Click on goal, target or instrument to expand details.
Use switch to change which column to be first.
Show first:
Targets
instruments
目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

保护和可持续利用海洋和海洋资源以促进可持续发展

 14.4

到2020年，有效规范捕捞活动，终止过度捕捞、非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动以及破坏性捕捞做法，执行科学的管理计划，以便在尽可能短的时间内使鱼群量至少恢复到其生态特征允许的能产生最高可持续产量的水平。

Indicators
14.4.1
在生物可持续产量水平范围内的鱼类种群的比例
 UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
61.1
沿海国应决定其专属经济区内生物资源的可捕量。
61.2
沿海国参照其可得到的最可靠的科学证据,应通过正当的养护和管理措施,确保专属经济区内生物资源的维持不受过度开发的危害。在适当情形下,沿海国和各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,应为此目的进行合作。
61.3
这种措施的目的也应在包括沿海渔民社区的经济需要和发展中国家的特殊要求在内的各种有关的环境和经济因素的限制下,使捕捞鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到能够生产最高持续产量的水平,并考虑到捕捞方式、种群的相互依存以及任何一般建议的国际最低标准,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的。
61.4
沿海国在采取这种措施时,应考虑到与所捕捞鱼种有关联或依赖该鱼种而生存的鱼种所受的影响,以便使这些有关联或依赖的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到其繁殖不会受严重威胁的水平以上。
61.5
在适当情形下,应通过各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,并在所有有关国家,包括其国民获准在专属经济区捕鱼的国家参加下,经常提供和交换可获得的科学情报、渔获量和渔捞努力量统计,以及其他有关养护鱼的种群的资料。
62.1
沿海国应在不妨害第六十一条的情形下促进专属经济区内生物资源最适度利用的目的。
62.2
沿海国应决定其捕捞专属经济区内生物资源的能力。沿海国在没有能力捕捞全部可捕量的情形下,应通过协定或其他安排,并根据第 4 款所指的条款、条件、法律和规章,准许其他国家捕捞可捕量的剩余部分,特别顾及第六十九和第七十条的规定,尤其是关于其中所提到的发展中国家的部分。
62.3
沿海国在根据本条准许其他国家进入其专属经济区时,应考虑到所有有关因素,除其他外,包括:该区域的生物资源对有关沿海国的经济和其他国家利益的重要性,第六十九和第七十条的规定,该分区域或区域内的发展中国家捕捞一部分剩余量的要求,以及尽量减轻其国民惯常在专属经济区捕鱼或曾对研究和测定种群做过大量工作的国家经济失调现象的需要。
62.4
在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.b
决定可捕鱼种,和确定渔获量的限额,不论是关于特定种群或多种种群或 一定期间的单船渔获量,或关于特定期间内任何国家国民的渔获量;
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.c
规定渔汛和渔区,可使用渔具的种类、大小和数量以及渔船的种类、大小 和数目;
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.d
确定可捕鱼类和其他鱼种的年龄和大小
62.4.f
要求在沿海国授权和控制下进行特定渔业研究计划,并管理这种研究的进 行,其中包括渔获物抽样、样品处理和相关科学资料的报告;
62.4.k
执行程序。
64.1
沿海国和其国民在区域内捕捞附件一所列的高度回游鱼种的其他国家应直接或通过适当国际组织进行合作,以期确保在专属经济区以内和以外的整个区域内的这种鱼种的养护和促进最适度利用这种鱼种的目标。在没有适当的国际组织存在的区域内,沿海国和其国民在区域内捕捞这些鱼种的其他国家,应合作设立这种组织并参加其工作。
65
本部分的任何规定并不限制沿海国的权利或国际组织的职权,对捕捉海洋哺乳动物执行较本部分规定更为严格的、禁止限制或管制。各国应进行合作,以期养护海洋哺乳动物,在有关鲸目动物方面,尤应通过适当的国际组织,致力于这种动物的养护、管理和研究。
66.2
溯河产卵种群的鱼源国,应制订关于在其专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的一切水域中的捕捞和关于第 3 款(b)项中所规定的捕捞的适当管理措施,以确保这种种群的养护。鱼源国可与第 3 和第 4 款所指的捕捞这些种群的其他国家协商后,确定源自其河流的种群的总可捕量。
66.4
在溯河产卵种群回游进入或通过鱼源国以外国家的专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的水域的情形下,该国应在养护和管理这种种群方面同鱼源国进行合作。
67.1
降河产卵鱼种在其水域内度过大部分生命周期的沿海国,应有责任管理这些鱼种,并应确保回游鱼类的出入。
117
所有国家均有义务为各该国国民采取,或与其他国家合作采取养护公海生物资源的必要措施。
118
各国应互相合作以养护和管理公海区域内的生物资源。凡其国民开发相同生物资源,或在同一区域内开发不同生物资源的国家,应进行谈判,以期采取养护有关生物资源的必要措施。为此目的,这些国家应在适当情形下进行合作,以设立分区域或区域渔业组织。
119.1
在对公海生物资源决定可捕量和制订其他养护措施时,各国应:
119.1.a
采取措施,其目的在于根据有关国家可得到的最可靠的科学证据,并在包括发展中国家的特殊要求在内的各种有关环境和经济因素的限制下,使捕捞的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到能够生产最高持续产量的水平,并考虑到捕捞方式、种群的相互依存以及任何一般建议的国际最低标准,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的;
119.1.b
考虑到与所捕捞鱼种有关联或依赖该鱼种而生存的鱼种所受的影响,以便使这种有关联或依赖的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到其繁殖不会受严重威胁的水平以上。
119.3
有关国家应确保养护措施及其实施不在形式上或事实上对任何国家的渔民有所歧视。
14.5

到2020年，根据国内和国际法，并基于现有的最佳科学资料，保护至少10%的沿海和海洋区域。

Indicators
14.5.1
保护区面积占海洋区域的比例
 UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
29.1
土著人民有权养护和保护其土地或领土和资源的环境和生产能力。各国 应不加歧视地制定和执行援助土著人民进行这种养护和保护的方案。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.f
scientific, technical or technological reports, studies and information on environmental matters produced by academic and research institutions, whether public or private, national or foreign;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.g
climate change sources aimed at building national capacities;
6.7
Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.a
information on the state of the environment and natural resources, including quantitative data, where possible;
6.7 Each Party shall use its best endeavours to publish and disseminate at regular intervals, not exceeding five years, a national report on the state of the environment, which may contain:
6.7.z
Such reports shall be drafted in an easily comprehensible manner and accessible to the public in different formats and disseminated through appropriate means, taking into account cultural realities. Each Party may invite the public to make contributions to these reports.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.a
train authorities and civil servants on environmental access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.c
provide the competent institutions and entities with adequate equipment and resources;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.g
strengthen capabilities to collect, retain and evaluate environmental information.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.1
Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.a
Establish a system of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity;
8.b
Develop, where necessary, guidelines for the selection, establishment and management of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity;
8.c
Regulate or manage biological resources important for the conservation of biological diversity whether within or outside protected areas, with a view to ensuring their conservation and sustainable use;
8.d
Promote the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations of species in natural surroundings;
8.e
Promote environmentally sound and sustainable development in areas adjacent to protected areas with a view to furthering protection of these areas;
8.f
Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies;
8.g
Establish or maintain means to regulate, manage or control the risks associated with the use and release of living modified organisms resulting from biotechnology which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts that could affect the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account the risks to human health;
8.h
Prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species;
8.i
Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.j
Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.k
Develop or maintain necessary legislation and/or other regulatory provisions for the protection of threatened species and populations
8.l
Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
8.m
Cooperate in providing financial and other support for in-situ conservation outlined in subparagraphs (a) to (1) above, particularly to developing countries
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
2.1
本《公约》的目标是在发生严重干旱和／或荒漠化的国家，特别是在非洲防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响，为此要在所有各级采取有效措施，辅之以在符合《二十一世纪议程》的综合办法框架内建立的国际合作和伙伴关系安排，以期协助受影响地区实现可持续发展。
2.2
实现这项目标将包括一项长期的综合战略，同时在受影响地区重点提高土地生产力，恢 复、保护并以可持续的方式管理土地和水资源，从而改善特别是社区一级的生活条件。
3
为实现本《公约》的目标和履行本《公约》各项规定，缔约方除其他外应以下列为指导：
3.c
_x0007_缔约方应当本着伙伴关系的精神在政府所有各级、社区、非政府组织和土地所有者之 间发展合作，更好地认识受影响地区土地资源和稀缺的水资源的性质和价值，并争取 以可持续的方式利用这些资源；及
4.2
为实现本《公约》的目标，缔约方应：
4.2.d
)تعزيز التعاون فيما بني الأطراف من البلدان املتأثرة في ميادين احلماية البيئية وحفظ املوارد من الأراضي واملوارد املائية، من حيث صلتها بالتصحر واجلفاف؛
10.4
考虑到各个受影响国家缔约方有其具体的情况和要求，国家行动方案，除其他外，酌情 包括下列某些或所有涉及在受影响地区防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响、涉及其人口的优先领 域措施：提倡另谋生计并改善国家经济环境，以争取加强消灭贫困方案，加强粮食保障； 人口动态；以可持续方式管理自然资源；实行可持续的农业方式；开发和高效率地使用各 种能源；体制和法律框架；加强评估和系统观察能力包括水文和气象服务以及能力建设、 教育和公众意识。
Ramsar convention
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
3.1
The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.
4.1
Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.
4.2
Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.
4.3
The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.
4.4
The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.
4.5
The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
61.2
沿海国参照其可得到的最可靠的科学证据,应通过正当的养护和管理措施,确保专属经济区内生物资源的维持不受过度开发的危害。在适当情形下,沿海国和各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,应为此目的进行合作。
192
各国有保护和保全海洋环境的义务。
193
各国有依据其环境政策和按照其保护和保全海洋环境的职责开发其自然资源的主权权利。
194.1
各国应适当情形下个别或联合地采取一切符合本公约的必要措施,防止、减少和控制任何来源的海洋环境污染,为此目的,按照其能力使用其所掌握的最切实可行方法,并应在这方面尽力协调它们的政策。
194.2
各国应采取一切必要措施,确保在其管辖或控制下的活动的进行不致使其他国家及其环境遭受污染的损害,并确保在其管辖或控制范围内的事件或活动所造成的污染不致扩大到其按照本公约行使主权权利的区域之外。
194.5
按照本部分采取的措施,应包括为保护和保全稀有或脆弱的生态系统,以及衰竭、受威胁或有灭绝危险的物种和其他形式的海洋生物的生存环境,而有很必要的措施。
14.6

到2020年，禁止某些助长过剩产能和过度捕捞的渔业补贴，取消助长非法、未报告和无管制捕捞活动的补贴，避免出台新的这类补贴，同时承认给予发展中国家和最不发达国家合理、有效的特殊和差别待遇应是世界贸易组织渔业补贴谈判的一个不可或缺的组成部分。

Indicators
14.6.1
为打击非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动在执行国际文 书的程度上所取得的进展
 ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基於互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基于互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
6
Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.a
Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned;
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.b
Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.i
Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8.l
Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
14.7

到2030年，增加小岛屿发展中国家和最不发达国家通过可持续利用海洋资源获得的经济收益，包括可持续地管理渔业、水产养殖业和旅游业。

Indicators
14.7.1
小岛屿发展中国家、最不发达国家和所有国家的可持续渔业占国内总产值的比例
 ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基於互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基于互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
21.1
All peoples shall freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources. This right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people. In no case shall a people be deprived of it.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
6
Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.a
Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned;
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.b
Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.i
Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8.l
Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
20.5
The Parties shall take full account of the specific needs and special situation of least developed countries in their actions with regard to funding and transfer of technology.
20.6
The Contracting Parties shall also take into consideration the special conditions resulting from the dependence on, distribution and location of biological diversity within developing country Parties, in particular small island States.
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
70.1
地理不利国应有权在公平的基础上参与开发同一分区域或区域的沿海国专属经济区的生物资源的适当剩余部分,同时考虑到所有有关国家的相关经济和地理情况,并遵守本条及第六十一和第六十二条的规定。
14.a

根据政府间海洋学委员会《海洋技术转让标准和准则》，增加科学知识，培养研究能力和转让海洋技术，以便改善海洋的健康，增加海洋生物多样性对发展中国家，特别是小岛屿发展中国家和最不发达国家发展的贡献。

Indicators
14.a.1
对海洋技术领域研究的预算分配数占研究活动预算总额的百分比
 ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
15.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权：
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
15.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为保存、发展和传播科学和文化所必需的步骤。
15.3
本公约缔约各国承担尊重进行科学研究和创造性活动所不可缺少的自由。
15.4
本公约缔约各国认识到鼓励和发展科学与文化方面的国际接触和合作的好处。
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
XIII
Every person has the right to take part in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts, and to participate in the benefits that result from intellectual progress, especially scientific discoveries. He likewise has the right to the protection of his moral and material interests as regards his inventions or any literary, scientific or artistic works of which he is the author.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
14.1
The States Parties to this Protocol recognize the right of everyone:
14.1.b
To enjoy the benefits of scientific and technological progress;
14.4
The States Parties to this Protocol recognize the benefits to be derived from the encouragement and development of international cooperation and relations in the fields of science, arts and culture, and accordingly agree to foster greater international cooperation in these fields.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
12
The Contracting Parties, taking into account the special needs of developing countries, shall:
12.a
Establish and maintain programmes for scientific and technical education and training in measures for the identification, conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and its components and provide support for such education and training for the specific needs of developing countries;
12.b
Promote and encourage research which contributes to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, particularly in developing countries, inter alia, in accordance with decisions of the Conference of the Parties taken in consequence of recommendations of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice;
12.c
In keeping with the provisions of Articles 16. 13 and 20. promote and cooperate in the use of scientific advances in biological diversity research in developing methods for conservation and sustainable use of biological resources;
17.1
The Contracting Parties shall facilitate the exchange of information, from all publicly available sources, relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking into account the special needs of developing countries.
17.2
Such exchange of information shall include exchange of results of technical, scientific and socio-economic research, as well as information on training and surveying programmes, specialized knowledge, indigenous and traditional knowledge as such and in combination with the technologies referred to in Article 16, paragraph 1. It shall also, where feasible, include repatriation of information .
18.1
The Contracting Parties shall promote international technical and scientific cooperation in the field of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, where necessary, through the appropriate international and national institutions.
18.2
Each Contracting Party shall promote technical and scientific cooperation with other Contracting Parties, in particular developing countries, in implementing this Convention, inter alia, through the development and implementation of national policies. In promoting such cooperation, special attention should be given to the development and strengthening of national capabilities, by means of human resources development and institution building.
18.3
The Conference of the Parties, at its first meeting, shall determine how to establish a clearing-house mechanism to promote and facilitate technical and scientific cooperation.
18.4
The Contracting Parties shall, in accordance with national legislation and policies, encourage and develop methods of cooperation for the development and use of technologies, including indigenous and traditional technologies, in pursuance of the objectives of this Convention. For this purpose, the Contracting Parties shall also promote cooperation in the training of personnel and exchange of experts.
18.5
The Contracting Parties shall, subject to mutual agreement, promote the establishment of joint researcn programmes and joint ventures for the development of technologies relevant to the objectives of this Convention.
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
200
各国应直接或通过主管国际组织进行合作,以促进研究、实施科学研究方案、并鼓励交换所取得的关于海洋环境污染的情报和资料。各国应尽力积极参加区域性和全球性方案,以取得有关鉴定污染的性质和范围、面临污染的情况以及其通过的途径、危险和补救办法的知识。
202
各国应直接或通过主管国际组织:
202.a
促进对发展中国家的科学、教育、技术和其他方面援助的方案,以保护和 保全海洋环境,并防止、减少和控制海洋污染。这种援助,除其他外,应包括:
202.a.i
training of their scientific and technical personnel;
202.a.ii
facilitating their participation in relevant international programmes;
202.a.iii
supplying them with necessary equipment and facilities;
202.a.iv
enhancing their capacity to manufacture such equipment;
202.a.v
就研究、监测、教育和其他方案提供意见并发展设施。
202.b
提供适当的援助,特别是对发展中国家,以尽量减少可能对海洋环境造成严重严重污染的重大事故的影响。
202.c
提供关于编制环境评价的适当援助,特别是对发展中国家。
14.b

向小规模个体渔民提供获取海洋资源和市场准入机会。

Indicators
14.b.1
在通过和执行承认小规模渔业并保护其市场准入权利的法律/监管/政策/制度框架方面取得的进展的程度
 UNDROP
UN Declaration on Rights of Peasants
5.1
根据本《宣言》第二十八条，农民和农村地区其他劳动者有权获得并 以可持续的方式使用享有适当生活条件所需的社区内自然资源。他们还有权参与 这些资源的管理
5.2
国家应采取措施，确保对农民和农村地区其他劳动者一贯持有或使用 的自然资源有影响的任何开发活动须符合但不限于下列条件：
5.2.a
对社会和环境影响作出适当评估
5.2.b
已根据本《宣言》第二条第 3 款进行了诚意协商；
5.2.c
已根据双方同意的条件，确定了自然资源开发方与农民和农村地区其 他劳动者之间公平和公正地共享资源开发利益的模式
12.5
国家应向农民和农村地区其他劳动者提供有效机制，防范和补救任何 意图或实际侵犯其人权、任意剥夺其土地和自然资源或剥夺其维生手段和人身完 整的行动，以及任何形式的强迫定居或人口迁移。
13.1
农民和农村地区其他劳动者享有工作权，包括自由选择谋生方式的权
13.5
国家应考虑到农民农业和小规模渔业的具体特性，酌情划拨适当的资 源以确保劳动监察机构能在农村地区切实开展工作，从而监督对劳动法的遵守情 况
17.1
根据本《宣言》第二十八条，农民和其他在农村地区生活的人单独和 (或)集体享有土地权，包括有权进入、可持续地利用和管理土地及其中的水域、 近岸海洋、渔场、牧场和森林，达到适当生活水准，有安全和平且有尊严地生活 的居所，发展自身的文化
17.2
国家应采取适当措施，消除和禁止土地权方面的一切形式歧视，包括 因婚姻状况变更、缺乏法律行为能力或无法获得经济资源而导致的歧视。
17.3
国家应采取适当措施，在法律上承认土地保有权，包括当前不受法律 保护的习惯土地保有权，承认存在不同的模式和制度。国家应保护合法的保有 权，确保不任意或非法驱逐农民和农村地区其他劳动者，并确保不会以其他方式 取消或侵犯他们的权利。国家应承认和保护自然共有物及其相关的集体使用和管 理制度。
17.4
农民和农村地区其他劳动者有权受到保护，免于被任意非法赶出自己 的土地或惯常居住地，或失去他们活动中所使用的、享受适当生活条件所必需的 其他自然资源。国家应将符合国际人权法和人道主义法的流离失所防范保护措施 纳入国家法律。国家应禁止任意和非法强迫迁离、毁坏农业用地以及没收或征用 土地和其他自然资源，包括禁止作为惩罚措施或战争手段实施上述行为。
17.5
被任意或非法剥夺土地的农民和农村地区其他劳动者有权单独和(或)集 体、与他人一起或作为一个群体返回他们被任意或非法剥夺的土地，包括在发生 自然灾害和(或)武装冲突的情况下，并尽可能恢复对他们用于活动和享受适当生 活条件所需的自然资源的使用权，或在无法返回时得到公正、公平和合法的赔 偿。
17.6
在适当情况下，国家应采取适当措施开展土地改革，以促进农民和农 村地区其他劳动者广泛和公平地获得享受适当生活条件所需的土地和其他自然资 源，并应考虑到土地的社会职能，限制土地的过度集中和对土地的过度控制。在 分配公共土地、渔场和森林时，应优先考虑无地农民、年轻人、小规模渔民和其 他农村劳动者。
17.7
国家应采取措施，力求通过生态农业等方法，养护和可持续地使用农 民和农村地区其他劳动者用于生产的土地和其他自然资源，并确保为生物以及其 他自然能力的再生和循环提供有利条件。
18.1
农民和农村地区其他劳动者有权养护和保护环境和自己土地的生产能 力，有权养护和保护自己使用和管理的资源。
20.1
国家应按照相关的国际义务采取适当措施，防止生物多样性枯竭，确 保养护和可持续利用生物多样性，以促进和保护农民和农村地区其他劳动者充分 享有权利。
21.2
农民和农村地区其他劳动者有权获得水源以供个人和家庭使用、耕 作、养鱼和饲养牲畜，并且有权保障其他与水有关的生计，从而确保养护、恢复 并可持续地使用水资源。他们有权公平使用水源和水管理体系，免遭任意断水或 水源污染。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
6.1
本公约缔约各国承认工作权，包括人人应有机会凭其自由选择和接受的工作来谋生的权利，并将采取适当步骤来保障这一权利。
11.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
5
缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.e
经济、社会及文化权利，其尤著者为：
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.e 经济、社会及文化权利，其尤著者为：
5.e.i
工作、自由选择职业、享受公平优裕的工作条件、免于失业的保障、同工同酬、获得公平优裕报酬的权利。
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.e 经济、社会及文化权利，其尤著者为：
5.e.vi
享受公共健康、医疗救助、社会保障及社会服务的权利。
CRC
儿童权利公约
27.1
缔约国确认每个儿童均有权享有足以促进其生理、心理、精神、道德和社会发展的生活水平。
27.3
缔约国按照本国条件并其能力范围内，应采取适当措施帮助父母或其他负责照顾儿童的人实现此项权利，并在需要时提供物质援助和支助方案，特别是在营养、衣着和住房方面。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
11.1
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在就业方面对妇女的歧视，以保证她们在男女平等的基础上享有相同权利，特别是：
11.1 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在就业方面对妇女的歧视，以保证她们在男女平等的基础上享有相同权利，特别是：
11.1.a
人人有不可剥夺的工作权利。
11.1 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在就业方面对妇女的歧视，以保证她们在男女平等的基础上享有相同权利，特别是：
11.1.b
享有相同就业机会的权利，包括在就业方面相同的甄选标准。
11.1 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在就业方面对妇女的歧视，以保证她们在男女平等的基础上享有相同权利，特别是：
11.1.c
享有自由选择专业和职业，升级和工作保障，一切工作福利和服务条件，接受职业训练和再训练，包括实习训练、高等职业训练和经常训练的权利。
11.1 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施，消除在就业方面对妇女的歧视，以保证她们在男女平等的基础上享有相同权利，特别是：
11.1.f
在工作条件中享有健康和安全保障，包括保障生育机能的权利。
14.2
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.g
有权取得农业信贷，利用销售设施，获得适当技术，并在土地改革和土地垦植计划方面享有平等待遇。
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.h
享受适当的生活条件，特别是在住房、卫生、水电供应、交通和通讯方面。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
8.2 States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for:
8.2.b
Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources;
26.1
土著人民对他们传统上拥有、占有或以其他方式使用或获得的土地、领 土和资源拥有权利。
26.2
土著人民有权拥有、使用、开发和控制因他们传统上拥有或其他传统上 的占有或使用而持有的，以及他们以其他方式获得的土地、领土和资源。
29.1
土著人民有权养护和保护其土地或领土和资源的环境和生产能力。各国 应不加歧视地制定和执行援助土著人民进行这种养护和保护的方案。
32.1
Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for the development or use of their lands or territories and other resources.
32.2
各国在批准任何影响到土著人民土地或领土和其他资源的项目，特别是 开发、利用或开采矿物、水或其他资源的项目前，应本着诚意，通过有关的土著人民自己的代表机构，与土著人民协商和合作，征得他们的自由知情同意。
ILO 111
（就业和职业）歧视公约，1958（第111号）
Description 2
就本项基本公约而言，“歧视”一词包括：基于种族、肤色、性别、宗教、政治见解、民族血统或社会出身等原因，具有取消或损害就业或职业机会均等或待遇平等作用的任何区别对待、排斥或被他人优先。本公约也涵盖传统职业，如小规模的渔业生产者等。
ILO 169
土著和部落居民公约，1989（第169号）
7.1
The peoples concerned shall have the right to decide their own priorities for the process of development as it affects their lives, beliefs, institutions and spiritual well-being and the lands they occupy or otherwise use, and to exercise control, to the extent possible, over their own economic, social and cultural development. In addition, they shall participate in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of plans and programmes for national and regional development which may affect them directly.
7.2
The improvement of the conditions of life and work and levels of health and education of the peoples concerned, with their participation and co-operation, shall be a matter of priority in plans for the overall economic development of areas they inhabit. Special projects for development of the areas in question shall also be so designed as to promote such improvement.
7.3
Governments shall ensure that, whenever appropriate, studies are carried out, in co-operation with the peoples concerned, to assess the social, spiritual, cultural and environmental impact on them of planned development activities. The results of these studies shall be considered as fundamental criteria for the implementation of these activities.
7.4
Governments shall take measures, in co-operation with the peoples concerned, to protect and preserve the environment of the territories they inhabit.
ILO 188
捕捞工作公约，2007（第188号)
ILO 188
捕捞工作公约，2007（第188号），其目的是确保在船上工作的最低要求的工作条件，服务的条件，住宿和食品；职业安全和健康保护；医疗和社会保障。
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
XIV
Every person has the right to work, under proper conditions, and to follow his vocation freely, insofar as existing conditions of employment permit. Every person who works has the right to receive such remuneration as will, in proportion to his capacity and skill, assure him a standard of living suitable for himself and for his family.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
7.a
Remuneration which guarantees, as a minimum, to all workers dignified and decent living conditions for them and their families and fair and equal wages for equal work, without distinction;
7.b
The right of every worker to follow his vocation and to devote himself to the activity that best fulfills his expectations and to change employment in accordance with the pertinent national regulations;
7.f
The prohibition of night work or unhealthy or dangerous working conditions and, in general, of all work which jeopardizes health, safety, or morals, for persons under 18 years of age. As regards minors under the age of 16, the work day shall be subordinated to the provisions regarding compulsory education and in no case shall work constitute an impediment to school attendance or a limitation on benefiting from education received;
7.g
A reasonable limitation of working hours, both daily and weekly. The days shall be shorter in the case of dangerous or unhealthy work or of night work;
7.h
Rest, leisure and paid vacations as well as remuneration for national holidays.
12.1
Everyone has the right to adequate nutrition which guarantees the possibility of enjoying the highest level of physical, emotional and intellectual development.
12.2
In order to promote the exercise of this right and eradicate malnutrition, the States Parties undertake to improve methods of production, supply and distribution of food, and to this end, agree to promote greater international cooperation in support of the relevant national policies.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
15
Every individual shall have the right to work under equitable and satisfactory conditions, and shall receive equal pay for equal work.
21.1
All peoples shall freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources. This right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people. In no case shall a people be deprived of it.
21.3
The free disposal of wealth and natural resources shall be exercised without prejudice to the obligation of promoting international economic cooperation based on mutual respect, equitable exchangeand the principles of international law.
22.1
All peoples shall have the right to their economic, social and cultural development with due regard to their freedom and identity and in the equal enjoyment of the common heritage of mankind.
22.2
States shall have the duty, individually or collectively, to ensure the exercise of the right to development.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
15.1
Every child shall be protected from all forms of economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development.
15.2
State Parties to the present Charter take all appropriate legislative and administrative measures to ensure the full implementation of this Article which covers both the formal and informal sectors of employment and having regard to the relevant provisions of the International Labour Organization’s instruments relating to children. State Parties shall in particular:
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
13
States Parties shall adopt and enforce legislative and other measures to guarantee women equal opportunities in work and career advancement and other economic opportunities. In this respect, they shall:
13.a
promote equality of access to employment;
13.c
ensure transparency in recruitment, promotion and dismissal of women and combat and punish sexual harassment in the workplace;
13.e
create conditions to promote and support the occupations and economic activities of women, in particular, within the informal sector;
15.a
provide women with access to clean drinking water, sources of domestic fuel, land, and the means of producing nutritious food;
18.1
Women shall have the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment.
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.a
ensure greater participation of women in the planning, management and preservation of the environment and the sustainable use of natural resources at all levels;
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.c
promote women’s access to and control over productive resources such as land and guarantee their right to property;
19.d
promote women’s access to credit, training, skills development and extension services at rural and urban levels in order to provide women with a higher quality of life and reduce the level of poverty among women;
联合国气候变化框架公约
联合国气候变化框架公约
3
各缔约方在为实现本公约的目标和履行其各项规定而采取行动时，除其他 外，应以下列作为指导：
3.1
各缔约方应当在公平的基础上，并根据它们共同但有区别的责任和各自的能力，为人类当代和后代的利益保护气候系统。因此，发达国家缔约方应当率先对付气候变化及其不利影响。
3.2
应当充分考虑到发展中国家缔约方尤其是特别易受气候变化不利影响的那些 发展中国家缔约方的具体需要和特殊情况，也应当充分考虑到那些按本公约必须 承担不成比例或不正常负担的缔约方特别是发展中国家缔约方的具体需要和特殊 情况。
3.3
各缔约方应当采取预防措施，预测、防止或尽量减少引起气候变化的原因，并缓解其不利影响。当存在造成严重或不可逆转的损害的威胁时，不应当以科学上没有完全的确定性为理由推迟采取这类措施，同时考虑到应付气候变化的政策和措施应当讲求成本效益，确保以尽可能最低的费用获得全球效益。为此，这种政策和措施应当考虑到不同的社会经济情况，并且应当具有全面性，包括所有有关的温室气体源、汇和库及适应措施，并涵盖所有经济部门。应付气候变化的努力可由有关的缔约方合作进行。
3.4
各缔约方有权并且应当促进可持续的发展。保护气候系统免遭人为变化的政策和措施应当适合每个缔约方的具体情况，并应当结合到国家的发展计划中去，同时考虑到经济发展对于采取措施应付气候变化是至关重要的。
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.j
Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
10
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.c
Protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements;
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.d
Support local populations to develop and implement remedial action in degraded areas where biological diversity has been reduced;
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
61.1
沿海国应决定其专属经济区内生物资源的可捕量。
61.2
沿海国参照其可得到的最可靠的科学证据,应通过正当的养护和管理措施,确保专属经济区内生物资源的维持不受过度开发的危害。在适当情形下,沿海国和各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,应为此目的进行合作。
61.3
这种措施的目的也应在包括沿海渔民社区的经济需要和发展中国家的特殊要求在内的各种有关的环境和经济因素的限制下,使捕捞鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到能够生产最高持续产量的水平,并考虑到捕捞方式、种群的相互依存以及任何一般建议的国际最低标准,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的。
61.4
沿海国在采取这种措施时,应考虑到与所捕捞鱼种有关联或依赖该鱼种而生存的鱼种所受的影响,以便使这些有关联或依赖的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到其繁殖不会受严重威胁的水平以上。
61.5
在适当情形下,应通过各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,并在所有有关国家,包括其国民获准在专属经济区捕鱼的国家参加下,经常提供和交换可获得的科学情报、渔获量和渔捞努力量统计,以及其他有关养护鱼的种群的资料。
62.2
沿海国应决定其捕捞专属经济区内生物资源的能力。沿海国在没有能力捕捞全部可捕量的情形下,应通过协定或其他安排,并根据第 4 款所指的条款、条件、法律和规章,准许其他国家捕捞可捕量的剩余部分,特别顾及第六十九和第七十条的规定,尤其是关于其中所提到的发展中国家的部分。
62.3
沿海国在根据本条准许其他国家进入其专属经济区时,应考虑到所有有关因素,除其他外,包括:该区域的生物资源对有关沿海国的经济和其他国家利益的重要性,第六十九和第七十条的规定,该分区域或区域内的发展中国家捕捞一部分剩余量的要求,以及尽量减轻其国民惯常在专属经济区捕鱼或曾对研究和测定种群做过大量工作的国家经济失调现象的需要。
62.4
在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.a
发给渔民、渔船和捕捞装备以执照,包括交纳规费和其他形式的报酬,而 就发展中的沿海国而言,这种报酬可包括有关渔业的资金、装备和技术方面的适当 补偿;
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.b
决定可捕鱼种,和确定渔获量的限额,不论是关于特定种群或多种种群或 一定期间的单船渔获量,或关于特定期间内任何国家国民的渔获量;
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.e
规定渔船应交的情报,包括渔获量和渔捞努力量统计和船只位置的报告;
62.4 在专属经济区内捕鱼的其他国家的国民应遵守沿海国的法律和规章中所 制订的养护措施和其他条款和条件。这种法律和规章应符合本公约,除其他外,并 可涉及下列各项:
62.4.d
确定可捕鱼类和其他鱼种的年龄和大小
62.5
沿海国应将养护和管理的法律和规章妥为通知。
63 Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area beyond and adjacent to it
63.1
如果同一种群或有关联的鱼种的几个种群出现在两个或两个以上沿海国 的专属经济区内,这些国家应直接或通过适当的分区域或区域组织,设法就必要措 施达成协议,以便在不妨害本部分其他规定的情形下,协调并确保这些种群的养护 和发展。
66.1
States in whose rivers anadromous stocks originate shall have the primary interest in and responsibility for such stocks
66.2
溯河产卵种群的鱼源国,应制订关于在其专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的一切水域中的捕捞和关于第 3 款(b)项中所规定的捕捞的适当管理措施,以确保这种种群的养护。鱼源国可与第 3 和第 4 款所指的捕捞这些种群的其他国家协商后,确定源自其河流的种群的总可捕量。
66.3.a
捕捞溯河产卵种群的渔业活动,应只在专属经济区外部界限向陆一面 的水域中进行,但这项规定引起鱼源国以外的国家经济失调的情形除外。关于在专 属经济区外部界限以外进行的这种捕捞,有关国家应保持协商,以期就这种捕捞的 条款和条件达成协议,并适当顾及鱼源国对这些种群加以养护的要求和需要;
66.3.b
鱼源国考虑到捕捞这些种群的其他国家的正常渔获量和作业方式,以及进 行这种捕捞活动的所有地区,应进行合作以尽量减轻这种国家的经济失调;
66.3.c
项所指的国家,经与鱼源国协议后参加使溯河产卵种群再生的措施者, 特别是分担作此用途的开支者,在捕捞源自鱼源国河流的种群方面,应得到鱼源国 的特别考虑;
66.3.d
鱼源国和其他有关国家应达成协议,以执行有关专属经济区以外的溯河产 卵种群的法律和规章
66.4
在溯河产卵种群回游进入或通过鱼源国以外国家的专属经济区外部界限向陆一面的水域的情形下,该国应在养护和管理这种种群方面同鱼源国进行合作。
66.5
The State of origin of anadromous stocks and other States fishing these stocks shall make arrangements for the implementation of the provisions of this article, where appropriate, through regional organizations.
67.1
降河产卵鱼种在其水域内度过大部分生命周期的沿海国,应有责任管理这些鱼种,并应确保回游鱼类的出入。
67.2
Harvesting of catadromous species shall be conducted only in waters landward of the outer limits of exclusive economic zones. When conducted in exclusive economic zones, harvesting shall be subject to this article and the other provisions of this Convention concerning fishing in these zones.
67.3
In cases where catadromous fish migrate through the exclusive economic zone of another State, whether as juvenile or maturing fish, the management, including harvesting, of such fish shall be regulated by agreement between the State mentioned in paragraph 1 and the other State concerned. Such agreement shall ensure the rational management of the species and take into account the responsibilities of the State mentioned in paragraph 1 for the maintenance of these species.
14.c

按照《我们希望的未来》第158段所述，根据《联合国海洋法公约》所规定的保护和可持续利用海洋及其资源的国际法律框架，加强海洋和海洋资源的保护和可持续利用。

Indicators
14.c.1
为养护和可持续利用海洋及其资源，通过法律、政策和体制框架，在批准、接受、执行《联合国海洋法公约》中有关执行海洋国际法的文书方面取得进展的国家数目
 ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基於互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
1.2
所有人民得为他们自己的目的自由处置他们的天然财富和资源，而不损害根据基于互利原则的国际经济合作和国际法而产生的任何义务。在任何情况下不得剥夺一个人民自己的生存手段。
MLC
海事劳工公约,2006
MLC
海事劳工公约（2006）巩固和更新了自1920年执行的37条ILO海事公约和建议。该公约包含了为海员实现体面工作以及确保船东具有公平竞争机会的所有必要的元素。
ILO 188
捕捞工作公约，2007（第188号)
ILO 188
捕捞工作公约，2007（第188号），其目的是确保在船上工作的最低要求的工作条件，服务的条件，住宿和食品；职业安全和健康保护；医疗和社会保障。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.3
Each Party shall adopt the necessary measures, of a legislative, regulatory, administrative or any other nature, in the framework of its domestic provisions, to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of the present Agreement.

Pages