国际合作并依照各国的组织和资源情况。
25.1
人人有权享受为维持他本人和家属的健康和福利所需的生活水准，包括食物、衣著、住房、医疗和必要的社会服务；在遭到失业、疾病、残废、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情况下丧失谋生能力时，有权享受保障。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
2.1
本公约每一缔约国承担尊重和保证在其领土内和受其管辖的一切个人享有本公约所承认的权利，不分种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身份等任何区别。
2.2
本公约缔约国承允遇现行立法或其他措施尚无规定时，各依本国宪法程序，并遵照本公约规定，采取必要步骤，制定必要之立法或其他措施，以实现本公约所确认之权利。
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.a
直接或通过自由选择的代表参与公共事务；
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.b
在真正的定期的选举中选举和被选举，这种选举应是普遍的和平等的并以无记名投票方式进行，以保证选举人的意志的自由表达；
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.c
在一般的平等的条件下，参加本国公务。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
2.1
每一缔约国家承担尽最大能力个别采取步骤或经由国际援助和合作，特别是经济和技术方面的援助和合作，采取步骤，以便用一切适当方法，尤其包括用立法方法，逐渐达到本公约中所承认的权利的充分实现。
2.2
本公约缔约各国承担保证，本公约所宣布的权利应予普遍行使，而不得有例如种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身分等任何区分。
9
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享受社会保障，包括社会保险。
11.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。
11.2
本公约缔约各国既确认人人享有免于饥饿的基本权利，应为下列目的，个别采取必要的措施或经由国际合作采取必要的措施，包括具体的计划在内：
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
1.1
本公约称“"种族歧视”者，谓基于种族、肤色、世系或民族或人种的任何区别、排斥、限制或优惠，其目的或效果为取消或损害政治、经济、社会、文化或公共生活任何其他方面人权及基本自由在平等地位上的承认、享受或行使。
1.4
专为使若干须予必要保护的种族或民族团体或个人获得充分进展而采取的特别措施以期确保此等团体或个人同等享受或行使人权及基本自由者，不得视为种族歧视，但此等措施的后果须不致在不同种族团体间保持各别行使的权利，且此等措施不得于所定目的达成后继续实行。
2.2
缔约国应于情况需要时在社会经济、文化及其他方面，采取特别具体措施确保属于各该国的若干种族团体或个人获得充分发展与保护，以期保证此等团体与个人完全并同等享受人权及基本自由，此等措施于所定目的达成后，绝不得产生在不同种族团体间保持不平等或个别行使权利的后果。
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.A
在法庭上及其他一切司法裁判机关中平等待遇的权利。
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.c
政治权利，其尤著者为依据普遍平等投票权参与选举——选举与竞选——参加政府以及参加处理任何等级的公务与同等服公务的权利。
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.e 经济、社会及文化权利，其尤著者为：
5.e.i
工作、自由选择职业、享受公平优裕的工作条件、免于失业的保障、同工同酬、获得公平优裕报酬的权利。
6
缔约国应保证在其管辖范围内，人人均能经由国内主管法庭及其他国家机关对违反本公约侵害其人权及基本自由的任何种族歧视行为，获得有效保护与救济，并有权就因此种歧视而遭受的任何损失向此等法庭请求公允充分的赔偿或补偿。
CRC
儿童权利公约
2.1
缔约国应遵守本公约所载列的权利，并确保其管辖范围内的每一儿童均享受此种权利，不因儿童或其父母或法定监护人的种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、民族、族裔或社会出身、财产、伤残、出生或其他身份而有任何差别。
2.2
缔约国应采取一切适当措施确保儿童得到保护，不受基于儿童父母、法定监护人或家庭成员的身份、活动、所表达的观点或信仰而加诸的一切形式的歧视或惩罚。
4
缔约国应采取一切适当的立法、行政和其他以实现本公约所确认的权利。关于经济、社会及文化权利，缔约国应根据其现有资源所允许的最大限度并视需要在国际合作范围内采取此类措施。
19.1
缔约国应采取一切适当的立法、行政、社会和教育措施，保护儿童在受父母；法定监护人或其他任何负责照管儿童的人的照料时，不致受到任何形式的身心摧残、伤害或凌辱，忽视或照料不周，虐待或剥削，包括性侵犯。

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