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目标 具体目标 文书 条款 / 描述

为所有人提供水和环境卫生并对其进行可持续管理

 6.6

到2020年，保护和恢复与水有关的生态系统，包括山地、森林、湿地、河流、地下含水层和湖泊。

Indicators
6.6.1
与水有关的生态系统范围随时间的变化
 Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.f
a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.g
actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.z
The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
9.1
Each Party shall guarantee a safe and enabling environment for persons, groups and organizations that promote and defend human rights in environmental matters, so that they are able to act free from threat, restriction and insecurity
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
11.2
The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
6
Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.a
Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned;
6 Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities:
6.b
Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
7
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, in particular for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10:
7.a
Identify components of biological diversity important for its conservation and sustainable use having regard to the indicative list of categories set down in Annex I;
7.b
Monitor, through sampling and other techniques, the components of biological diversity identified pursuant to subparagraph (a) above, paying particular attention to those requiring urgent conservation measures and those which offer the greatest potential for sustainable use;
8
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.a
Establish a system of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity;
8.b
Develop, where necessary, guidelines for the selection, establishment and management of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity;
8.c
Regulate or manage biological resources important for the conservation of biological diversity whether within or outside protected areas, with a view to ensuring their conservation and sustainable use;
8.d
Promote the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations of species in natural surroundings;
8.e
Promote environmentally sound and sustainable development in areas adjacent to protected areas with a view to furthering protection of these areas;
8.f
Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies;
8.g
Establish or maintain means to regulate, manage or control the risks associated with the use and release of living modified organisms resulting from biotechnology which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts that could affect the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account the risks to human health;
8.h
Prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species;
8.i
Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.j
Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
8 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
8.k
Develop or maintain necessary legislation and/or other regulatory provisions for the protection of threatened species and populations
8.l
Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities
8.m
Cooperate in providing financial and other support for in-situ conservation outlined in subparagraphs (a) to (1) above, particularly to developing countries
9
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, and predominantly for the purpose of complementing in-situ measures:
9.c
Adopt measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their reintroduction into their natural habitats under appropriate conditions;
10
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.a
Integrate consideration of the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision-making;
10.b
Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity;
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.c
Protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements;
10 Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:
10.d
Support local populations to develop and implement remedial action in degraded areas where biological diversity has been reduced;
10.e
Encourage cooperation between its governmental authorities and its private sector in developing methods for sustainable use of biological resources.
14.1
Each Contracting Party, as far as possible and as appropriate, shall:
14.1.a
Introduce appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likeiy to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where appropriate. allow for public participation in such procedures;
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
2.2
实现这项目标将包括一项长期的综合战略，同时在受影响地区重点提高土地生产力，恢 复、保护并以可持续的方式管理土地和水资源，从而改善特别是社区一级的生活条件。
Ramsar convention
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
4.1
Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.
4.2
Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.
4.3
The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.
4.4
The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.
4.5
The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
61.1
沿海国应决定其专属经济区内生物资源的可捕量。
61.2
沿海国参照其可得到的最可靠的科学证据,应通过正当的养护和管理措施,确保专属经济区内生物资源的维持不受过度开发的危害。在适当情形下,沿海国和各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,应为此目的进行合作。
61.3
这种措施的目的也应在包括沿海渔民社区的经济需要和发展中国家的特殊要求在内的各种有关的环境和经济因素的限制下,使捕捞鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到能够生产最高持续产量的水平,并考虑到捕捞方式、种群的相互依存以及任何一般建议的国际最低标准,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的。
61.4
沿海国在采取这种措施时,应考虑到与所捕捞鱼种有关联或依赖该鱼种而生存的鱼种所受的影响,以便使这些有关联或依赖的鱼种的数量维持在或恢复到其繁殖不会受严重威胁的水平以上。
61.5
在适当情形下,应通过各主管国际组织,不论是分区域、区域或全球性的,并在所有有关国家,包括其国民获准在专属经济区捕鱼的国家参加下,经常提供和交换可获得的科学情报、渔获量和渔捞努力量统计,以及其他有关养护鱼的种群的资料。
118
各国应互相合作以养护和管理公海区域内的生物资源。凡其国民开发相同生物资源,或在同一区域内开发不同生物资源的国家,应进行谈判,以期采取养护有关生物资源的必要措施。为此目的,这些国家应在适当情形下进行合作,以设立分区域或区域渔业组织。
145
应按照本公约对“区域”内活动采取必要措施,以确保切实保护海洋环境,不受这种活动可能产生的有害影响。为此目的,管理局应制定适当的规则,规章和程序,以便除其他外:
145.a
防止、减少和控制对包括海岸在内的海洋环境的污染和其他危害,并防止干扰海洋环境的生态平衡,特别注意使其不受诸如钻探、挖泥、挖凿、废物处置等活动,以及建造和操作或维修与这种活动有关的设施、管道和其他装置所产生的有害影响;
145.b
保护和养护“区域”的自然资源,并防止对海洋环境中动植物的损害。
192
各国有保护和保全海洋环境的义务。
194.1
各国应适当情形下个别或联合地采取一切符合本公约的必要措施,防止、减少和控制任何来源的海洋环境污染,为此目的,按照其能力使用其所掌握的最切实可行方法,并应在这方面尽力协调它们的政策。
194.2
各国应采取一切必要措施,确保在其管辖或控制下的活动的进行不致使其他国家及其环境遭受污染的损害,并确保在其管辖或控制范围内的事件或活动所造成的污染不致扩大到其按照本公约行使主权权利的区域之外。
194.3
依据本部分采取的措施,应针对海洋环境的一切污染来源。这些措施,除 其他外,应包括旨在在最大可能范围内尽量减少下列污染的措施:
194.3.a
从陆上来源、从大气层或通过大气层或由于倾倒而放出的有毒、有害或 有碍健康的物质,特别是持久不变的物质;
194.3.b
来自船只的污染,特别是为了防止意外事件和处理紧急情况,保证海上操 作安全,防止故意和无意的排放,以及规定船只的设计、建造、装备、操作和人员 配备的措施;
194.3.c
来自在用于勘探或开发海床和底土的自然资源的设施 装置的污染,特别 是为了防止意外事件和处理紧急情况,促请海上操作安全,以及规定这些设施或装 置的设计、建造、装备、操作和人中配备的措施;
194.3.d
来自在海洋环境内操作的其他设施和装置的污染,特别是为了防止意外事 件和处理紧急情况,保证海上操作安全,以及规定这些设施或装置的设计、建造、 装备、操作和人员配备的措施。
194.5
按照本部分采取的措施,应包括为保护和保全稀有或脆弱的生态系统,以及衰竭、受威胁或有灭绝危险的物种和其他形式的海洋生物的生存环境,而有很必要的措施。
195
各国在采取措施防止、减少和控制海洋环境的污染时采取的行动不应直接或 间接将损害或危险从一个区域转移到另一个区域,或将一种污染转变成另一种污 染。
196.1
各国应采取一切必要措施以防止、减少和控制由于在其管辖或控制下使用技术而造成的海洋环境污染,或由于故意或偶然在海洋环境某一特定部分引进外来的或新物种致使海洋环境可能发生重大和有害的变化。
6.a

到2030年，扩大向发展中国家提供的国际合作和能力建设支持，帮助它们开展与水和卫生有关的活动和方案，包括雨水采集、海水淡化、提高用水效率、废水处理、水回收和再利用技术。

Indicators
6.a.1
作为政府协调开支计划组成部分的与水和环境卫生有关的官方发展援助数额
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
27.1
人人有权自由参加社会的文化生活，享受艺术，并分享科学进步及其产生的福利。
28
人人有权要求一种社会的和国际的秩序，在这种秩序中，本宣言所载的权利和自由能获得充分实现。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
2.1
每一缔约国家承担尽最大能力个别采取步骤或经由国际援助和合作，特别是经济和技术方面的援助和合作，采取步骤，以便用一切适当方法，尤其包括用立法方法，逐渐达到本公约中所承认的权利的充分实现。
11.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。
15.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权：
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
15.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为保存、发展和传播科学和文化所必需的步骤。
15.3
本公约缔约各国承担尊重进行科学研究和创造性活动所不可缺少的自由。
15.4
本公约缔约各国认识到鼓励和发展科学与文化方面的国际接触和合作的好处。
CRC
儿童权利公约
4
缔约国应采取一切适当的立法、行政和其他以实现本公约所确认的权利。关于经济、社会及文化权利，缔约国应根据其现有资源所允许的最大限度并视需要在国际合作范围内采取此类措施。
24.4
缔约国承担促进和鼓励国际合作，以期逐步充分实现本条所确认的权利。在这方面，应特别考虑到发展中国家的需要。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
32.1 缔约国确认必须开展和促进国际合作，支持国家为实现本公约的宗旨和目的而作出的努力，并将为此在双边和多边的范围内采取适当和有效的措施，并酌情与相关国际和区域组织及民间社会，特别是与残疾人组织，合作采取这些措施。除其他外，这些措施可包括:
32.1.a
确保包容和便利残疾人参与国际合作，包括国际发展方案。
32.1 缔约国确认必须开展和促进国际合作，支持国家为实现本公约的宗旨和目的而作出的努力，并将为此在双边和多边的范围内采取适当和有效的措施，并酌情与相关国际和区域组织及民间社会，特别是与残疾人组织，合作采取这些措施。除其他外，这些措施可包括:
32.1.d
酌情提供技术和经济援助，包括便利获取和分享无障碍技术和辅助技术以及通过技术转让提供这些援助。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
39
土著人民有权从各国和通过国际合作获得财政和技术援助，以享受本《宣言》 所规定的权利。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
UNCLOS
联合国海洋法公约
197
各国在为保护和保全海洋环境而拟订和制订符合本公约的国际规则、标准和建议的办法及程序时,应在全球性的基础上或在区域性的基础上,直接或通过主管国际组织进行合作,同时考虑到区域的特点。
200
各国应直接或通过主管国际组织进行合作,以促进研究、实施科学研究方案、并鼓励交换所取得的关于海洋环境污染的情报和资料。各国应尽力积极参加区域性和全球性方案,以取得有关鉴定污染的性质和范围、面临污染的情况以及其通过的途径、危险和补救办法的知识。
202
各国应直接或通过主管国际组织:
202.a
促进对发展中国家的科学、教育、技术和其他方面援助的方案,以保护和 保全海洋环境,并防止、减少和控制海洋污染。这种援助,除其他外,应包括:
202.a.i
training of their scientific and technical personnel;
202.a.ii
facilitating their participation in relevant international programmes;
202.a.iii
supplying them with necessary equipment and facilities;
202.a.iv
enhancing their capacity to manufacture such equipment;
202.a.v
就研究、监测、教育和其他方案提供意见并发展设施。
202.b
提供适当的援助,特别是对发展中国家,以尽量减少可能对海洋环境造成严重严重污染的重大事故的影响。
202.c
提供关于编制环境评价的适当援助,特别是对发展中国家。
6.b

支持和加强地方社区参与改进水和环境卫生管理。

Indicators
6.b.1
已经制定业务政策和流程以促进当地社区参与水和环境卫生管理的地方行政单位的比例
 ICCPR
公民权利和政治权利国际公约
25 每个公民应有下列权利和机会，不受第二条所述的区分和不受不合理的限制：
25.a
直接或通过自由选择的代表参与公共事务；
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
19
各国在通过和实行可能影响到土著人民的立法或行政措施前，应本着诚意， 通过土著人民自己的代表机构，与有关的土著人民协商和合作，事先征得他们的自由知情同意。
23
土著人民有权确定和制定行使其发展权的优先重点和战略。特别是，土著人 民有权积极参与制定和确定影响到他们的保健、住房方案及其他经济和社会方案，并尽可能通过自己的机构管理这些方案。
32.2
各国在批准任何影响到土著人民土地或领土和其他资源的项目，特别是 开发、利用或开采矿物、水或其他资源的项目前，应本着诚意，通过有关的土著人民自己的代表机构，与土著人民协商和合作，征得他们的自由知情同意。
ILO 169
土著和部落居民公约，1989（第169号）
Description 1
本国际劳工组织公约要求，在制定可能影响土著和部落民族的决议中，要与其协商、使其参与其中。
6.1
在实施本公约的规定时，各国政府应：
6.1 在实施本公约的规定时，各国政府应：
6.1.a
当考虑立法或行政措施时，通过适当的程序，特别是通过其代表机构，与可能受直接影响的有关民族进行磋商；
6.1 在实施本公约的规定时，各国政府应：
6.1.b
确立各种途径，以使这些民族可以自由地，至少是与人口中其他部分人同等地参与，负责制订与其有关的政策和计划的选举机构，行政机构和其他机构的各项决策；
6.1 在实施本公约的规定时，各国政府应：
6.1.c
确立各种途径，使他们充分发展本民族的制度和举措，并在适当的情况下，为此提供所需资源。
6.2
在实施公约的过程中，应出于诚意并以适合当时情形的方式开展磋商，以就提议的措施达成协议或取得一致意见。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.5
Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
7.1
Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5
The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.a
the type or nature of the environmental decision under consideration and, where appropriate, in non-technical language;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.b
the authority responsible for making the decision and other authorities and bodies involved;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.c
the procedure foreseen for the participation of the public, including the date on which the procedure will begin and end, mechanisms for participation and, where applicable, the date and place of any public consultation or hearing; and
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.d
the public authorities involved from which additional information on the environmental decision under consideration can be requested and the procedure for requesting information.
7.7
The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.8
Each Party shall ensure that, once a decision has been made, the public is informed in a timely manner thereof and of the grounds and reasons underlying the decision, including how the observations of the public have been taken into consideration. The decision and its basis shall be made public and be accessible.
7.9
The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.10
Each Party shall establish conditions that are favourable to public participation in environmental decision-making processes and that are adapted to the social, economic, cultural, geographical and gender characteristics of the public.
7.11
When the primary language of the directly affected public is different to the official languages, the public authority shall ensure that means are provided to facilitate their understanding and participation.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
7.13
Each Party shall encourage the establishment of appropriate spaces for consultation on environmental matters or the use of those that are already in existence in which various groups and sectors are able to participate. Each Party shall promote regard for local knowledge, dialogue and interaction of different views and knowledge, where appropriate.
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
7.15
In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed.
7.16
The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation.
7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.a
a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.b
a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.c
a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.d
a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.e
the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.f
a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.g
actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.z
The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
10.2
Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.b
develop and strengthen environmental law and access rights awareness-raising and capacity-building programmes for, inter alia, the public, judicial and administrative officials, national human rights institutions and jurists;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.d
promote education and training on, and raise public awareness of, environmental matters, through, inter alia, basic educational modules on access rights for students at all levels of education;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.e
develop specific measures for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, such as providing interpreters or translators in languages other than official languages when necessary;
10.2 Each Party, in line with its capacities, may take, inter alia, the following measures:
10.2.f
acknowledge the importance of associations, organizations or groups that train the public on or raise public awareness of access rights;
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
European Framework Convention on Minorities
Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
15
The Parties shall create the conditions necessary for the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities in cultural, social and economic life and in public affairs, in particular those affecting them.
ACRWC
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
14.2
State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures:
14.2.i
to ensure the meaningful participation of non-governmental organizations, local communities and the beneficiary population in the planning and management of basic service programmes for children;
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.a
ensure greater participation of women in the planning, management and preservation of the environment and the sustainable use of natural resources at all levels;
19
Women shall have the right to fully enjoy their right to sustainable development. In this connection, the States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
19.b
ensure participation of women at all levels in the conceptualisation, decision-making, implementation and evaluation of development policies and programmes;
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
3
为实现本《公约》的目标和履行本《公约》各项规定，缔约方除其他外应以下列为指导：
3.a
缔约方应当确保群众和地方社区参与关于防治荒漠化和／或缓解干旱影响的方案的设计和实施决策，并在较高各级为便利国家和地方两级采取行动创造一种扶持环境；
5
除根据第四条应承担的义务之外，受影响国家缔约方承诺：
5.d
在防治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响的工作中，在非政府组织的支持下，提高当地群众尤其 是妇女和青年的认识，并为他们的参与提供便利；以及
10.2
国家行动方案应当明确指出政府、地方社区和土地使用者各自的作用，同时确定可得到 的和需要的资源。国家行动方案除其他外应：
10.2.f
设法在地方、国家和区域各级让非政府组织和当地男女群众，特别是资源的使用者， 包括农民和牧民及他们的代表组织，有效参与国家行动方案的政策规划、决策、实施 和审查；以及

确保人人获得负担得起的、可靠和可持续的现代能源

 7.1

到2030年，确保人人都能获得负担得起的、可靠的现代能源服务。

Indicators
7.1.1
能获得电力的人口比例
7.1.2
主要依靠清洁燃料和技术的人口比例
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
25.1
人人有权享受为维持他本人和家属的健康和福利所需的生活水准，包括食物、衣著、住房、医疗和必要的社会服务；在遭到失业、疾病、残废、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情况下丧失谋生能力时，有权享受保障。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
11.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。
ICERD
消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约
5 缔约国依本公约第二条所规定的基本义务承诺禁止并消除一切形式种族歧视，保证人人有不分种族、肤色或民族或人种在法律上一律平等的权利，尤得享受下列权利:
5.e
经济、社会及文化权利，其尤著者为：
CEDAW
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约
13
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除在经济和社会生活的其他方面对妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上有相同的权利，特别是:
14.2 缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对农村地区妇女的歧视，保证她们在男女平等的基础上参与农村发展并受其惠益，尤其是保证她们有权:
14.2.h
享受适当的生活条件，特别是在住房、卫生、水电供应、交通和通讯方面。
CRPD
残疾人权利公约
28.1
缔约国确认残疾人有权为自己及其家属获得适足的生活水平，包括适足的食物、衣物、住房，以及不断改善生活条件;缔约国应当采取适当步骤，保障和促进在不受基于残疾的歧视的情况下实现这项权利。
UNDRIP
联合国土著人民权利宣言
21.1
土著人民有权不受歧视地改善其经济和社会状况，尤其是在教育、就业、 职业培训和再培训、住房、环境卫生、保健和社会保障等领域。
21.2
各国应采取有效措施，并在适当情况下采取特别措施，确保土著人民的 经济和社会状况持续得到改善。应特别关注土著老人、妇女、青年、儿童和残疾人的权利和特殊需要。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
4.5
Each Party shall ensure that guidance and assistance is provided to the public —particularly those persons or groups in vulnerable situations— in order to facilitate the exercise of their access rights.
5.2
The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.a
requesting and receiving information from competent authorities without mentioning any special interest or explaining the reasons for the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.b
being informed promptly whether the requested information is in possession or not of the competent authority receiving the request;
5.2 The exercise of the right of access to environmental information includes:
5.2.c
being informed of the right to challenge and appeal when information is not delivered, and of the requirements for exercising this right.
5.3
Each Party shall facilitate access to environmental information for persons or groups in vulnerable situations, establishing procedures for the provision of assistance, from the formulation of requests through to the delivery of the information, taking into account their conditions and specificities, for the purpose of promoting access and participation under equal conditions.
5.4
Each Party shall guarantee that the above-mentioned persons or groups in vulnerable situations, including indigenous peoples and ethnic groups, receive assistance in preparing their requests and obtain a response.
6.1
Each Party shall guarantee, to the extent possible within available resources, that the competent authorities generate, collect, publicize and disseminate environmental information relevant to their functions in a systematic, proactive, timely, regular, accessible and comprehensible manner, and periodically update this information and encourage the disaggregation and decentralization of environmental information at the subnational and local levels. Each Party shall strengthen coordination between the different authorities of the State.
6.3
Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.e
information on the use and conservation of natural resources and ecosystem services;
6.3 Each Party shall have in place one or more up-to-date environmental information systems, which may include, inter alia:
6.3.h
information on environmental impact assessment processes and on other environmental management instruments, where applicable, and environmental licences or permits granted by the public authorities;
6.6
In order to facilitate access by persons or groups in vulnerable situations to information that particularly affects them, each Party shall endeavour, where applicable, to ensure that the competent authorities disseminate environmental information in the various languages used in the country, and prepare alternative formats that are comprehensible to those groups, using suitable channels of communication.
6.9
Each Party shall promote access to environmental information contained in concessions, contracts, agreements or authorizations granted, which involve the use of public goods, services or resources, in accordance with domestic legislation.
6.10
Each Party shall ensure that consumers and users have official, relevant and clear information on the environmental qualities of goods and services and their effects on health, favouring sustainable production and consumption patterns.
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
7.1
Each Party shall ensure the public’s right to participation and, for that purpose, commits to implement open and inclusive participation in environmental decision-making processes based on domestic and international normative frameworks.
7.2
Each Party shall guarantee mechanisms for the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates with respect to projects and activities, and in other processes for granting environmental permits that have or may have a significant impact on the environment, including when they may affect health.
7.3
Each Party shall promote the participation of the public in decision-making processes, revisions, re-examinations or updates other than those referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article with respect to environmental matters of public interest, such as land-use planning, policies, strategies, plans, programmes, rules and regulations, which have or may have a significant impact on the environment.
7.4
Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure that the public can participate in the decision-making process from the early stages, so that due consideration can be given to the observations of the public, thus contributing to the process. To that effect, each Party shall provide the public with the necessary information in a clear, timely and comprehensive manner, to give effect to its right to participate in the decision-making process.
7.5
The public participation procedure will provide for reasonable timeframes that allow sufficient time to inform the public and for its effective participation.
7.6
The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.a
the type or nature of the environmental decision under consideration and, where appropriate, in non-technical language;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.b
the authority responsible for making the decision and other authorities and bodies involved;
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.c
the procedure foreseen for the participation of the public, including the date on which the procedure will begin and end, mechanisms for participation and, where applicable, the date and place of any public consultation or hearing; and
7.6 The public shall be informed, through appropriate means, such as in writing, electronically, orally and by customary methods, and in an effective, comprehensible and timely manner, as a minimum, of the following:
7.6.d
the public authorities involved from which additional information on the environmental decision under consideration can be requested and the procedure for requesting information.
7.7
The public’s right to participate in environmental decision-making processes shall include the opportunity to present observations through appropriate means available, according to the circumstances of the process. Before adopting the decision, the relevant public authority shall give due consideration to the outcome of the participation process.
7.8
Each Party shall ensure that, once a decision has been made, the public is informed in a timely manner thereof and of the grounds and reasons underlying the decision, including how the observations of the public have been taken into consideration. The decision and its basis shall be made public and be accessible.
7.9
The dissemination of the decisions resulting from environmental impact assessments and other environmental decision-making processes in which the public has participated shall be carried out through appropriate means, which may include written, electronic or oral means and customary methods, in an effective and prompt manner. The information disseminated shall include the established procedure to allow the public to take the relevant administrative and judicial actions.
7.10
Each Party shall establish conditions that are favourable to public participation in environmental decision-making processes and that are adapted to the social, economic, cultural, geographical and gender characteristics of the public.
7.11
When the primary language of the directly affected public is different to the official languages, the public authority shall ensure that means are provided to facilitate their understanding and participation.
7.12
Each Party shall promote, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic legislation, public participation in international forums and negotiations on environmental matters or with an environmental impact, in accordance with the procedural rules on participation of each forum. The participation of the public at the national level on matters of international environmental forums shall also be promoted, where appropriate.
7.13
Each Party shall encourage the establishment of appropriate spaces for consultation on environmental matters or the use of those that are already in existence in which various groups and sectors are able to participate. Each Party shall promote regard for local knowledge, dialogue and interaction of different views and knowledge, where appropriate.
7.14
The public authorities shall make efforts to identify and support persons or groups in vulnerable situations in order to engage them in an active, timely and effective manner in participation mechanisms. For these purposes, appropriate means and formats will be considered, in order to eliminate barriers to participation.
7.15
In the implementation of the present Agreement, each Party shall guarantee that its domestic legislation and international obligations in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are observed.
7.16
The public authority shall make efforts to identify the public directly affected by the projects or activities that have or may have a significant impact on the environment and shall promote specific actions to facilitate their participation.
7.17
With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.a
a description of the area of influence and physical and technical characteristics of the proposed project or activity;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.b
a description of the main environmental impacts of the project or activity and, as appropriate, the cumulative environmental impact;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.c
a description of the measures foreseen with respect to those impacts;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.d
a summary of (a), (b) and (c) of the present paragraph in comprehensible, non-technical language;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.e
the public reports and opinions of the involved entities addressed to the public authority related to the project or activity under consideration;
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.f
a description of the available technologies to be used and alternative locations for executing the project or activity subject to assessment, when the information is available; and
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.g
actions taken to monitor the implementation and results of environmental impact assessment measures.
7.17 With respect to the environmental decision-making processes referred to in paragraph 2 of the present article, as a minimum, the following information shall be made public:
7.17.z
The aforementioned information shall be made available free of charge to the public in accordance with paragraph 17 of article 5 of the present Agreement.
13
Each Party, to the extent of its ability and in accordance with its national priorities, commits to provide the resources for national activities that are needed to fulfil the obligations derived from the present Agreement.
Inter-American Convention on discrimination against persons with disabilities
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
III
To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake:
III.2
To work on a priority basis in the following areas:
III.2.b
Early detection and intervention, treatment, rehabilitation, education, job training, and the provision of comprehensive services to ensure the optimal level of independence and quality of life for persons with disabilities;
ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
22.2
States shall have the duty, individually or collectively, to ensure the exercise of the right to development.
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.b
promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women's access to, and participation in their control;
7.2

到2030年，大幅增加可再生能源在全球能源结构中的比例。

Indicators
7.2.1
可再生能源在最终能源消费总量中的份额
 ACHPR
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
24
All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.b
promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women's access to, and participation in their control;
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
联合国关于在发生严重干旱和或荒漠化 的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约
19.1
缔约方确认，能力建设——即所谓机构建设、培训和有关本地和本国能力的发展——对防 治荒漠化和缓解干旱影响各种努力具有重要意义。缔约方应酌情以下列方式促进能力的建设：
19.1.f
提供适当的培训和技术，利用替代能源，尤其是可再生能源，以期特别是减少燃料方 面对木柴的依赖；
7.3

到2030年，全球能效改善率提高一倍。

Indicators
7.3.1
以一次能源和国内生产总值计量的能源密集度
 Maputo Protocol
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
18.2
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to:
18.2.b
promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women's access to, and participation in their control;
7.a

到2030年，加强国际合作，促进获取清洁能源的研究和技术，包括可再生能源、能效，以及先进和更清洁的化石燃料技术，并促进对能源基础设施和清洁能源技术的投资。

Indicators
7.a.1
为支助清洁能源研发和可再生能源生产，包括为支助混合系统而流入发展中国家的国际资金
 UDHR
世界人权宣言
27.1
人人有权自由参加社会的文化生活，享受艺术，并分享科学进步及其产生的福利。
28
人人有权要求一种社会的和国际的秩序，在这种秩序中，本宣言所载的权利和自由能获得充分实现。
ICESCR
经济、社会和文化权利国际公约
2.1
每一缔约国家承担尽最大能力个别采取步骤或经由国际援助和合作，特别是经济和技术方面的援助和合作，采取步骤，以便用一切适当方法，尤其包括用立法方法，逐渐达到本公约中所承认的权利的充分实现。
11.1
本公约缔约各国承认人人有权为他自己和家庭获得相当的生活水准，包括足够的食物、衣着和住房，并能不断改进生活条件。各缔约国将采取适当的步骤保证实现这一权利，并承认为此而实行基于自愿同意的国际合作的重要性。
15.1 本公约缔约各国承认人人有权：
15.1.b
享受科学进步及其应用所产生的利益；
15.2
本公约缔约各国为充分实现这一权利而采取的步骤应包括为保存、发展和传播科学和文化所必需的步骤。
15.3
本公约缔约各国承担尊重进行科学研究和创造性活动所不可缺少的自由。
15.4
本公约缔约各国认识到鼓励和发展科学与文化方面的国际接触和合作的好处。
Escazú Agreement
Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean
6.12
Each Party shall take the necessary measures, through legal or administrative frameworks, among others, to promote access to environmental information in the possession of private entities, in particular information on their operations and the possible risks and effects on human health and the environment.
11.1
The Parties shall cooperate to strengthen their national capacities with the aim of implementing the present Agreement in an effective manner.
11.2
The Parties shall give particular consideration to least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States from Latin America and the Caribbean.
11.3
For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.a
discussions, workshops, expert exchanges, technical assistance, education and observatories;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.b
developing, sharing and implementing educational, training and awareness-raising materials and programmes;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.c
sharing experiences of voluntary codes of conduct, guidelines, good practices and standards;
11.3 For the purposes of implementing paragraph 2 of the present article, the Parties shall promote activities and mechanisms, such as:
11.3.d
committees, councils and forums of multisectoral development stakeholders to address cooperation priorities and activities.
11.4
The Parties shall encourage partnerships with States from other regions, intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic and private organizations, as well as civil society organizations and other relevant stakeholders to implement the present Agreement.
11.5
The Parties recognize that regional cooperation and information-sharing shall be promoted in relation to all aspects of illicit activities against the environment.
Protocol of San Salvador
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Protocol of San Salvador)
14.4
The States Parties to this Protocol recognize the benefits to be derived from the encouragement and development of international cooperation and relations in the fields of science, arts and culture, and accordingly agree to foster greater international cooperation in these fields.
联合国气候变化框架公约
联合国气候变化框架公约
4.1
All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall:
4.1.c
在所有有关部门，包括能源、运输、工业、农业、林业和废物管理部 门，促进和合作发展、应用和传播(包括转让)各种用来控制、减少或防止《蒙特 利尔议定书》未予管制的温室气体的人为排放的技术、做法和过程；

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