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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

消除饥饿，实现粮食安全，改善营养状况和促进可持续农业

 2.4

到2030年，确保建立可持续粮食生产体系并执行具有抗灾能力的农作方法，以提高生产力和产量，帮助维护生态系统，加强适应气候变化、极端天气、干旱、洪涝和其他灾害的能力，逐步改善土地和土壤质量。

Indicators
2.4.1
从事生产性和可持续农业的农业地区比例
 巴黎协 定
巴黎协 定
7.9.b
процесс формулирования и осуществления национальных планов в области адаптации
7.9.c
评估气候变化影响和脆弱性，以拟订国家自主决定的优先行动，同时考虑到处于脆弱地位的人、地方和生态系统；
7.9.d
监测和评价适应计划、政策、方案和行动并从中学习；并
7.9.e
建设社会经济和生态系统的复原力，包括通过经济多样化和自然资源的可持续管理。
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
6
Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.a
Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned;
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.b
Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
5
除根据第四条应承担的义务之外，受影响国家缔约方承诺：
5.b
在可持续发展计划和／或政策框架内制订防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响的战略和优先顺序；
5.d
在防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响的工作中，在非政府组织的支持下，提高当地群众尤其 是妇女和青年的认识，并为他们的参与提供便利；以及
10.2
国家行动方案应当明确指出政府、地方社区和土地使用者各自的作用，同时确定可得到 的和需要的资源。国家行动方案除其他外应：
10.2.c
уделяют особое внимание осуществлению превентивных мер в отношени земель, которые еще не подверглись деградации или подверглись ей лишь в незначительной степени;
10.3
国家行动方案，除其他外，可包括下列某些或所有旨在对付和缓解干旱影响的措施：
10.3.b
加强考虑到季节和年度气候预测的防旱抗旱工作，包括地方、国家、分区域和区域各 级的干旱应急计划；
10.3.c
酌情建立和／或加强粮食安全系统包括储存和销售设施，尤其是在农村地区；
10.3.e
为农作物和牲畜制订可持续的灌溉方案。
10.4
考虑到各个受影响国家缔约方有其具体的情况和要求，国家行动方案，除其他外，酌情 包括下列某些或所有涉及在受影响地区防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响、涉及其人口的优先领 域措施：提倡另谋生计并改善国家经济环境，以争取加强消灭贫困方案，加强粮食保障； 人口动态；以可持续方式管理自然资源；实行可持续的农业方式；开发和高效率地使用各 种能源；体制和法律框架；加强评估和系统观察能力包括水文和气象服务以及能力建设、 教育和公众意识。
Ramsar convention
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
3.1
The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.
2.5

到2020年，通过在国家、区域和国际层面建立管理得当、多样化的种子和植物库，保持种子、种植作物、养殖和驯养的动物及与之相关的野生物种的基因多样性；根据国际商定原则获取及公正、公平地分享利用基因资源和相关传统知识产生的惠益。

Indicators
2.5.1
中期或长期养护设施维持的粮食和农业动植物遗传资源的数量
2.5.2
被归类为面临灭绝危险的当地品种的比例
 UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
31.1
土著人民有权保持、掌管、保护和发展其文化遗产、传统知识和传统文 化体现方式，以及其科学、技术和文化表现形式，包括人类和遗传资源、种子、医药、关于动植物群特性的知识、口述传统、文学作品、设计、体育和传统游戏、视觉和表演艺术。他们还有权保持、掌管、保护和发展自己对这些文化遗产、传统知识和传统文化体现方式的知识产权。
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.c
protect and enable the development of women’s indigenous knowledge systems;
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
6
Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.a
Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned;
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.b
Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
7
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, in particular for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10:
7.a
Identify components of biological diversity important for its conservation and sustainable use having regard to the indicative list of categories set down in Annex I;
7.b
Monitor, through sampling and other techniques, the components of biological diversity identified pursuant to subparagraph (a) above, paying particular attention to those requiring urgent conservation measures and those which offer the greatest potential for sustainable use;
7.c
Identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and monitor their effects through sampling and other techniques;
7.d
Maintain and organize, by any mechanism data, derived from identification and monitoring activities pursuant to subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) above.
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.a
Establish a system of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity;
8.c
Regulate or manage biological resources important for the conservation of biological diversity whether within or outside protected areas, with a view to ensuring their conservation and sustainable use;
8.f
Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies;
8.i
Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.j
Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
8.l
Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
9
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, and predominantly for the purpose of complementing in-situ measures:
9.a
Adopt measures for the ex-si tu conservation of components of biological diversity, preferably in tne country of origin of such components
9.b
Establish and maintain facilities for ex-situ conservation of and research on plants, animals and micro-organisms, preferably in the country of origin of genetic resources;
9.c
Adopt measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their reintroduction into their natural habitats under appropriate conditions;
9.d
Regulate and manage collection of biological resources from natural habitats for ex-situ conservation purposes so as not to threaten ecosystems and in-situ populations of species, except where special temporary ex-si tu measures are required under subparagraph (c) above;
9.e
Cooperate in providing financial and other support for ex-situ conservation outlined in subparagraphs (a) to (d) above and in the establishment and maintenance of ex-situ conservation facilities in developing countries.
10
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.b
Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity;
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.c
Protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements;
15.1
Recognizing the sovereign rights of States over their natural resources, the authority to determine access to genetic resources rests with the national governments and is subject to national legislation.
15.2
Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to create renditions to facilitate access to genetic resources for environmentally sound uses by other Contracting Parties and not to impose restrictions that run counter to the objectives of this Convention.
15.3
For the purpose of this Convention, the genetic resources being provided by a Contracting Party, as referred to in this Article and Articles 16 and 19, are only those that are provided by Contracting Parties that are countries of origin of such resources or by the Parties that have acquired the genetic resources in accordance with this Convention.
15.4
Access, where granted, shall be on mutually agreed terms and subject to the provisions of this Article.
15.6
Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to develop and carry out scientific research based on genetic resources provided by other Contracting Parties with the full participation of, and where possible in such Contracting Parties.
15.7
Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, and in accordance with Articles 16 and 19 and, where necessary, through the financial mechanism established by Articles 20 and 21 with the aim of sharing in a fair and equitable way the results of research and development and the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources with the Contracting Party providing such resources. Such sharing shall be upon mutually agreed terms.
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
16
The Parties agree, according to their respective capabilities, to integrate and coordinate the collection, analysis and exchange of relevant short term and long term data and information to ensure systematic observation of land degradation in affected areas and to understand better and assess the processes and effects of drought and desertification. This would help accomplish, inter alia, early warning and advance planning for periods of adverse climatic variation in a form suited for practical application by users at all levels, including especially local populations. To this end, they shall, as appropriate:
16.g
缔约方同意根据各自能力综合和协调有关长、短期数据及信息的收集、分析和交流工作， 确保有系统地观察受影响地区土地退化情况，更好地了解和评价干旱和荒漠化的过程和影 响。除其他外，这将可以用适合所有各级用户，包括尤其是以当地群众能够实际应用的形 式，对不利的气候变异时期提供早期预警和先期规划。为此，它们应酌情：
17.1
缔约方承诺根据自己的能力通过适当的国家、分区域、区域和国际机构促进防治荒漠化 和缓解干旱影响领域内的技术和科学合作。为此，它们应支持研究活动，这些研究活动：
17.1.c
保护、综合、增进和验证传统的和当地的知识、诀窃和做法，在符合各自国家立法 和／或政策的前提下确保拥有这种知识的人能以平等、相互商定的条件从这些知识的 商业利用或从这些知识所带来的技术发展直接获益；
18.2
缔约方应根据各自能力并在符合各自国家立法和／或政策的前提下保护、促进和利用特 别是有关的传统和当地技术、知识、诀窍和做法，为此，缔约方承诺：
18.2.b
确保这种技术、知识、诀窍和做法受到充分保护，并确保当地群众能平等地和以相互商 定的条件从这些知识或源自这些知识的任何技术发展的任何商业利用中直接获得利益；
2.a

通过加强国际合作等方式，增加对农村基础设施、农业研究和推广服务、技术开发、植物和牲畜基因库的投资，以增强发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家的农业生产能力。

Indicators
2.a.1
政府支出的农业取向指数
2.a.2
用于农业部门的官方资金(官方发展援助和其他官方资金流)总额
 ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
11.2 本公约缔约各国既确认人人享有免于饥饿的基本权利，应为下列目的，个别采取必要的措施或经由国际合作采取必要的措施，包括具体的计划在内：
11.2.a
用充分利用科技知识、传播营养原则的知识、和发展或改革土地制度以使天然资源得到最有效的开发和利用等方法，改进粮食的生产、保存及分配方法；
15.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权：
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
26
The States Parties undertake to adopt measures, both internally and through international cooperation, especially those of an economic and technical nature, with a view to achieving progressively, by legislation or other appropriate means, the full realization of the rights implicit in the economic, social, educational, scientific, and cultural standards set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States as amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
12.2
In order to promote the exercise of this right and eradicate malnutrition, the States Parties undertake to improve methods of production, supply and distribution of food, and to this end, agree to promote greater international cooperation in support of the relevant national policies.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
5
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, cooperate with other Contracting Parties, directly or. where appropriate, through competent international organizations, in respect of areas beyond national jurisdiction and on other matters of mutual interest, for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.i
Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8.l
Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
8.m
Cooperate in providing financial and other support for in-situ conservation outlined in subparagraphs (a) to (1) above, particularly to developing countries
12
The Contracting Parties, taking into account the special needs of developing countries, shall:
12.b
Promote and encourage research which contributes to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, particularly in developing countries, inter alia, in accordance with decisions of the Conference of the Parties taken in consequence of recommendations of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice;
12.c
In keeping with the provisions of Articles 16. 13 and 20. promote and cooperate in the use of scientific advances in biological diversity research in developing methods for conservation and sustainable use of biological resources;
16.1
Each Contracting Party, recognizing that technology includes biotechnology, and that both access to and transfer of technology among Contracting Parties are essential elements for the attainment of the objectives of this Convention, undertakes subject to the provisions of this Article to provide and/or facilitate access for and transfer to other Contracting Parties of technologies that are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or make use of genetic resources and do not cause significant damage to the environment.
16.2
Access to and transfer of technology referred to in paragraph 1 above to developing countries shall be provided and/or facilitated under fair and most favourable terms, including on concessional and referential terms where mutually agreed, and, where necessary, in accordance with the financial mechanism established by Articles 20 and 21. In the case of technology subject to patents and other intellectual property rights, such access and transfer shall be provided on terms which recognize and are consistent with the adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights. The application of this paragraph shall be consistent with paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 below.
16.3
Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, with the aim that Contracting Parties, in particular those that are developing countries, which provide genetic resources are provided access to and transfer of technology which makes use of those resources, on mutually agreed terms, including technology protected by patents and other intellectual property rights, where necessary, through the provisions of Articles 20 and 21 and in accordance with international law and consistent with paragraphs 4 and 5 below.
16.4
Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, with the aim that the private sector facilitates access to, joint development and transfer of technology referred to in paragraph 1 above for the benefit of both governmental institutions and the private sector of developing countries and in this regard shall abide by the obligations included in paragraphs 1. 2 and 3 above.
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
11
受影响国家缔约方应按照有关的区域执行附件酌情进行协商和合作，拟订分区域和／或区域 行动方案，以协调、补充和提高国家方案的效率。第十条的规定经修改后应适用于分区域和 区域方案。这种合作可包括关于对跨边界自然资源实行可持续管理、开展科学技术合作和加 强有关机构的议定联合方案。
12
受影响国家缔约方应协同其他缔约方和国际社会合力确保促进一个有利于实施《公约》的扶持 性国际环境。这种合作也应包括技术转让、科学研究和发展、信息收集和传播以及资金资源等 领域。
18.1
缔约方承诺相互商定并依照各自的国家立法和／或政策促进、资助和／或便利资助、转 让、获取、改造和开发有关防治荒漠化和／或缓解干旱影响的无害环境、经济上可行、社 会上可以接受的技术，以此为受影响地区实现可持续发展作出贡献。这类合作应酌情以双 边或多边方式开展，充分利用政府间组织和非政府组织的专门知识。缔约方尤应：
18.1.a
_x0007_充分利用有关的现有国家、分区域、区域和国际信息系统和交流中心，传播与下列各项 有关的信息：可获得的技术、其来源、其环境风险，以及获得这些技术的大致条件；
18.1.b
便利特别是受影响发展中国家缔约方以有利条件，包括相互议定的减让和优惠条件在 顾及需保护知识产权的前提下获取最宜实际用来解决当地群众特殊需要的技术，要特 别注意这类技术的社会、文化、经济和环境影响；
18.1.c
облегчают технологическое сотрудничество между пострадавшими странами Сторонами путем предоставления финансовой помощи или других соотвествующих средств
18.1.d
_x0007_尤其要把与受影响发展中国家缔约方开展的技术合作推广到促进另谋生计部门，相关 情况下包括合资经营；以及
18.1.e
_x0007_采取措施，创造有利于发展、转让、获取、改造适用技术、知识、诀窍和做法的国内市 场条件，提出财政鼓励或其他鼓励办法，包括确保充分和有效保护知识产权的措施。
20.1
鉴于为实现《公约》目标筹资至为重要，缔约方应视其能力尽力确保防治荒漠化和缓解 干旱影响的方案得到充分的资金资源。
20.2
在这方面，发达国家缔约方，在不忽视其他区域的受影响发展中国家缔约方的前提下， 根据第七条规定对非洲给予优先，同时承诺：
20.2.c
通过国际合作，便利技术知识和诀窍的转让；以及
20.3
受影响发展中国家缔约方，按其能力，承诺为执行其国家行动方案筹集充分资金资源。
2.b

根据多哈发展回合授权，纠正和防止世界农业市场上的贸易限制和扭曲，包括同时取消一切形式的农业出口补贴和具有相同作用的所有出口措施。

Indicators
2.b.1
农产品出口补贴
 ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
11.2 本公约缔约各国既确认人人享有免于饥饿的基本权利，应为下列目的，个别采取必要的措施或经由国际合作采取必要的措施，包括具体的计划在内：
11.2.b
在顾到粮食入口国家和粮食出口国家的问题的情况下，保证世界粮食供应，会按照需要，公平分配。
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
12.2
In order to promote the exercise of this right and eradicate malnutrition, the States Parties undertake to improve methods of production, supply and distribution of food, and to this end, agree to promote greater international cooperation in support of the relevant national policies.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
22.2
States shall have the duty, individually or collectively, to ensure the exercise of the right to development.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.f
ensure that the negative effects of globalisation and any adverse effects of the implementation of trade and economic policies and programmes are reduced to the minimum for women.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
5
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, cooperate with other Contracting Parties, directly or. where appropriate, through competent international organizations, in respect of areas beyond national jurisdiction and on other matters of mutual interest, for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
11
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, adopt economically and socially sound measures that act as incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of components of biological diversity.
19.2
Each Contracting Party shall take all practicable measures to promote and advance priority access on a fair and equitable basis by Contracting Parties, especially developing countries, to the results and benefits arising from biotechnologies based upon genetic resources provided by those Contracting Parties. Such access shall be on mutually agreed terms.
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
4.2
为实现本《公约》的目标，缔约方应：
4.2.b
在有关的国际和区域机构内适当注意受影响发展中国家缔约方在国际贸易、市场安排 和债务方面的情况，为促进可持续发展创立扶持性国际经济环境；
2.c

采取措施，确保粮食商品市场及其衍生工具正常发挥作用，确保及时获取包括粮食储备量在内的市场信息，限制粮价剧烈波动。

Indicators
2.c.1
食品价格异常指标
 ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
11.2 本公约缔约各国既确认人人享有免于饥饿的基本权利，应为下列目的，个别采取必要的措施或经由国际合作采取必要的措施，包括具体的计划在内：
11.2.b
在顾到粮食入口国家和粮食出口国家的问题的情况下，保证世界粮食供应，会按照需要，公平分配。
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
12.2
In order to promote the exercise of this right and eradicate malnutrition, the States Parties undertake to improve methods of production, supply and distribution of food, and to this end, agree to promote greater international cooperation in support of the relevant national policies.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
22.2
States shall have the duty, individually or collectively, to ensure the exercise of the right to development.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
4.2
为实现本《公约》的目标，缔约方应：
4.2.b
在有关的国际和区域机构内适当注意受影响发展中国家缔约方在国际贸易、市场安排 和债务方面的情况，为促进可持续发展创立扶持性国际经济环境；

确保健康的生活方式，促进各年龄段人群的福祉

 3.1

到2030年，全球孕产妇每10万例活产的死亡率降至70人以下。

Indicators
3.1.1
每100 000名活产产妇死亡人数
3.1.2
由熟练保健人员协助的分娩比例
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
3
人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。
25.1
人人有权享受为维持他本人和家属的健康和福利所需的生活水准，包括食物、衣著、住房、医疗和必要的社会服务；在遭到失业、疾病、残废、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情况下丧失谋生能力时，有权享受保障。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
6.1
人人有固有的生命权。这个权利应受法律保护。不得任意剥夺任何人的生命。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
12.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.a
减低死胎率和婴儿死亡率，和使儿童得到健康的发育；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.c
预防、治疗和控制传染病、风土病、职业病以及其他的疾病；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.d
创造保证人人在患病时能得到医疗照顾的条件。
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
12.1
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除在保健方面对妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上取得各种保健服务，包括有关计划生育的保健服务。
12.2
尽管有本条第1款的规定，缔约各国应保证为妇女提供有关怀孕、分娩和产后期间的适当服务，于必要时给予免费服务，并保证在怀孕和哺乳期间得到充分营养。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
10
缔约国重申人人享有固有的生命权，并应当采取一切必要措施，确保残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上切实享有这一权利。
25 缔约国确认，残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视。缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保残疾人获得考虑到性别因素的医疗卫生服务，包括与健康有关的康复服务。缔约国尤其应当:
25.a
向残疾人提供其他人享有的，在范围、质量和标准方面相同的免费或费用低廉的医疗保健服务和方案，包括在性健康和生殖健康及全民公共卫生方案方面。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
9
移徙工人及其家庭成员的生命权应受法律保护。
28
移徙工人及家庭成员应有权按与有关国家国民同等的待遇接受维持其生命或避免对其健康的不可弥补的损害而迫切需要的任何医疗。不得以他们在逗留或就业方面有任何不正常情况为由，而拒绝给予此种紧急医疗。
43.1 移徙工人在以下方面应享有与就业国国民同等的待遇：
43.1.e
享受社会服务和保健服务，但需符合参加各该种计划的规定。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
7.1
土著人享有生命权以及身心健全、人身自由和安全的权利。
24.1
土著人民有权使用自己的传统医药，有权保持自己的保健方法，包括保 护他们必需的药用植物、动物和矿物。土著人还有权不受任何歧视地享用所有社会和保健服务。
24.2
土著人拥有享受能够达到的最高标准身心健康的平等权利。各国应采取 必要步骤，使这一权利逐步得到充分实现。
DEVAW
消除对妇女暴力宣言
3 妇女有权在政治、经济、社会、文化、公民或其他任何领域平等享有所有人权和基本自由，这些人权和自由应受到保护，这些权利尤其包括：
3.a
生命权利
FCTC
世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约
3
本公约及其议定书的目标是提供一个由各缔约方在国家、区域和全球各级实施烟草控制措施的框架，以便使烟草使用和接触烟草烟雾持续大幅度下降，从而保护当代和后代免受烟草消费和接触烟草烟雾对健康、社会、环境和经济造成的破坏性影响。
European Social Charter
European Social Charter (Revised)
Part II
The Parties undertake, as provided for in Part III, to consider themselves bound by the obligations laid down in the following articles and paragraphs.
Part#II.8
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of employed women to the protection of maternity, the Parties undertake:
Part#II.8.5
to prohibit the employment of pregnant women, women who have recently given birth or who are nursing their infants in underground mining and all other work which is unsuitable by reason of its dangerous, unhealthy or arduous nature and to take appropriate measures to protect the employment rights of these women.
Part#II.11
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to protection of health, the Parties undertake, either directly or in cooperation with public or private organisations, to take appropriate measures designed inter alia:
Part#II.11.1
to remove as far as possible the causes of ill-health;
Part#II.11.3
to prevent as far as possible epidemic, endemic and other diseases, as well as accidents.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
I
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.
VII
All women, during pregnancy and the nursing period, and all children have the right to special protection, care and aid.
XI
Every person has the right to the preservation of his health through sanitary and social measures relating to food, clothing, housing and medical care, to the extent permitted by public and community resources
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
19
Every minor child has the right to the measures of protection required by his condition as a minor on the part of his family, society, and the state.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
10.1
Everyone shall have the right to health, understood to mean the enjoyment of the highest level of physical, mental and social well-being.
10.2
In order to ensure the exercise of the right to health, the States Parties agree to recognize health as a public good and, particularly, to adopt the following measures to ensure that right:
10.2.a
Primary health care, that is, essential health care made available to all individuals and families in the community;
10.2.b
Extension of the benefits of health services to all individuals subject to the State's jurisdiction;
10.2.c
Universal immunization against the principal infectious diseases;
10.2.e
Education of the population on the prevention and treatment of health problems,
10.2.f
Satisfaction of the health needs of the highest risk groups and of those whose poverty makes them the most vulnerable.
15.3
The States Parties hereby undertake to accord adequate protection to the family unit and in particular:
15.3.a
To provide special care and assistance to mothers during a reasonable period before and after childbirth;
Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
III
To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake:
III.1
To adopt the legislative, social, educational, labor-related, or any other measures needed to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society, including, but not limited to:
III.1.a
Measures to eliminate discrimination gradually and to promote integration by government authorities and/or private entities in providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities such as employment, transportation, communications, housing, recreation, education, sports, law enforcement and administration of justice, and political and administrative activities;
III.2
To work on a priority basis in the following areas:
III.2.a
Prevention of all forms of preventable disabilities;
III.2.b
Early detection and intervention, treatment, rehabilitation, education, job training, and the provision of comprehensive services to ensure the optimal level of independence and quality of life for persons with disabilities;
Convention of Belém do Pará
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
4
Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others:
4.a
The right to have her life respected;
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
4
Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
16.1
Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health.
16.2
States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick.
18.3
The State shall ensure the elimination of every discrimination against women and also censure the protection of the rights of the woman and the child as stipulated in international declarations and conventions.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
14.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures:
14.2.e
to ensure appropriate health care for expectant and nursing mothers;
20.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall in accordance with their means and national conditions take all appropriate measures:
20.2.a
to assist parents and other persons responsible for the child and in case of need, provide material assistance and support programmes particularly with regard to nutrition, health, education, clothing and housing;
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
14.1
States Parties shall ensure that the right to health of women, including sexual and reproductive health is respected and promoted. This includes:
14.1.a
the right to control their fertility;
14.1.b
the right to decide whether to have children, the number of children and the spacing of children;
14.1.c
the right to choose any method of contraception;
14.1.d
the right to self-protection and to be protected against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS;
14.1.e
the right to be informed on one's health status and on the health status of one's partner, particularly if affected with sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, in accordance with internationally recognised standards and best practices;
14.1.f
the right to have family planning education.
14.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
14.2.a
provide adequate, affordable and accessible health services, including information, education and communication programmes to women especially those in rural areas;
14.2.b
establish and strengthen existing pre-natal, delivery and post-natal health and nutritional services for women during pregnancy and while they are breast-feeding;
14.2.c
protect the reproductive rights of women by authorising medical abortion in cases of sexual assault, rape, incest, and where the continued pregnancy endangers the mental and physical health of the mother or the life of the mother or the foetus.
3.2

到2030年，消除新生儿和5岁以下儿童可预防的死亡，各国争取将新生儿每1 000例活产的死亡率至少降至12例，5岁以下儿童每1 000例活产的死亡率至少降至25例。

Indicators
3.2.1
5岁以下儿童死亡率(每1 000例活产死亡数)
3.2.2
新生儿死亡率(每1 000例活产死亡数
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
3
人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。
25.1
人人有权享受为维持他本人和家属的健康和福利所需的生活水准，包括食物、衣著、住房、医疗和必要的社会服务；在遭到失业、疾病、残废、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情况下丧失谋生能力时，有权享受保障。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
6.1
人人有固有的生命权。这个权利应受法律保护。不得任意剥夺任何人的生命。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
12.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.a
减低死胎率和婴儿死亡率，和使儿童得到健康的发育；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.c
预防、治疗和控制传染病、风土病、职业病以及其他的疾病；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.d
创造保证人人在患病时能得到医疗照顾的条件。
CRC
儿童权利公约
24.1
缔约国确认儿童有权享有可达到的最商标准的健康，并享有医疗和康复设施；缔约国应努力确保没有任何儿童被剥夺获得这种保健服务的权利。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.a
降低婴幼儿死亡率。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.b
确保向所有儿童提供必要的医疗援助和保健，侧重发展初级保健。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.c
消除疾病和营养不良现象，包括在初级保健范围内利用现有可得的技术和提供充足的营养食品和清洁饮水，要考虑到环境污染的危险和风险。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.d
确保母亲得到适当的产前和产后保健。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.e
确保向社会各阶层、特别是向父母和儿童介绍有关儿童保健和营养、母乳育婴优点、个人卫生和环境卫生及防止意外事故的基本知识，使他们得到这方面的教育并帮助他们应用这种基本知识。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.f
开展预防保健、对父母的指导以及计划生育教育和服务。
24.3
缔约国应致力采取一切有效和适当的措施，以期废除对儿童健康有害的传统习俗。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
10
缔约国重申人人享有固有的生命权，并应当采取一切必要措施，确保残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上切实享有这一权利。
25 缔约国确认，残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视。缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保残疾人获得考虑到性别因素的医疗卫生服务，包括与健康有关的康复服务。缔约国尤其应当:
25.b
向残疾人提供残疾特需医疗卫生服务，包括酌情提供早期诊断和干预，并提供旨在尽量减轻残疾和预防残疾恶化的服务，包括向儿童和老年人提供这些服务。
25 缔约国确认，残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视。缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保残疾人获得考虑到性别因素的医疗卫生服务，包括与健康有关的康复服务。缔约国尤其应当:
25.d
要求医护人员，包括在征得残疾人自由表示的知情同意基础上，向残疾人提供在质量上与其他人所得相同的护理，特别是通过提供培训和颁布公共和私营医疗保健服务职业道德标准，提高对残疾人人权、尊严、自主和需要的认识。
ICRMW
保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约
9
移徙工人及其家庭成员的生命权应受法律保护。
28
移徙工人及家庭成员应有权按与有关国家国民同等的待遇接受维持其生命或避免对其健康的不可弥补的损害而迫切需要的任何医疗。不得以他们在逗留或就业方面有任何不正常情况为由，而拒绝给予此种紧急医疗。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
7.1
土著人享有生命权以及身心健全、人身自由和安全的权利。
24.1
土著人民有权使用自己的传统医药，有权保持自己的保健方法，包括保 护他们必需的药用植物、动物和矿物。土著人还有权不受任何歧视地享用所有社会和保健服务。
24.2
土著人拥有享受能够达到的最高标准身心健康的平等权利。各国应采取 必要步骤，使这一权利逐步得到充分实现。
DEVAW
消除对妇女暴力宣言
3 妇女有权在政治、经济、社会、文化、公民或其他任何领域平等享有所有人权和基本自由，这些人权和自由应受到保护，这些权利尤其包括：
3.a
生命权利
European Social Charter
European Social Charter (Revised)
Part II
The Parties undertake, as provided for in Part III, to consider themselves bound by the obligations laid down in the following articles and paragraphs.
Part#II.11
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to protection of health, the Parties undertake, either directly or in cooperation with public or private organisations, to take appropriate measures designed inter alia:
Part#II.11.1
to remove as far as possible the causes of ill-health;
Part#II.11.3
to prevent as far as possible epidemic, endemic and other diseases, as well as accidents.
ADRDM
American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
I
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.
VII
All women, during pregnancy and the nursing period, and all children have the right to special protection, care and aid.
XI
Every person has the right to the preservation of his health through sanitary and social measures relating to food, clothing, housing and medical care, to the extent permitted by public and community resources
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights
4.1
Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
19
Every minor child has the right to the measures of protection required by his condition as a minor on the part of his family, society, and the state.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
10.1
Everyone shall have the right to health, understood to mean the enjoyment of the highest level of physical, mental and social well-being.
10.2
In order to ensure the exercise of the right to health, the States Parties agree to recognize health as a public good and, particularly, to adopt the following measures to ensure that right:
10.2.a
Primary health care, that is, essential health care made available to all individuals and families in the community;
10.2.c
Universal immunization against the principal infectious diseases;
10.2.d
Prevention and treatment of endemic, occupational and other diseases;
10.2.e
Education of the population on the prevention and treatment of health problems,
10.2.f
Satisfaction of the health needs of the highest risk groups and of those whose poverty makes them the most vulnerable.
15.3
The States Parties hereby undertake to accord adequate protection to the family unit and in particular:
15.3.b
To guarantee adequate nutrition for children at the nursing stage and during school attendance years;
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
4
Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
16.1
Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health.
16.2
States parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
14.1
Every child shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical, mental and spiritual health.
14.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures:
14.2.a
to reduce infant and child mortality rate;
14.2.e
to ensure appropriate health care for expectant and nursing mothers;
3.3

到2030年，消除艾滋病、结核病、疟疾和被忽视的热带疾病等流行病，抗击肝炎、水传播疾病和其他传染病。

Indicators
3.3.1
每1 000名未感染者中艾滋病毒新感染病例数(按年龄组、性别和主要群体分列)
3.3.2
每年每100 000人结核病发生率
3.3.3
每年每1 000人疟疾病例
3.3.4
某一年每100 000人新乙型肝炎感染人数
3.3.5
须采取干预措施治疗被忽视的热带疾病的人数
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
3
人人有权享有生命、自由和人身安全。
25.1
人人有权享受为维持他本人和家属的健康和福利所需的生活水准，包括食物、衣著、住房、医疗和必要的社会服务；在遭到失业、疾病、残废、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情况下丧失谋生能力时，有权享受保障。
ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
6.1
人人有固有的生命权。这个权利应受法律保护。不得任意剥夺任何人的生命。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
12.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权享有能达到的最高的体质和心理健康的标准。
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.a
减低死胎率和婴儿死亡率，和使儿童得到健康的发育；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.b
改善环境卫生和工业卫生的各个方面；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.c
预防、治疗和控制传染病、风土病、职业病以及其他的疾病；
12.2 本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为达到下列目标所需的步骤：
12.2.d
创造保证人人在患病时能得到医疗照顾的条件。
CRC
儿童权利公约
24.1
缔约国确认儿童有权享有可达到的最商标准的健康，并享有医疗和康复设施；缔约国应努力确保没有任何儿童被剥夺获得这种保健服务的权利。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.a
降低婴幼儿死亡率。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.b
确保向所有儿童提供必要的医疗援助和保健，侧重发展初级保健。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.c
消除疾病和营养不良现象，包括在初级保健范围内利用现有可得的技术和提供充足的营养食品和清洁饮水，要考虑到环境污染的危险和风险。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.d
确保母亲得到适当的产前和产后保健。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.e
确保向社会各阶层、特别是向父母和儿童介绍有关儿童保健和营养、母乳育婴优点、个人卫生和环境卫生及防止意外事故的基本知识，使他们得到这方面的教育并帮助他们应用这种基本知识。
24.2 缔约国应致力充分实现这一权利，特别是应采取适当措施，以:
24.2.f
开展预防保健、对父母的指导以及计划生育教育和服务。
24.3
缔约国应致力采取一切有效和适当的措施，以期废除对儿童健康有害的传统习俗。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
10
缔约国重申人人享有固有的生命权，并应当采取一切必要措施，确保残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上切实享有这一权利。
25 缔约国确认，残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视。缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保残疾人获得考虑到性别因素的医疗卫生服务，包括与健康有关的康复服务。缔约国尤其应当:
25.a
向残疾人提供其他人享有的，在范围、质量和标准方面相同的免费或费用低廉的医疗保健服务和方案，包括在性健康和生殖健康及全民公共卫生方案方面。
25 缔约国确认，残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视。缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保残疾人获得考虑到性别因素的医疗卫生服务，包括与健康有关的康复服务。缔约国尤其应当:
25.d
要求医护人员，包括在征得残疾人自由表示的知情同意基础上，向残疾人提供在质量上与其他人所得相同的护理，特别是通过提供培训和颁布公共和私营医疗保健服务职业道德标准，提高对残疾人人权、尊严、自主和需要的认识。

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